Hybridization plays a significant role in biological evolution. However, it is not clear whether ecological contingency differentially influences likelihood of hybridization, particularly at ecological margins where p...Hybridization plays a significant role in biological evolution. However, it is not clear whether ecological contingency differentially influences likelihood of hybridization, particularly at ecological margins where parental species may exhibit reduced fitnesses. Moreover, it is unknown whether future ecosystem change will increase the prevalence of hybridization. Ficus heterostyla and F. squamosa are closely related species co-distributed from southern Thailand to southwest China where hybridization, yielding viable seeds, has been documented. As a robust test of ecological factors driving hybridization, we investigated spatial hybridization signatures based on nuclear microsatellites from extensive population sampling across a widespread contact range. Both species showed high population differentiation and strong patterns of isolation by distance. Admixture estimates exposed asymmetric interspecific gene flow.Signatures of hybridization increase significantly towards higher latitude zones, peaking at the northern climatic margins. Geographic variation in reproductive phenology combined with ecologically challenging marginal habitats may promote this phenomenon. Our work is a first systematic evaluation of such patterns in a comprehensive, latitudinally-based clinal context, and indicates that tendency to hybridize appears strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Moreover, that future climate change scenarios will likely alter and possibly augment cases of hybridization at ecosystem scales.展开更多
BACKGROUND The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of...BACKGROUND The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project(Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).METHODS A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors(LFs)(smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs). The risk advancement periods(RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) were also calculated.RESULTS A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1healthy LFs, maintaining 3–4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD(HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45–0.79)and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years(RAP:-6.31 [-9.92,-2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3–4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0%compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2to 3–4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD(HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.98).CONCLUSIONS Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether the common variants 45T/G and 276G/T in APM1 gene were associated with hypertension combined with obesity （HO） and related clinical features in Chinese Han population. Methods A case...Objective To investigate whether the common variants 45T/G and 276G/T in APM1 gene were associated with hypertension combined with obesity （HO） and related clinical features in Chinese Han population. Methods A case-control study design was applied. Common polymorphisms of 45T/G and 276G/T were genotyped by PCR product sequencing in 484 cases with HO and 502 controls with normal blood presure and BMI 〈 25. Results The genotype and allele frequencies of 45T/G, 276G/T, and haplotype defined by the two variants in cases did not differ from those in controls. The means of blood pressure, BMI and waist-hip ratio did not differ among genotypes of the two polymorphisms and haplotypes. Among lipid profiles, only serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were significantly lower in T allele carders than that in non-T carriers after adjusting possible confounding factors （1.21 vs 1.32 mmol/L, P=0.0001）. Condusion Polymorphisms of 45T/G and 276G/T in APM1 gene are not associated with hypertension or obesity, or their clinical features in Chinese Han population. Common polymorphism of 45T/G might be associated with serum HDL-C levels in Chinese.展开更多
Background In China,lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity(PA).We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended P...Background In China,lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity(PA).We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level[150 minutes per week(min/wk)of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination]on incident cardiovascular disease(CVD)among Chinese population.Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for CVD events and its subtypes,including stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,and CVD death.Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years(range:6–15 years),777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed.Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline,the multivariable adjusted HR(95%CI)of developing CVD was 0.74(0.69–0.79)for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)level at baseline.Furthermore,the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA(Ptrend<0.001),and the HR(95%CI)of highly-active versus inactive category was 0.62(0.56–0.68).Compared with individuals who were inactive both at the baseline and follow-up,those keeping active over the period of follow-up had a substantial lower risk of incident CVD with the HR(95%CI)of 0.57(0.43–0.77).Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk.Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population.展开更多
