面向未知环境的空间机械臂自适应阻抗控制研究

针对空间机械臂与环境接触时环境刚度和阻尼会发生突变或渐变情况下的柔顺控制问题,提出了一种阻抗参数可根据环境自适应改变的控制方法.利用最小二乘法,对空间机械臂接触的环境阻尼与刚度进行在线估计.通过分析空间机械臂与环境接触时的系统特性,推导了环境与机械臂看作一体的二阶系统,并由二阶系统的响应特性提出了阻抗参数随环境自调整的自适应方案.最后以平面2自由度机械臂为对象进行了数值仿真,相较于传统阻抗控制方法,所提出的自适应阻抗控制在力控制精确性、减小最大接触力和适应不同接触环境上有一定的优势.

基于改进神经网络的空间机械臂阻抗控制方法

针对环境信息不确定和碰撞模型未知情况下的空间机械臂柔顺控制问题,提出了一种基于改进型神经网络的阻抗控制方法。以空间机械臂阻抗控制系统闭环方程为基础,分析了环境信息不确定和碰撞模型未知情况下不能实现精准力控制的原因。利用粒子群优化算法调整神经网络中的权值矩阵,以提高神经网络的收敛速度和寻优性能。基于改进后的神经网络设计阻抗控制器,使改进后的神经网络能实时调整阻抗参数以达到更好的柔顺控制效果。数值结果表明,相比传统阻抗控制,该控制器能够有效减小力控制误差和位置控制误差,且对于力反馈干扰信号具有更强的抗干扰能力。

New method for multibody dynamics based on unknown constraint force

This paper presents a new method for the dynamics of multibody systems based on unknown constraint force. The method can uniformly solve multibody systems with typical configurations, including the system with rigid-flexible coupling, the system in tree topology, and the system with loop constraints. Unlike common methods, the proposed method can model the loop system without “cutting off” loop constraints, leading to the exact same modelling process as the tree-like system performs. Based on graph theory, a topological record matrix M_(rec) is proposed to capture the arbitrary system configuration. Moreover, constraint forces are selected as the key variables in semi-recursive framework. With the recursive kinematics relationship between adjacent bodies, the constraint force equation is further assembled to achieve the full-state system solution. The numerical simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.

Decentralized adaptive sliding mode control of a space robot actuated by control moment gyroscopes

An adaptive sliding mode control(ASMC) law is proposed in decentralized scheme for trajectory tracking control of a new concept space robot.Each joint of the system is a free ball joint capable of rotating with three degrees of freedom(DOF).A cluster of control moment gyroscopes(CMGs) is mounted on each link and the base to actuate the system.The modified Rodrigues parameters(MRPs) are employed to describe the angular displacements,and the equations of motion are derived using Kane's equations.The controller for each link or the base is designed separately in decentralized scheme.The unknown disturbances,inertia parameter uncertainties and nonlinear uncertainties are classified as a ‘‘lumped" matched uncertainty with unknown upper bound,and a continuous sliding mode control(SMC) law is proposed,in which the control gain is tuned by the improved adaptation laws for the upper bound on norm of the uncertainty.A general amplification function is designed and incorporated in the adaptation laws to reduce the control error without conspicuously increasing the magnitude of the control input.Uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed loop system is proved by Lyapunov's method.Simulation results based on a three-link system verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

A new steering approach for VSCMGs with high precision

A new variable speed control moment gyro(VSCMG) steering law is proposed in order to achieve higher torque precision. The dynamics of VSCMGs is established, and two work modes are then designed according to command torque: control momentum gyro(CMG)/reaction wheel(RW) hybrid mode for the large torque case and RW single mode for the small. When working in the CMG/RW hybrid mode, the steering law deals with the gimbal dead-zone nonlinearity through compensation by RW sub-mode. This is in contrast to the conventional CMG singularity avoidance and wheel speed equalization, as well as the proof of definitely hyperbolic singular property of the CMG sub-mode. When working in the RW single mode, the motion of gimbals will be locked. Both the transition from CMG/RW hybrid mode to RW single mode and the reverse are studied. During the transition, wheel speed equalization and singularity avoidance of both the CMG and RW submodes are considered. A steering law for the RWs with locked gimbals is presented. It is shown by simulations that the VSCMGs with this new steering law could reach a better torque precision than the normal CMGs in the case of both large and small torques.

Path planning of a free-floating space robot based on the degree of controllability

An effective and more efficient path planning algorithm is developed for a kinematically non-redundant free-floating space robot(FFSR) system by proposing a concept of degree of controllability(DOC) for underactuated systems. The DOC concept is proposed for making full use of the internal couplings and then achieving a better control effect, followed by a certain definition of controllability measurement which measures the DOC, based on obtaining an explicit and finite equivalent affine system and singular value decomposition. A simple method for nilpotent approximation of the Lie algebra generated by the FFSR system is put forward by direct Taylor expansion when obtaining the equivalent system. Afterwards, a large-controlla- bility-measurement(LCM) nominal path is searched by a weighted A* algorithm, and an optimal self-correcting method is designed to track the nominal path approximately, yielding an efficient underactuated path. The proposed strategy successfully avoids the drawback of inefficiency inherent in previous path-planning schemes, which is due to the neglect of internal couplings, and illustrative numerical examples show its efficacy.