基于风景健康的海南省自贸区人居环境空间研究

海南经过30年的经济特区建设已正式迈入自贸区建设的新时代,所面临的地区发展与生态维育矛盾逐步加剧。为保育海南优良的生态品质,提升海南人居环境空间质量,基于“健康、生态、人居”三元耦合与互动多赢的发展关系,提出与之适宜的风景园林健康理论;结合前人经验,以人居环境空间规划为切入点,解析人居环境空间研究内容。运用ArcGIS10.2.2空间分析和Fragstats4.2景观格局分析,解析海南省域三生空间敏感性、资源利用效率可持续性,以及资源服务范围与开发建设空间适宜性,结合人居环境空间发展特征,提出从全岛国土空间、资源统筹和空间营造3个方面进行规划引导,并提出以下观点:1)人类活动对资源环境和空间利用的合理性是有效保障海南人居环境空间的前提基础;2)遵循风景园林健康理论指导的全域国土空间规划、资源统筹规划和空间营造规划是提升海南人居环境空间的根本路径;3)“健康、生态、人居”三元耦合和互动多赢的关系均衡与协调是提升海南人居环境空间的终极目标。

健康视野下的慈湖杨坝特色小镇规划设计

为了探索风景健康的特色小镇建设路径,本文在总结特色小镇风景健康研究的基础上,遵循风景园林健康理论,提出以"目标确立-结构与功能引导-空间规划与设计"为技术路线的慈湖杨坝特色小镇健康性规划与设计方案。研究表明:资源利用的可持续性和国土开发的科学性是建设健康特色小镇的基本前提,场域土地规划、景观格局优化和微空间营造是提升特色小镇人居环境空间质量的根本路径,基于"健康、生态、人居"三元耦合和互动多赢的关系均衡与协调是建设和发展健康特色小镇的终极目标。

海南岛万泉河流域开放空间系统的调控研究

海南岛30年的经济特区建设和快速城镇化推进给海南生态文明建设与发展带来了巨大挑战,为了缓解流域生态环境恶化、城乡空间格局与功能形态矛盾突出等问题,以万泉河流域为研究对象和尺度,借助RS、Arcgis10.2.2等空间分析平台探讨了万泉河流域开放空间系统近5年来的要素流变、开放空间系统景观格局和系统功能.研究结果表明:万泉河流域虽保有较高的生态安全格局,但生态系统内部已呈现出较高的破碎化程度和空间异质性.在进行开放空间的系统调控时,必须在不破坏现有生态的基础上严守生态控制区、生态协调区和生态恢复区的控制红线,坚持对“源”景观的生态保护和维育以及对“汇”景观的生态修复,从而达到优化开放空间系统结构和功能的目的.

基于LID的三亚市海绵城市规划研究

在剖析三亚城市建设现状的基础上,秉承景观生态规划理念,体现"海绵城市"思想,从建构三亚市海绵城市的总体规划框架入手,采用文献综述法、图上作业法等方法,阐述了海绵城市的规划思路、建设思路、水治理与基础设施布局等内容.研究结果表明,遵循景观生态学原理,构建包含蓝、绿、灰三个子系统的复合体系,可以有效实现人工与自然要素的过渡与衔接;同时,低影响开发的竖向设计运用是海绵城市的建设准则,是解决城市水问题,协调城镇化与资源环境相互关系的重要途径.

城市开发强度、整合度和城市活力的联动效应——以福建省石狮市中心城区为例

以福建省石狮市中心城区为例,利用空间分析和空间句法等分析城市开发强度、整合度和城市活力的分布特征及三者之间的联动效应,探索对城市聚类空间分异研究的新途径。结果表明:(1)研究区开发强度具有“圈层+轴线”分布特征,沿商业用地呈轴线明晰的高开发强度;整合度和城市活力“中—高—中—低”圈层分布明晰,空间分布不均,沿商业用地和商住混合用地形成了具有带动城市活力的商业环带。(2)地块的区位条件、用地功能等是城市开发强度、整合度和城市活力之间联动效应的决定因素,解析三者之间联动效应的内在机制可以将研究区精确划定为9个聚类空间分异类型。这种联动效应的应用可以引导城市空间结构的调控和城市问题的生态治理。

绿色开放空间系统特征分析及功能效应评价——以呼和浩特建成区为例

生态城市发展水平的高低有赖于绿色开放空间系统质量的优劣,生态城市建设应首先着眼于绿色开放空间系统的结构优化和功能提升。选择呼和浩特建成区为研究对象,从分析绿色开放空间系统的结构特征和评价功能效应入手,找出城市人居环境改善的科学依据。以梳理系统要素为基础,应用RS、GIS等技术,从系统格局层面的空间变化和景观格局层面的指数变化等不同方面,剖析绿色开放空间系统的空间特征,建构绿色开放空间系统功能效应评价体系,结合雷达图表模型评价其功能效应。结果表明:近年来,防护绿地对水系空间的保护和附属绿地对呼和浩特市人居环境的提升作用显著,但绿色开放空间系统要素结构的较大变化削减了系统的功能效应。