Objective To study the association of the apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in Northern Chinese Han population. Methods XbaI and EcoRl polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B （APOB） gene ...Objective To study the association of the apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in Northern Chinese Han population. Methods XbaI and EcoRl polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B （APOB） gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and restriction fragment-length polymorphism （RFLP） method in 503 unrelated hypertensive patients and 490 healthy controls recruited from international collaborative study of cardiovascular disease in Asia （InterAsia）. Results The difference in the genotypic distributions could be neglected across the groups. The prevalence of X＋ allele in healthy controls （4.8%） was less frequent in Chinese, and there was no significant difference in the frequency of the X＋ allele between cases （5.7%） and controls （P=0.38）. The observed E- allele frequencies were closely similar among groups （5.9% in cases vs 5.0% in controls, P=0.39）. Logitstic regression analyses revealed that the lack of association still persisted after adjustment of other environmental factors. Haplotype analysis showed that X-E＋ was most frequent and no haplotype could significantly contribute to essential hypertension. Conclusion The APOB gene XbaI and EcoRI polymorphisms are not associated with essential hypertension in the Northern Chinese Han population. Future studies on single nucleotide polymorphisms in larger samples are needed to further investigate the possible contribution of the APOB gene to essential hypertension.展开更多
Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of i...Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of incident hypertension and longitudinal changes of blood pressure in a prospective cohort study.Methods We included 67,499 general Chinese adults from the Project of Prediction for Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).Information about soybean products consumption was collected by standardized questionnaires,and study participants were categorized into the ideal(≥125 g/day)or non-ideal(<125 g/day)group.Hazard ratios(HRs)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for incident hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Among participants with repeated measures of blood pressure,generalized linear models were used to examine the relationships between soybean products consumption and blood pressure changes.Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years,compared with participants who consumed<125 g of soybean products per day,multivariable adjusted HR for those in the ideal group was 0.73(0.67-0.80).This inverse association remained robust across most subgroups while significant interactions were tested between soybean products intake and age,sex,urbanization and geographic region(P values for interaction<0.05).The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 1.05(0.71-1.39)mmHg and 0.44(0.22-0.66)mmHg lower among participants in the ideal group than those in the non-ideal group.Conclusions Our study showed that intake of soybean products might reduce the long-term blood pressure levels and hypertension incidence among Chinese population,which has important public health implications for primary prevention of hypertension.展开更多
BACKGROUND Association between tea consumption and incident hypertension remains uncertain.This study conducted to examine the health effects of tea consumption on blood pressure progression and hypertension incidence...BACKGROUND Association between tea consumption and incident hypertension remains uncertain.This study conducted to examine the health effects of tea consumption on blood pressure progression and hypertension incidence.METHODS A population-based cohort of 38,913 Chinese participants without hypertension at baseline were included in the current study.Information on tea consumption was collected through standardized questionnaires.Associations of tea consump-tion with blood pressure progression and incident hypertension were analyzed using logistic regression models and Cox propor-tional hazards regression models,respectively.RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.9 years,17,657 individuals had experienced progression to a higher blood pressure stage and 5,935 individuals had developed hypertension.In multivariate analyses,habitual tea drinkers(≥3 times/week for at least six months)had a 17%lower risk for blood pressure progression[odds ratio(OR)=0.83,95%CI:0.79-0.88]and a 14%de-creased risk for incident hypertension[hazard ratio(HR)=0.86,95%CI:0.80-0.91]compared with non-habitual tea drinkers.In-dividuals in different baseline blood pressure groups could obtain similar benefit from habitual tea drinking.In terms of tea con-sumption amount,an inverse,linear dose-response relation between monthly consumption of tea leaves and risk of blood pres-sure progression was observed,while the risk of incident hypertension did not reduce further after consuming around 100 g of tea leaves per month.CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that habitual tea consumption could provide preventive effect against blood pres-sure progression and hypertension incidence.展开更多
