荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是植物分子细胞遗传学研究最为重要的手段之一。近些年,基于参考基因组设计的低拷贝寡聚核苷酸探针在FISH中应用得越来越广泛。然而,由于植物基因组中分布大量的重复序列,这...荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是植物分子细胞遗传学研究最为重要的手段之一。近些年,基于参考基因组设计的低拷贝寡聚核苷酸探针在FISH中应用得越来越广泛。然而,由于植物基因组中分布大量的重复序列,这使得oligo-FISH的分辨率存在一定局限性。利用包含多个荧光基团的荧光PCR引物,扩增出甘蔗染色体特异oligo探针,并进一步优化甘蔗的荧光原位杂交体系,提高了甘蔗oligo探针识别近缘物种染色体的效率。通过开发多荧光标记的甘蔗oligo探针以及甘蔗荧光杂交体系的优化,有效拓宽荧光信号的最小分辨率,提高信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR),并成功基于甘蔗oligo探针对高粱1-10号染色体分型。多荧光标记引物增强oligo探针信号的新方法及FISH体系的优化为今后在其他物种中提高oligo-FISH鉴定染色体及捕捉微弱的荧光信号提供了参考。展开更多
For the purpose of understanding the weathering characteristics of surface layers in purple mudstone sloping fields of the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China, oxide content of major elements, composition of clay min...For the purpose of understanding the weathering characteristics of surface layers in purple mudstone sloping fields of the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China, oxide content of major elements, composition of clay minerals, magnetic susceptibility, and difference in weathering characteristics of surface layers under different slope gradients were determined. The results showed that the oxide content of Si, Al, and Fe ranged from 60% to 75% and the weathering coefficient with depth showed no trend along the slope gradient. Also, for gentle (10° and 15°) and intermediate (25° and 40°) slopes the clay relative diffraction peak for kaolinite at the surface between 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm declined with an increase in slope gradient, while the relative diffraction peak for kaolinite in weathered layers on steep slopes (50° and 60°) disappeared altogether. Magnetic susceptibility decreased with increasing depth and, for a given depth layer, decreased with an increase in slope gradient. Analysis of the oxide content, weathering coefficients, clay minerals, and magnetic susceptibility showed that in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the pedogenesis of the weathering layer in purple mudstone sloping fields was weak with weaker soil formation going from gentle slope to steep slope.展开更多
Wind and sand control are important factors in combating desertification and protecting oases.An oasis protective system can provide these benefits,but quantitative research on protection effects has been lacking to d...Wind and sand control are important factors in combating desertification and protecting oases.An oasis protective system can provide these benefits,but quantitative research on protection effects has been lacking to date.This research describes an oasis protective system in the southeastern border of the Tengger Desert.The system consists of a sand barrier belt,a shrub and herbaceous plant belt,and a farmland shelter belt.The system was compared to a bare dunes area as the control zone.The study investigated windproof effect,sediment transport,and erosion through field observations.Results showed that the roughness of the shrub and herbaceous plant belt,farmland shelter belt,and sand barrier belt were increased compared with bare dunes.The shrub and herbaceous plant belt provided the highest windproof effect values for the same wind velocity measurement height,and the windproof effect values for different protective belts were as follows:shrub and herbaceous plant belt>farmland shelter belt>sand barrier belt.The sand barrier belt provided effective wind and sand control at heights from 0 to 50 cm above the ground.The total sediment transport for each protective belt is as follows:bare dunes>sand barrier belt>shrub and herbaceous plant belt>farmland shelter belt.The sediment transport decreased exponentially as the height increased.In the bare dunes and protective systems,the sediment transport is mainly within 30 cm of the ground surface.The wind erosion intensity for this protective system was as follows:bare dunes>sand barrier belt>shrub and herbaceous plant belt>farmland shelter belt.This research offers quantitative evidence for how oasis protective systems can effectively intercept sand and prevent erosion in oases.The results of this study can be applied in similar regions.展开更多
文摘荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是植物分子细胞遗传学研究最为重要的手段之一。近些年,基于参考基因组设计的低拷贝寡聚核苷酸探针在FISH中应用得越来越广泛。然而,由于植物基因组中分布大量的重复序列,这使得oligo-FISH的分辨率存在一定局限性。利用包含多个荧光基团的荧光PCR引物,扩增出甘蔗染色体特异oligo探针,并进一步优化甘蔗的荧光原位杂交体系,提高了甘蔗oligo探针识别近缘物种染色体的效率。通过开发多荧光标记的甘蔗oligo探针以及甘蔗荧光杂交体系的优化,有效拓宽荧光信号的最小分辨率,提高信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR),并成功基于甘蔗oligo探针对高粱1-10号染色体分型。多荧光标记引物增强oligo探针信号的新方法及FISH体系的优化为今后在其他物种中提高oligo-FISH鉴定染色体及捕捉微弱的荧光信号提供了参考。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40272126)the Nanjing University Startup Foundation for Young Scholar (No. 0209005116).
