锂玻璃探测器^(6)Li原子数标定

在聚变包层中子学性能的实验检验中,造氚率是重要的测量参数之一,探测器中^(6)Li原子数目作为计算造氚率的归一化因子,是决定测量结果精度的关键因素,必须进行精确标定。对^(6)Li原子数标定原理、实验配置及过程、不确定度量化方法进行具体介绍,并首次在中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)的M5水平孔道以锗单晶单色器获得32.36 meV中子对小型锂玻璃探测器中^(6)Li原子数进行了标定,不确定度为2.62%。

High photoelectric conversion efficiency and fast relaxation time of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3) applied in ultrafast modulation of terahertz waves

Active control of terahertz(THz)waves is attracting tremendous attentions in terahertz communications and active photonic devices.Perovskite,due to its excellent photoelectric conversion performance and simple manufacturing process,has emerged as a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications.However,the exploration of perovskites in optically controlled THz modulators is still limited.In this work,the photoelectric properties and carrier dynamics of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)perovskite films were investigated by optical pumped terahertz probe(OPTP)system.The ultrafast carrier dynamics reveal that FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)thin film exhibits rapid switching and relaxation time within picosecond level,suggesting that FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)is an ideal candidate for active THz devices with ultrafast response.Furthermore,as a proof of concept,a FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)-based metadevice with integrating plasma-induced transparency(PIT)effect was fabricated to achieve ultrafast modulation of THz wave.The experimental results demonstrated that the switching time of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)-based THz modulator is near to 3.5 ps,and the threshold of optical pump is as low as 12.7μJ cm^(-2).The simulation results attribute the mechanism of ultrafast THz modulation to photo-induced free carriers in the FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)layer,which progressively shorten the capacitive gap of PIT resonator.This study not only illuminates the potential of FA_(0.4)MA_(0.6)PbI_(3)in THz modulation,but also contributes to the field of ultrafast photonic devices.

近20年人参治疗失眠的研究:基于VOSviewer、CiteSpace和Bibliometrix的文献计量学分析

目的:通过文献计量学分析,研究人参治疗失眠的历史与未来趋势。方法:检索近20年来国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中关于人参治疗失眠的文献,使用可视化分析工具进行发文量、作者、机构、国家、期刊、资助基金、关键词和被引频次等方面的分析。结果:纳入434篇中英文文献,其中中文364篇,英文70篇;发文总量最高的年份是2021年;最多发文的作者是滕晶;发文最多的期刊是《中医临床研究》和《JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH》;发文最多的机构是山东中医药大学;热点关键词是“归脾汤”“心脾两虚证”“GABA受体”等;被引最多的文献是Zhao、Fang等发表的人参治疗失眠通路机制的研究。结论:人参治疗失眠的研究呈增长趋势,未来将重点研究临床观察、作用机制和相关通路,为该领域的研究提供方法和思路。

Optical design of the time-resolved ARPES beamline of the new material spectroscopy experimental station for the update of CAEP THz-FEL facility

The Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics Terahertz Free Electron Laser Facility(CAEP THz FEL,CTFEL)is the only high-average power free electron laser terahertz source based on superconducting accelerators in China.The update of the CTFEL is now undergoing and will expand the frequency range from 0.1–4.2 THz to 0.1–125 THz.Two experimental stations for material spectroscopy and biomedicine will be built.A high harmonic generation(HHG)lightsource based beamline at the material spectroscopy experimental station for time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)research will be constructed and the optical design is presented.The HHG lightsource covers the extreme ultraviolet(XUV)photon energy range of 20–50 eV.A Czerny–Turner monochromator with two plane gratings worked in conical diffraction configuration is employed to maintain the transmission efficiency and preserve the pulse time duration.The calculated beamline transmission efficiency is better than 5%in the whole photon energy range.To our knowledge,this is the first time in China to combine THz-infrared FEL with HHG light source,and this experimental station will be a powerful and effective instrument that will give new research opportunities in the future for users doing research on the dynamic evolution of the excited electron band structure of a material’s surface.