OBJECTIVES Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to prevent hypertension according to the current guidelines.However,the degree to which the total physical activity(TPA)and its changes benefit normoten...OBJECTIVES Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to prevent hypertension according to the current guidelines.However,the degree to which the total physical activity(TPA)and its changes benefit normotensives and hypertensives is uncertain.We aimed to examine the effects of TPA and its changes on the incidence,progression,and remission of hypertension in the large-scale prospective cohorts.METHODS A total of 73,077 participants(55,101 normotensives and 17,976 hypertensives)were eligible for TPA analyses.During a mean follow-up of 7.16 years(394,038 person-years),12,211 hypertension cases were identified.TPA was estimated as metabolic equivalents and categorized into quartiles.Cox proportional hazards regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate associations of TPA and changes in TPA with incident hypertension and progression/remission of hypertension.RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile of TPA,normotensives at the third and the highest quartile had a decreased risk of incident hypertension,with hazard ratios(HRs)of 0.86[95%confidence interval(CI):0.81−0.91]and 0.81(95%CI:0.77−0.86),respectively.Hypertensives at the highest quartile of TPA demonstrated a decreased risk of progression of hypertension[odds ratio(OR)=0.87,95%CI:0.79−0.95],and an increased probability of hypertension remission(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.05−1.29).Moreover,getting active from a sedentary lifestyle during the follow-up period could reduce 25%(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.58−0.96)risk of incident hypertension,whereas those becoming sedentary did not achieve benefit from initially being active.CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that increasing and maintaining TPA levels could benefit normotensives,whereas higher TPA levels were needed to effectively control progression and improve remission of hypertension.Physical activity played undoubtedly an essential role in both primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.展开更多
Background:The association of milk intake with cardiovascular disease(CVD)and cause-specific mortality remained controversial and evidence among the Chinese population was limited.We aimed to study the relationship be...Background:The association of milk intake with cardiovascular disease(CVD)and cause-specific mortality remained controversial and evidence among the Chinese population was limited.We aimed to study the relationship between milk intake and CVDs among general Chinese adults.Methods::A total of 104,957 participants received questionnaire survey.Results of physical examination such as anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests during 2007 to 2008,demographic data and their information on milk intake were collected through standardized questionnaires.Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios(HRs)and their corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD incidence,cause-specific mortality and all-cause mortality related to milk intake.Restricted cubic splines(RCSs)were applied to examine dose-response associations.Results::Among the 91,757 participants with a median follow-up period of 5.8 years,we documented 3877 CVD cases and 4091 all-cause deaths.Compared with participants who never consumed milk,the multivariate-adjusted HRs(95%CIs)of CVD incidence for 1 to 150 g/day,151 to 299 g/day,and≥300 g/day were 0.94(0.86-1.03)(P>0.05),0.77(0.66-0.89)(P<0.05),and 0.59(0.40-0.89)(P<0.05),respectively;each 100 g increase of daily milk intake was associated with 11%lower risk of CVD incidence(HR,0.89;95%CI:0.85-0.94;P<0.001),and 11%lower risk of CVD mortality(HR,0.89;95%CI:0.82-0.97;P=0.008)after adjustment for age,sex,residential area,geographic region,education level,family history of CVD,smoking,alcohol drinking,physical activity level,body mass index,and healthy diet status(ideal or not).RCS analyses also showed a linear dose-response relationship with CVD(P for overall significance of the curve<0.001;P for non-linearity=0.979;P for linearity<0.001)and stroke(P for overall significance of the curve=0.010;P for non-linearity=0.998;P for linearity=0.002)incidence,and CVD mortality(P for overall significance of the curve=0.045;P for non-linearity=0.768;P for linearity=0.014)within the current range of daily milk intake.Conclusions::Daily milk intake was associated with lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality in a linear inverse relationship.The findings provide new evidence for dietary recommendations in CVD prevention among Chinese adults and people with similar dietary pattern in other countries.展开更多
Dietary potassium-supplementation has been associated with a decreased risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular outcomes.However,blood pressure(BP)responses to potassium supplementation vary among individuals.Thi...Dietary potassium-supplementation has been associated with a decreased risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular outcomes.However,blood pressure(BP)responses to potassium supplementation vary among individuals.This study was designed to examine the association between 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in the adducin 1 alpha(ADD1)and guanine nucleotide binding protein(G protein)beta polypeptide 3(GNB3)genes and systolic BP(SBP),diastolic BP(DBP),and mean arterial pressure(MAP)responses to potassium-supplementation.We conducted a 7-day high-sodium intervention(307.8 mmol sodium/day)followed by a 7-day high-sodium with potassium-supplementation(60 mmol potassium/day)among 1906 Han Chinese participants from rural north China.BP measurements were obtained at the end of each intervention period using a random-zero sphygmomanometer.We identified