文摘For the purpose of understanding the weathering characteristics of surface layers in purple mudstone sloping fields of the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China, oxide content of major elements, composition of clay minerals, magnetic susceptibility, and difference in weathering characteristics of surface layers under different slope gradients were determined. The results showed that the oxide content of Si, Al, and Fe ranged from 60% to 75% and the weathering coefficient with depth showed no trend along the slope gradient. Also, for gentle (10° and 15°) and intermediate (25° and 40°) slopes the clay relative diffraction peak for kaolinite at the surface between 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm declined with an increase in slope gradient, while the relative diffraction peak for kaolinite in weathered layers on steep slopes (50° and 60°) disappeared altogether. Magnetic susceptibility decreased with increasing depth and, for a given depth layer, decreased with an increase in slope gradient. Analysis of the oxide content, weathering coefficients, clay minerals, and magnetic susceptibility showed that in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the pedogenesis of the weathering layer in purple mudstone sloping fields was weak with weaker soil formation going from gentle slope to steep slope.
基金sponsored as a sub-project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China-Desertification Land Management and Sand Industry Technology Research and Development and Demonstration in Inner Mongolia Desertification Area,named Key Techniques and Demonstration of Sand Damage Control in Oasis and Saline-alkali Lake(2016YFC0501003)Central Government’s Special Fund for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development:Inner Mongolia Desertification Control and Innovation Research Center
文摘Wind and sand control are important factors in combating desertification and protecting oases.An oasis protective system can provide these benefits,but quantitative research on protection effects has been lacking to date.This research describes an oasis protective system in the southeastern border of the Tengger Desert.The system consists of a sand barrier belt,a shrub and herbaceous plant belt,and a farmland shelter belt.The system was compared to a bare dunes area as the control zone.The study investigated windproof effect,sediment transport,and erosion through field observations.Results showed that the roughness of the shrub and herbaceous plant belt,farmland shelter belt,and sand barrier belt were increased compared with bare dunes.The shrub and herbaceous plant belt provided the highest windproof effect values for the same wind velocity measurement height,and the windproof effect values for different protective belts were as follows:shrub and herbaceous plant belt>farmland shelter belt>sand barrier belt.The sand barrier belt provided effective wind and sand control at heights from 0 to 50 cm above the ground.The total sediment transport for each protective belt is as follows:bare dunes>sand barrier belt>shrub and herbaceous plant belt>farmland shelter belt.The sediment transport decreased exponentially as the height increased.In the bare dunes and protective systems,the sediment transport is mainly within 30 cm of the ground surface.The wind erosion intensity for this protective system was as follows:bare dunes>sand barrier belt>shrub and herbaceous plant belt>farmland shelter belt.This research offers quantitative evidence for how oasis protective systems can effectively intercept sand and prevent erosion in oases.The results of this study can be applied in similar regions.