Research on Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Based on Improved Two-Layer Optimization Algorithm

To improve the productivity,the resource utilization and reduce the production cost of flexible job shops,this paper designs an improved two-layer optimization algorithm for the dual-resource scheduling optimization problem of flexible job shop considering workpiece batching.Firstly,a mathematical model is established to minimize the maximum completion time.Secondly,an improved two-layer optimization algorithm is designed:the outer layer algorithm uses an improved PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization)to solve the workpiece batching problem,and the inner layer algorithm uses an improved GA(Genetic Algorithm)to solve the dual-resource scheduling problem.Then,a rescheduling method is designed to solve the task disturbance problem,represented by machine failures,occurring in the workshop production process.Finally,the superiority and effectiveness of the improved two-layer optimization algorithm are verified by two typical cases.The case results show that the improved two-layer optimization algorithm increases the average productivity by 7.44% compared to the ordinary two-layer optimization algorithm.By setting the different numbers of AGVs(Automated Guided Vehicles)and analyzing the impact on the production cycle of the whole order,this paper uses two indicators,the maximum completion time decreasing rate and the average AGV load time,to obtain the optimal number of AGVs,which saves the cost of production while ensuring the production efficiency.This research combines the solved problem with the real production process,which improves the productivity and reduces the production cost of the flexible job shop,and provides new ideas for the subsequent research.

3D printing of flexible piezoelectric composite with integrated sensing and actuation applications

3D printing of flexible piezoelectric composites(3D-FPCs)is increasingly attracting the attention due to its unique advantage for customized smart applications.However,current research mainly focuses on the 0-3 piezoelectric composites,in which the piezoelectric ceramics are embedded in polymer matrix in the form of particles.The poor connectivity between particles much reduces the conduction of strain and charge in the composites,seriously limiting its application in actuation.In this work,a continuous lead zirconate titanate(PZT)double-layer ceramic scaffold was prepared by 3D printing and assembled with epoxy resin and interdigital electrodes together to manufacture a multifunctional device.The 3D-FPCs exhibit a free strain of 1830 ppm in actuating and are able to actuate a stainless-steel cantilever beam to produce a tip displacement of 5.71 mm.Additionally,the devices exhibit a sensitivity of 26.81V/g in sensing applications.Furthermore,3D-FPCs are demonstrated as actuators for mobile small robots and wearable sensors for sensing joint activities.

基于移动学习模式的独立学院大学英语听说教学改革实践探究——以“VOA Special English”为例

"微媒体时代"背景下,将移动学习模式引入到独立学院的大学英语教学,可以培养符合时代发展需求的高素质应用型综合人才。学生利用碎片化时间,利用"VOA Special English"手机App进行移动学习最新的新闻英语听力,练习口语表达。该软件的互动性、时效性及纯正规范的发音能激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生自主学习能力,从而提高学生综合听说能力。

亲水亲油平衡固相萃取小柱结合气相色谱-串联质谱法测定大果木姜子药材中禁用农药残留

目的建立检测大果木姜子药材中禁用农药残留量的亲水亲油平衡(HLB)固相萃取小柱结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法。方法样品经正己烷-乙腈-饱和氯化钠水溶液三相分配除去部分杂质,农药组分转移至乙腈提取液中,以加强型HLB固相萃取小柱净化,采用GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定,以基质内标法定量。结果大果木姜子药材中禁用农药残留物在各自质量浓度范围内与待测成分峰面积/内标峰面积线性关系良好(R2>0.99,n=6);在3个添加水平下,平均回收率为61.80%~125.53%,RSD为1.90%~14.77%(n=6)。15批大果木姜子药材中均未检出禁用农药残留。结论该方法操作简便、准确性和重复性好,可用于大果木姜子药材中禁用农药残留量的测定。

Screening for Plant Toxins in Honey and Herbal Beverage by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

The standards of plant toxins were separated by a C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid/water (V/V) and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (V/V) as mobile phase and acquired by ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOF MS) in positive ion mode. A database of 308 plant toxins including retention time, collision cross-section (CCS) and its fragment ions was established. Honey dissolved in water or herbal beverage was extracted by acetonitrile and purified with PSA sorbent, and then acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography IM-QTOFMS. The acquired data were processed by comparing with the database we established to confirm the target compounds. The average recoveries for samples at two levels ranged from 60.6% - 120.1%, with relative standard deviation (n = 6) less than 25%. The limit of quantitation for plant toxins ranged from 1 - 20 μg/kg. The developed screening method was used in determination of honey, herbal beverage and honey flavored tea beverage samples. The results showed that berberine was detected in one honey with 1 μg/kg and caffeine was present in some beverages with the concentration from 200 and 5500 μg/kg. This method could meet the requirement for rapid screening of plant toxins in honey and herbal beverage. It can be used for the quality control of honey and herbal beverage in enterprises or quality inspection departments. It also can be used in the rapid screening of food poisoning.