significant associations between ADD1 variant rs17833172 and SBP,DBP,and MAP responses to potassium-supplementation(all P<0.0001)that remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.In participants that were heterozygous or homozygous for the G allele of this marker,SBP,DBP,and MAP response to potassium-supplementation were–3.52(–3.82,–3.21),–1.41(–1.66,–1.15)and–2.12(–2.37,–1.87),respectively,as compared to the corresponding responses of 1.99(0.25,3.73),–0.65(–0.10,–0.21),and–0.23(–0.37,0.83),respectively,for those who were homozygous for A allele.In addition,participants with at least one copy of the G allele of rs12503220 of the ADD1 gene had significantly increased DBP and MAP response to potassium-supplementation(P=0.0041 and 0.01,respectively),which was also significant after correction for multiple testing.DBP and MAP responses to potassiumsupplementation were–1.36(–1.63,–1.10)and–2.07(–2.32,–1.82)for those with at least G allele compared to corresponding responses of 0.86(–0.68,2.40)and–0.45(–1.74,0.84)for those who were homozygous for A allele.In summary,our study identified novel associations between genetic variants of the ADD1 gene and BP response to potassium-supplementation,which could have important clinical and public health implications.Future studies aimed at replicating these novel findings are warranted.展开更多
Persistent slip band （PSB） is an important and typical microstructure generated during fatigue crack initiation. Intensive work has been done to investigate the mechanisms of the formation of persistent slip bands s...Persistent slip band （PSB） is an important and typical microstructure generated during fatigue crack initiation. Intensive work has been done to investigate the mechanisms of the formation of persistent slip bands since the 1950s when Wadsworth[1] observed the fatigue fracture in copper. Simulations have indicated that PSBs formation during fatigue crack initiation is related to the dislocation driving force and interaction. In this paper, a molecular dynamics （MD） simulation associated with embedded atom model （EAM） is applied to the PSBs formation in nickel-base superalloys with different microstructure and temperature under tensile- tensile loadings. Five MD models with different microstructure （pure 5/ phase and γ/γ＇ phase）, grain orientation （[1 0 0][0 1 0][0 0 1] and [1 1 1][1 0 1][1 2 1]） and simulation temperature （300 K, 600 K, 900 K） were built up in these simulations. Our results indicated that within the γ phase by massive dislocations, pile-up and propagation which can penetrate the grain. Also, it is found that the temperature will affect the material fatigue performance and blur PSBs appearance. The simulation results are in strong agreement with published experimental test result. This simulation is based on the work[2]. The highlights of the article include： 1） investigation of the PSB formation via molecular dynamics simulation with three different parameters, 2） conduct of a new deformation and velocity combination controlled simulation for the PSB formation, 3） high-performance computing of PSB formation, and 4） systematic analysis of the PSB formation at the atomic scale in which the dislocation plays a critical role.展开更多
A hydroxyapatite （HA） coating was achieved on H2O2-treated carbon/ carbon （C/C） composite through hydrothermally treating and induction heating deposited CaHPO4 coating in an ammonia solution under ultrasonic wate...A hydroxyapatite （HA） coating was achieved on H2O2-treated carbon/ carbon （C/C） composite through hydrothermally treating and induction heating deposited CaHPO4 coating in an ammonia solution under ultrasonic water bath. Then, this HA coating was placed in a NH4F solution and hydrothermally treated again to fabricate fluorinated hydroxyapatite （FHA） coatings for 24 h at 353, 373, 393 and 413 K, respectively. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of the HA and FHA coatings were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS and FTIR, and the adhesiveness and chemical stability of these FHA coatings were examined by a scratch test and an immersion test, respectively. The results showed that the as-prepared FHA coatings contained needle-like or stripe-like crystals, different from those of the HA coating. As the fluoridation temperature rose, the adhesiveness of the FHA coating first increased from 34.8 to 40.9 N at a temperature between 353 and 393 K, and then decreased to 24.2 N at 413 K, while the dissolution rate of the FHA coating decreased steadily. The reasons for the property variation of the FHA coatings were proposed by analyzing the morphology, composition and structure of the coatings.展开更多
The editorial staff and authors would like to make a correction to the published paper.1
There were some mistakes in the original version of the article in Fig. 4. The editorial staff and authors havecorrected the er...The editorial staff and authors would like to make a correction to the published paper.1
There were some mistakes in the original version of the article in Fig. 4. The editorial staff and authors havecorrected the errors as shown in the figure below. The figure legend does not need to be changed. The rest of themanuscript does not need to be changed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3180031332261123001)+1 种基金Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province (202301AT070378, 2019FB034)the “Light of West China” Program of the Chinese Academic of Sciences to J.-F.Huang。