坛紫菜对赤潮异弯藻生长和光合活性的影响

以赤潮异弯藻为研究对象,利用水样叶绿素荧光仪等研究新鲜坛紫菜、灭活坛紫菜、坛紫菜水溶性浸提液和甲醇提取物对有害赤潮微藻生长和光合活性的影响.结果表明:新鲜坛紫菜具有抑制赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性(叶绿素a含量、光系统Ⅱ的最大光能转换效率和相对电子传递速率)的作用;灭活坛紫菜(3.20 g·L^-1)、坛紫菜水溶性浸提液(0.80、1.60 g·L^-1)和甲醇提取物(3.20 g·L^-1)对赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性具有"先抑后促"作用.坛紫菜水溶性浸提液(3.20g·L^-1)对赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性具有极显著抑制作用(P<0.01).生长抑制作用大小为坛紫菜水溶性浸提液>灭活坛紫菜>新鲜坛紫菜>坛紫菜甲醇提取物,坛紫菜可通过释放化感物质来抑制赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性,且主要成分具有水溶性.

Vibration and sound radiation of a rotating train wheel subject to a vertical harmonic wheel–rail force

The rapid development of high-speed railway networks requires advanced methods for analysing vibration and sound radiation characteristics of a fast rotating train wheel subject to a vertical harmonic wheel-rail force. In order to consider the rotation of the wheel and at the same time increase the computational efficiency, a procedure is adapted in this paper taking advantage of the axial symmetry of the wheel. In this procedure, a recently developed 2.5D finite element method, which can consider wheel rotation but only requires a 2D mesh over a cross section containing the wheel axis, is used to calculate the vibration response of the wheel. Then, the vibration response of the wheel is taken as acoustic boundary condition and the 2.5D acoustic boundary element method, which only requires a 1D mesh over the boundary of the above cross section, is utilised to calculate the sound radiation of the wheel. These 2.5D methods and relevant programs are validated by comparing results from this procedure with those from conventional 3D analyses using commercial software. The comparison also demonstrates that these 2.5D methods have a much higher computational efficiency. Using the 2.5D methods, we study the wheel rotation speed influences on the factors including the vertical receptance of the wheel at wheel-rail contact point, sound pressure level at a pre-defined standard measurement point, radiated sound power level, directivity of the radia- tion, and contribution of each part of the wheel. It can be concluded that the wheel rotation speed splits most peaks of the vertical receptance at the wheel-rail contact point, sound pressure levels at the field, and the sound power level of the wheel into two peaks. The directivity and power contribution of the wheel are also significantly changed by the wheel rotation speed. Therefore, the rotation of a train wheel should be taken into account when calculating its vibration and sound radiation.

城市传统社区海绵化更新的实践探索

海绵化更新是解决我国城市传统社区严峻水问题的重要手段,也是实现社区可持续发展的必然选择。该文选择三亚市金鸡岭社区,遵循海绵城市理论、规划建设原则指导,采用实地调研法和模糊综合评价法,在分析社区现状的基础上,提出了传统社区海绵化更新的技术路线和实施路径,制定了包含空间环境质量提升和绿色基础设施运用两方面的规划实现方案,构建了社区生态综合效应评价体系。研究表明:海绵化更新可以有效调控传统社区的雨水径流,空间环境质量提升和绿色基础设施运用增强了传统社区的生态综合服务效应。

Design of Campus Wetland Landscapes: A Case Study of the Bailuxi Wetland of University of Sanya in Sanya, Hainan, China

In this paper, the landscape design of the Bailuxi Wetland in University of Sanya was studied by using the research method of “survey—analysis—design”. The questionnaire survey, field observation and landscape pattern analysis were used to analyze the landscape pattern of the Bailuxi Wetland as well as the characteristics and problems of the six subsystems of green space, activity, road, animal, plant, and sound. Then the overall structure and function design of the Bailuxi Wetland landscape, the optimization adjustment of the landscape pattern, the optimization design of the subsystem, and the relationship design between human and the animal, plant, and sound systems were proposed. This study is dedicated to providing effective advice on the planning and design of campus wetland landscapes, with a view to providing examples for the planning and design of campus wetland landscapes. The research indicates that:① Scientific and rational spatial structure and functional layout planning are prerequisites for the sustainable development of wetland landscapes;② the balanced development of subsystems in the campus wetland system is a necessary condition for maintaining the rationality of the campus landscape pattern;③ the degree of harmony between humans and animals, plants, and sounds affects the ecological sustainability of campus wetland landscapes.