面向区块链漏洞知识库的大模型增强知识图谱问答模型

大语言模型(LLM)在专业领域特别是区块链漏洞领域应用时存在局限性,如专业术语噪声干扰和细粒度信息过重导致理解不足。为此,构建一种面向区块链漏洞知识库的增强型知识图谱问答模型(LMBK_KG)。通过整合大模型和知识图谱来增强知识表示和理解能力,同时利用多粒度语义信息进行专业问题的过滤和精准匹配。研究方法包括使用集成的多粒度语义信息和知识图谱来过滤专业术语噪声,以及采用大模型生成的回答与专业知识图谱进行结构化匹配和验证,以提高模型的鲁棒性和安全性。实验结果表明,所提出的模型在区块链漏洞领域问答的准确率比单独使用大模型提高26%。

单肺通气致肺损伤的机制及保护策略研究进展

单肺通气(OLV)是临床常见的一种通气技术,能够有效隔离患侧肺,实现对非手术侧肺通气的目的。目前,OLV广泛应用于各类大型手术中,有效提高了手术的有效性与安全性。但OLV在应用过程中易造成肺损伤,常见的肺损伤类型有肺不张损伤、灌注性肺损伤、氧化应激肺损伤、手术操作致肺损伤、高容量肺损伤,多种类型的肺损伤发病机制具有复杂性,根据肺损伤机制临床可制定吸入合适的氧浓度、选择有效的通气模式、潮气量、持续正压气道、呼气末正压等一系列肺保护策略,能够逐步提高氧合功能,减轻肺损伤,加速肺损伤组织的修复。

MRI-DTI成像对甲状腺相关眼病诊断及病情分级的价值

目的 观察磁共振成像-弥散张量成像(MRIDTI)成像在甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)的诊断及病情分级中的应用价值。方法 选取2022年2月至2024年2月于本院治疗的轻度TAO患者27例(55眼)、中重度TAO患者31例(50眼),共58例(105眼)作为TAO组,另外选择健康志愿者30例作为健康对照组,对两组患者进行眼眶MRI-DTI检查,分别测量患者患眼的内直肌与外直肌DTI技术参数等数据。比较两组患者的MRIDTI定量参数,采用logisti c回归分析TAO组患者MRI-DTI定量参数与TAO的关系,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析MRI-DTI参数诊断TAO的价值,并分析其与病情分级的关系。结果 TAO组内、外直肌各向异性分数(FA)值明显低于对照组(P<0.05),内外直肌表观扩散系数(ADC)值、泪腺长径、泪腺短径、泪腺与同侧颞肌信号强度比(SIR)与眶内脂肪厚度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,内外直肌DTI(FA、ADC)参数、泪腺短径、SIR是TAO发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,内外直肌FA、ADC、泪腺短径、SIR对于TAO均有一定诊断价值,其中内直肌ADC值诊断效能最佳,其曲线下面积为0.796,敏感度为63.81%,特异度86.67%。中重度TAO组相比于轻度TAO组,内、外直肌FA值明显下降(P<0.05),内外直肌ADC、泪腺短径与SIR均有明显升高(P<0.05)。结论MRI-DTI成像定量参数如内外直肌FA、ADC、泪腺短径、 SIR对TAO诊断均有重要价值,且与病情分级密切相关。

基于近代史料的黄梅戏源流问题重考

现有近代史料仍支持黄梅戏的起源是湖北黄梅。基于“黄梅戏”“采茶调”“采茶戏”“黄梅腔”“黄梅调”等关键词,考查近代史料发现:“黄梅戏”一词最早见于1921年《宿松县志》;“采茶调”一词最早见于明代王云凤的诗,描绘的是陕西西安的民风,近代则最早见于1918年天津《益世报》;“采茶戏”最早出现在1818年嘉庆版《石门县志》;“黄梅腔”最早在1935年天津《北洋画报》中出现;“黄梅调”的新闻最早见于1879年《申报》。从相关史料可推断出,黄梅戏大约在1875-1879年传入安徽,名为“采茶小戏”或“黄梅戏”。“黄梅调”最早于1879年开始在安庆城外表演,1918年安庆城外始有戏园表演,1922年安庆城内始有戏班上演;“採茶戏”最早于1887年在江西九江城外上演。史料中关于黄梅戏的称呼多为“淫戏”,屡遭禁演但屡禁不绝。相比安徽其他城市,安庆城是最早接纳黄梅戏之地。黄梅戏从安庆开始快速发展,逐渐摆脱过去乡村酬神模式,成为新的戏曲形式。

Effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the recovery of upper limb motor dysfunction in patients with subacute cerebral infarction

Studies have confirmed that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can decrease the activity of cortical neurons, and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can increase the excitability of cortical neurons. However, there are few studies concerning the use of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the recovery of upper-limb motor function after cerebral infarction. We hypothesized that different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with cerebral infarction would produce different effects on the recovery of upper-limb motor function. This study enrolled 127 patients with upper-limb dysfunction during the subacute phase of cerebral infarction. These patients were randomly assigned to three groups. The low-frequency group comprised 42 patients who were treated with 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the contralateral hemisphere primary motor cortex （M1）. The high-frequency group comprised 43 patients who were treated with 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on ipsilateral M1. Finally, the sham group comprised 42 patients who were treated with 10 Hz of false stimulation on ipsilateral M1. A total of 135 seconds of stimulation was applied in the sham group and high-frequency group. At 2 weeks after treatment, cortical latency of motor-evoked potentials and central motor conduction time were significantly lower compared with before treatment. Moreover, motor function scores were significantly improved. The above indices for the low- and high-frequency groups were significantly different compared with the sham group. However, there was no significant difference between the low- and high-frequency groups. The results show that low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can similarly improve upper-limb motor function in patients with cerebral infarction.

Be^+离子和Li原子极化率和超极化率的理论研究

利用相对论模型势方法计算了Be^+离子和Li原子的波函数、能级和振子强度,进一步得到了基态的电偶极极化率和超极化率,并详细地分析了不同中间态对基态超极化率的贡献.对于Be^+离子,电偶极极化率和超极化率与已有的理论结果符合得非常好.对于Li原子,电偶极极化率与已有的理论结果符合得很好,但是不同理论方法计算给出的超极化率差别非常大,最大的差别超过了一个数量级.通过分析不同中间态对Li原子基态超极化率的贡献,解释了不同理论结果之间有较大差异的原因.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of various botulinum toxin A doses and concentrations in spastic foot after stroke: a randomized controlled trial

No recommended guidelines currently exist for the therapeutic concentration or dose of botulinum toxin type A （BTXA） injected into the muscle to treat limb spasticity. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we explored the safety and efficacy of two concentrations and two doses of BTXA in the treatment of spastic toot after stroke to optimize this treatment in these patients. Eligible patients （n = 104） were randomized into four groups. The triceps surae and tibialis posterior on the affected side were injected with BTXA at one of two doses （200 U or 400 U） and two concentrations （50 U/mL or 100 U/mL）. 2he following assessments were conducted before as well as 4 days and 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment： spasticity, assessed using the modified Ashworth scale; basic functional mobility, assessed using a timed up and go test; pace, assessed using a 10-meter timed walking test; and the ability to walk, assessed using Holden＇s graded scale and a visual analog scale. The reported results are based on the 89 patients that completed the study. We found significant differences for the two doses and concentrations of BTXA to improve the ability of patients to walk independently, with the high-dose/low-concentration combination providing the best effect. Onset and duration of the ameliorating effects of BTXA were 4-7 days and 12 weeks, respectively. Thus, BTXA effectively treated foot spasms after stroke at an optimal dose of 400 U and concentration of 50 U/mL.

A study protocol of population-based cancer screening cohort study on esophageal,stomach and liver cancer in rural China

Objective:National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China collaborated with many ministries and commissions government and initiated a population-based cancer screening program in high-risk area of rural China,targeting three types of cancer that are most prevalent in these areas,including esophageal,stomach and liver cancer.This study protocol was reported to show the design and evaluate the effectiveness of cancer screening and appropriate screening strategies of three cancers in rural China.Methods and analysis:A two-step design with cancer risk assessment based on questionnaire interview,Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)test strip and subsequent clinical intervention for high-risk populations was adopted&ee of charge at the local hospitals designated in the program.Ethic and dissemination:This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.The results will evaluate the effectiveness of cancer screening and appropriate screening strategies in rural China.