文摘Hybridization plays a significant role in biological evolution. However, it is not clear whether ecological contingency differentially influences likelihood of hybridization, particularly at ecological margins where parental species may exhibit reduced fitnesses. Moreover, it is unknown whether future ecosystem change will increase the prevalence of hybridization. Ficus heterostyla and F. squamosa are closely related species co-distributed from southern Thailand to southwest China where hybridization, yielding viable seeds, has been documented. As a robust test of ecological factors driving hybridization, we investigated spatial hybridization signatures based on nuclear microsatellites from extensive population sampling across a widespread contact range. Both species showed high population differentiation and strong patterns of isolation by distance. Admixture estimates exposed asymmetric interspecific gene flow.Signatures of hybridization increase significantly towards higher latitude zones, peaking at the northern climatic margins. Geographic variation in reproductive phenology combined with ecologically challenging marginal habitats may promote this phenomenon. Our work is a first systematic evaluation of such patterns in a comprehensive, latitudinally-based clinal context, and indicates that tendency to hybridize appears strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Moreover, that future climate change scenarios will likely alter and possibly augment cases of hybridization at ecosystem scales.
基金The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Numbers:2021-I2M-1-010,2017-I2M-1-004,and 2019-I2M-2-003the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82030102,12126602the Research Unit of Prospective Cohort of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Numbers:2019RU038.
文摘BACKGROUND The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project(Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).METHODS A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors(LFs)(smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs). The risk advancement periods(RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) were also calculated.RESULTS A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1healthy LFs, maintaining 3–4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD(HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45–0.79)and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years(RAP:-6.31 [-9.92,-2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3–4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0%compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2to 3–4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD(HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.98).CONCLUSIONS Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.
文摘Objective To investigate whether the common variants 45T/G and 276G/T in APM1 gene were associated with hypertension combined with obesity （HO） and related clinical features in Chinese Han population. Methods A case-control study design was applied. Common polymorphisms of 45T/G and 276G/T were genotyped by PCR product sequencing in 484 cases with HO and 502 controls with normal blood presure and BMI 〈 25. Results The genotype and allele frequencies of 45T/G, 276G/T, and haplotype defined by the two variants in cases did not differ from those in controls. The means of blood pressure, BMI and waist-hip ratio did not differ among genotypes of the two polymorphisms and haplotypes. Among lipid profiles, only serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were significantly lower in T allele carders than that in non-T carriers after adjusting possible confounding factors （1.21 vs 1.32 mmol/L, P=0.0001）. Condusion Polymorphisms of 45T/G and 276G/T in APM1 gene are not associated with hypertension or obesity, or their clinical features in Chinese Han population. Common polymorphism of 45T/G might be associated with serum HDL-C levels in Chinese.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004 & 2019-I2M-2-003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017 YFC0211703 & 2018YFE0115300 & 2018YFC1311703 & 2017YFC0908401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643208)
文摘Background In China,lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity(PA).We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level[150 minutes per week(min/wk)of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination]on incident cardiovascular disease(CVD)among Chinese population.Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for CVD events and its subtypes,including stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,and CVD death.Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years(range:6–15 years),777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed.Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline,the multivariable adjusted HR(95%CI)of developing CVD was 0.74(0.69–0.79)for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)level at baseline.Furthermore,the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA(Ptrend<0.001),and the HR(95%CI)of highly-active versus inactive category was 0.62(0.56–0.68).Compared with individuals who were inactive both at the baseline and follow-up,those keeping active over the period of follow-up had a substantial lower risk of incident CVD with the HR(95%CI)of 0.57(0.43–0.77).Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk.Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population.
基金This work was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB503805)the Ministry of Science and Technology of The People’s Republic of China (No.2006AA02Z170,2006AA020706)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.7061006).
文摘Objective To study the association of the apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in Northern Chinese Han population. Methods XbaI and EcoRl polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B （APOB） gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and restriction fragment-length polymorphism （RFLP） method in 503 unrelated hypertensive patients and 490 healthy controls recruited from international collaborative study of cardiovascular disease in Asia （InterAsia）. Results The difference in the genotypic distributions could be neglected across the groups. The prevalence of X＋ allele in healthy controls （4.8%） was less frequent in Chinese, and there was no significant difference in the frequency of the X＋ allele between cases （5.7%） and controls （P=0.38）. The observed E- allele frequencies were closely similar among groups （5.9% in cases vs 5.0% in controls, P=0.39）. Logitstic regression analyses revealed that the lack of association still persisted after adjustment of other environmental factors. Haplotype analysis showed that X-E＋ was most frequent and no haplotype could significantly contribute to essential hypertension. Conclusion The APOB gene XbaI and EcoRI polymorphisms are not associated with essential hypertension in the Northern Chinese Han population. Future studies on single nucleotide polymorphisms in larger samples are needed to further investigate the possible contribution of the APOB gene to essential hypertension.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004,2019-I2M-2-003)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC0211700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91843302).The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
文摘Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of incident hypertension and longitudinal changes of blood pressure in a prospective cohort study.Methods We included 67,499 general Chinese adults from the Project of Prediction for Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).Information about soybean products consumption was collected by standardized questionnaires,and study participants were categorized into the ideal(≥125 g/day)or non-ideal(<125 g/day)group.Hazard ratios(HRs)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for incident hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Among participants with repeated measures of blood pressure,generalized linear models were used to examine the relationships between soybean products consumption and blood pressure changes.Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years,compared with participants who consumed<125 g of soybean products per day,multivariable adjusted HR for those in the ideal group was 0.73(0.67-0.80).This inverse association remained robust across most subgroups while significant interactions were tested between soybean products intake and age,sex,urbanization and geographic region(P values for interaction<0.05).The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 1.05(0.71-1.39)mmHg and 0.44(0.22-0.66)mmHg lower among participants in the ideal group than those in the non-ideal group.Conclusions Our study showed that intake of soybean products might reduce the long-term blood pressure levels and hypertension incidence among Chinese population,which has important public health implications for primary prevention of hypertension.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.91643208)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004&2019-I2M-2-003)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC0211700&2018YFE0115300)。
文摘BACKGROUND Association between tea consumption and incident hypertension remains uncertain.This study conducted to examine the health effects of tea consumption on blood pressure progression and hypertension incidence.METHODS A population-based cohort of 38,913 Chinese participants without hypertension at baseline were included in the current study.Information on tea consumption was collected through standardized questionnaires.Associations of tea consump-tion with blood pressure progression and incident hypertension were analyzed using logistic regression models and Cox propor-tional hazards regression models,respectively.RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.9 years,17,657 individuals had experienced progression to a higher blood pressure stage and 5,935 individuals had developed hypertension.In multivariate analyses,habitual tea drinkers(≥3 times/week for at least six months)had a 17%lower risk for blood pressure progression[odds ratio(OR)=0.83,95%CI:0.79-0.88]and a 14%de-creased risk for incident hypertension[hazard ratio(HR)=0.86,95%CI:0.80-0.91]compared with non-habitual tea drinkers.In-dividuals in different baseline blood pressure groups could obtain similar benefit from habitual tea drinking.In terms of tea con-sumption amount,an inverse,linear dose-response relation between monthly consumption of tea leaves and risk of blood pres-sure progression was observed,while the risk of incident hypertension did not reduce further after consuming around 100 g of tea leaves per month.CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that habitual tea consumption could provide preventive effect against blood pres-sure progression and hypertension incidence.