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. in vitro and in vivo

AIM: To investigate the bactericidal effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.(CAL) against Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: For in vitro experiments, the inhibitory activity of CAL was tested using an agar dilution method; H.pylori strain NCTC11637 was incubated on Columbia blood agar plates containing serial concentrations of CAL.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined by the absence of H.pylori colonies on the agar plate.Time-kill curves were used to evaluate bactericidal activity; the average number of colonies was calculated at 0, 2, 8 and 24 h after liquid incubation with concentrations of CAL at 0.5, 1, and 2 × MIC.For in vivo experiments, H.pylori-infected mice were randomly divided into CAL, triple therapy(lansoprazole, metronidazole, and clarithromycin), blank control, or H.pylori control groups.The eradication ratios were determined by positive findings from rapid urease tests(RUTs) and by histopathology.RESULTS: In vitro, the MIC of CAL against H.pylori was 16 mg/L.The time-kill curves showed a stable and persistent decreasing tendency with increasing CAL concentration, and the intensity of the bactericidal effect was proportional to dose; the 1 and 2 × MIC completely inhibited the growth of H.pylori at 24 h.In vivo, the eradication ratios in the CAL group were60%(6/10) by RUT and 50%(5/10) by histopathology.Ratios in the triple therapy group were both 70%(7/10), and there was no difference between the CAL and triple therapy groups.Histopathologic evaluation revealed massive bacterial colonization on the surface of gastric mucosa and slight infiltration of mononuclear cells after inoculation with H.pylori, but no obvious inflammation or other pathologic changes in gastric mucosa of mice from CAL and triple therapy groups.CONCLUSION: CAL demonstrates effective bactericidal activity against H.pylori both in vitro and in vivo.

系统性红斑狼疮患者应用靶向B细胞治疗后发生中枢神经系统病变文献病例分析

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者经靶向B淋巴细胞生物制剂治疗后发生中枢神经系统不良反应的临床特征。方法检索国内外相关数据库(截至2023年5月),收集系统性红斑狼疮患者经贝利尤单抗、利妥昔单抗治疗后发生中枢神经系统病变的病例报告类文献,提取患者的基本信息、贝利尤单抗或利妥昔单抗用药情况(用法用量、单用或联用、联用方案等)、中枢神经系统病变发生时间、临床表现、影像学特征、临床治疗及转归等,并进行描述统计分析。结果检索到进行性多灶性脑白质病(PML)患者14例,发病年龄(50.71±11.45)岁;可逆性后部脑病综合征(PRES)患者24例,发病年龄(30.67±14.93)岁。纳入有详细病例报道的患者共7例,7例患者均未合并HIV感染、恶性肿瘤及其他自身免疫性疾病。7例患者均经磁共振检查确诊,均未行脑组织活检。临床表现:癫痫5例,视物模糊或视力丧失3例,构音障碍或失语2例,头痛2例,昏迷1例,血压升高4例。最终7例患者中1例死亡。结论应用靶向B细胞治疗后,SLE患者中枢神经系统副作用多发生在疾病活动期且合并使用其他免疫抑制剂时。患者的临床表现容易与神经精神狼疮混淆,导致病情延误,提示在使用靶向B细胞生物制剂治疗时,应评估SLE患者发生中枢神经系统副作用的潜在风险。

High-quality de novo assembly of the Eucommia ulmoides haploid genome provides new insights into evolution and rubber biosynthesis

We report the acquisition of a high-quality haploid chromosome-scale genome assembly for the first time in a tree species,Eucommia ulmoides,which is known for its rubber biosynthesis and medicinal applications.The assembly was obtained by applying PacBio and Hi–C technologies to a haploid that we specifically generated.Compared to the initial genome release,this one has significantly improved assembly quality.The scaffold N50(53.15 MB)increased 28-fold,and the repetitive sequence content(520 Mb)increased by 158.24 Mb,whereas the number of gaps decreased from 104,772 to 128.A total of 92.87%of the 26,001 predicted protein-coding genes identified with multiple strategies were anchored to the 17 chromosomes.A new whole-genome duplication event was superimposed on the earlierγpaleohexaploidization event,and the expansion of long terminal repeats contributed greatly to the evolution of the genome.The more primitive rubber biosynthesis of this species,as opposed to that in Hevea brasiliensis,relies on the methylerythritol-phosphate pathway rather than the mevalonate pathway to synthesize isoprenyl diphosphate,as the MEP pathway operates predominantly in trans-polyisoprene-containing leaves and central peels.Chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes were preferentially expressed in leaves rather than in bark.This assembly with higher sequence contiguity can foster not only studies on genome structure and evolution,gene mapping,epigenetic analysis and functional genomics but also efforts to improve E.ulmoides for industrial and medical uses through genetic engineering.