文摘OBJECTIVES Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to prevent hypertension according to the current guidelines.However,the degree to which the total physical activity(TPA)and its changes benefit normotensives and hypertensives is uncertain.We aimed to examine the effects of TPA and its changes on the incidence,progression,and remission of hypertension in the large-scale prospective cohorts.METHODS A total of 73,077 participants(55,101 normotensives and 17,976 hypertensives)were eligible for TPA analyses.During a mean follow-up of 7.16 years(394,038 person-years),12,211 hypertension cases were identified.TPA was estimated as metabolic equivalents and categorized into quartiles.Cox proportional hazards regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate associations of TPA and changes in TPA with incident hypertension and progression/remission of hypertension.RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile of TPA,normotensives at the third and the highest quartile had a decreased risk of incident hypertension,with hazard ratios(HRs)of 0.86[95%confidence interval(CI):0.81−0.91]and 0.81(95%CI:0.77−0.86),respectively.Hypertensives at the highest quartile of TPA demonstrated a decreased risk of progression of hypertension[odds ratio(OR)=0.87,95%CI:0.79−0.95],and an increased probability of hypertension remission(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.05−1.29).Moreover,getting active from a sedentary lifestyle during the follow-up period could reduce 25%(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.58−0.96)risk of incident hypertension,whereas those becoming sedentary did not achieve benefit from initially being active.CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that increasing and maintaining TPA levels could benefit normotensives,whereas higher TPA levels were needed to effectively control progression and improve remission of hypertension.Physical activity played undoubtedly an essential role in both primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Nos.2017-I2M-1-004,2019-I2M-2-003)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFC0211700 and 2018YFE0115300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91643208).
文摘Background:The association of milk intake with cardiovascular disease(CVD)and cause-specific mortality remained controversial and evidence among the Chinese population was limited.We aimed to study the relationship between milk intake and CVDs among general Chinese adults.Methods::A total of 104,957 participants received questionnaire survey.Results of physical examination such as anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests during 2007 to 2008,demographic data and their information on milk intake were collected through standardized questionnaires.Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios(HRs)and their corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD incidence,cause-specific mortality and all-cause mortality related to milk intake.Restricted cubic splines(RCSs)were applied to examine dose-response associations.Results::Among the 91,757 participants with a median follow-up period of 5.8 years,we documented 3877 CVD cases and 4091 all-cause deaths.Compared with participants who never consumed milk,the multivariate-adjusted HRs(95%CIs)of CVD incidence for 1 to 150 g/day,151 to 299 g/day,and≥300 g/day were 0.94(0.86-1.03)(P>0.05),0.77(0.66-0.89)(P<0.05),and 0.59(0.40-0.89)(P<0.05),respectively;each 100 g increase of daily milk intake was associated with 11%lower risk of CVD incidence(HR,0.89;95%CI:0.85-0.94;P<0.001),and 11%lower risk of CVD mortality(HR,0.89;95%CI:0.82-0.97;P=0.008)after adjustment for age,sex,residential area,geographic region,education level,family history of CVD,smoking,alcohol drinking,physical activity level,body mass index,and healthy diet status(ideal or not).RCS analyses also showed a linear dose-response relationship with CVD(P for overall significance of the curve<0.001;P for non-linearity=0.979;P for linearity<0.001)and stroke(P for overall significance of the curve=0.010;P for non-linearity=0.998;P for linearity=0.002)incidence,and CVD mortality(P for overall significance of the curve=0.045;P for non-linearity=0.768;P for linearity=0.014)within the current range of daily milk intake.Conclusions::Daily milk intake was associated with lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality in a linear inverse relationship.The findings provide new evidence for dietary recommendations in CVD prevention among Chinese adults and people with similar dietary pattern in other countries.
基金supported by research grants(Nos.U01HL072507,R01HL087263,and R01HL090682)from the National Heart,LungBlood Institute,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD.Upsher-Smith Laboratories,Maple Grove,MN,has provided Klor-Con M20 potassium tablets for the GenSalt study.
文摘Dietary potassium-supplementation has been associated with a decreased risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular outcomes.However,blood pressure(BP)responses to potassium supplementation vary among individuals.This study was designed to examine the association between 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in the adducin 1 alpha(ADD1)and guanine nucleotide binding protein(G protein)beta polypeptide 3(GNB3)genes and systolic BP(SBP),diastolic BP(DBP),and mean arterial pressure(MAP)responses to potassium-supplementation.We conducted a 7-day high-sodium intervention(307.8 mmol sodium/day)followed by a 7-day high-sodium with potassium-supplementation(60 mmol potassium/day)among 1906 Han Chinese participants from rural north China.BP measurements were obtained at the end of each intervention period using a random-zero sphygmomanometer.We identified significant associations between ADD1 variant rs17833172 and SBP,DBP,and MAP responses to potassium-supplementation(all P<0.0001)that remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.In participants that were heterozygous or homozygous for the G allele of this marker,SBP,DBP,and MAP response to potassium-supplementation were–3.52(–3.82,–3.21),–1.41(–1.66,–1.15)and–2.12(–2.37,–1.87),respectively,as compared to the corresponding responses of 1.99(0.25,3.73),–0.65(–0.10,–0.21),and–0.23(–0.37,0.83),respectively,for those who were homozygous for A allele.In addition,participants with at least one copy of the G allele of rs12503220 of the ADD1 gene had significantly increased DBP and MAP response to potassium-supplementation(P=0.0041 and 0.01,respectively),which was also significant after correction for multiple testing.DBP and MAP responses to potassiumsupplementation were–1.36(–1.63,–1.10)and–2.07(–2.32,–1.82)for those with at least G allele compared to corresponding responses of 0.86(–0.68,2.40)and–0.45(–1.74,0.84)for those who were homozygous for A allele.In summary,our study identified novel associations between genetic variants of the ADD1 gene and BP response to potassium-supplementation,which could have important clinical and public health implications.Future studies aimed at replicating these novel findings are warranted.
基金supported by School of Engineering and Built Environment,Glasgow Caledonian University,National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51405044,51105061 and 11472075)the EPSRC funded ARCHIE-WESt high-performance computer(www.archie-west.ac.uk)(No.EP/K000586/1)
文摘Persistent slip band （PSB） is an important and typical microstructure generated during fatigue crack initiation. Intensive work has been done to investigate the mechanisms of the formation of persistent slip bands since the 1950s when Wadsworth[1] observed the fatigue fracture in copper. Simulations have indicated that PSBs formation during fatigue crack initiation is related to the dislocation driving force and interaction. In this paper, a molecular dynamics （MD） simulation associated with embedded atom model （EAM） is applied to the PSBs formation in nickel-base superalloys with different microstructure and temperature under tensile- tensile loadings. Five MD models with different microstructure （pure 5/ phase and γ/γ＇ phase）, grain orientation （[1 0 0][0 1 0][0 0 1] and [1 1 1][1 0 1][1 2 1]） and simulation temperature （300 K, 600 K, 900 K） were built up in these simulations. Our results indicated that within the γ phase by massive dislocations, pile-up and propagation which can penetrate the grain. Also, it is found that the temperature will affect the material fatigue performance and blur PSBs appearance. The simulation results are in strong agreement with published experimental test result. This simulation is based on the work[2]. The highlights of the article include： 1） investigation of the PSB formation via molecular dynamics simulation with three different parameters, 2） conduct of a new deformation and velocity combination controlled simulation for the PSB formation, 3） high-performance computing of PSB formation, and 4） systematic analysis of the PSB formation at the atomic scale in which the dislocation plays a critical role.
文摘A hydroxyapatite （HA） coating was achieved on H2O2-treated carbon/ carbon （C/C） composite through hydrothermally treating and induction heating deposited CaHPO4 coating in an ammonia solution under ultrasonic water bath. Then, this HA coating was placed in a NH4F solution and hydrothermally treated again to fabricate fluorinated hydroxyapatite （FHA） coatings for 24 h at 353, 373, 393 and 413 K, respectively. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of the HA and FHA coatings were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS and FTIR, and the adhesiveness and chemical stability of these FHA coatings were examined by a scratch test and an immersion test, respectively. The results showed that the as-prepared FHA coatings contained needle-like or stripe-like crystals, different from those of the HA coating. As the fluoridation temperature rose, the adhesiveness of the FHA coating first increased from 34.8 to 40.9 N at a temperature between 353 and 393 K, and then decreased to 24.2 N at 413 K, while the dissolution rate of the FHA coating decreased steadily. The reasons for the property variation of the FHA coatings were proposed by analyzing the morphology, composition and structure of the coatings.
文摘The editorial staff and authors would like to make a correction to the published paper.1
There were some mistakes in the original version of the article in Fig. 4. The editorial staff and authors havecorrected the errors as shown in the figure below. The figure legend does not need to be changed. The rest of themanuscript does not need to be changed.
