热塑性聚丙烯系列聚合物具有绝缘性能优异、耐温性能好、无交联副产物以及可回收再利用等优点,是新兴绿色环保电力电缆绝缘材料。在高压电缆中,绝缘必须与半导电屏蔽配合良好,因此亟待开发基于热塑性聚丙烯的半导电屏蔽料。该文以聚丙...热塑性聚丙烯系列聚合物具有绝缘性能优异、耐温性能好、无交联副产物以及可回收再利用等优点,是新兴绿色环保电力电缆绝缘材料。在高压电缆中,绝缘必须与半导电屏蔽配合良好,因此亟待开发基于热塑性聚丙烯的半导电屏蔽料。该文以聚丙烯和聚烯烃弹性体共混物为基体,碳黑和MXene为导电填料,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为改性剂,制备了导电填料添加质量分数为30.0%的半导电屏蔽料。研究表明,引入MXene能显著降低半导电屏蔽料的电阻率,MXene质量分数为1.0%时(碳黑为29.0%),屏蔽料的正温度系数(positive temperature coefficient,PTC)强度为0.84,显著低于添加30.0%碳黑屏蔽料的PTC强度(1.49)。在添加29.0%碳黑和1.0%MXene的屏蔽料中引入1.0%PP-g-MAH可显著提高热稳定性,但电阻率和PTC强度(1.04)略高于MXene含量为1.0%时(碳黑为29.0%)的屏蔽料。另外,在碳黑屏蔽料电极中加入MXene可显著减少PP绝缘料中的空间电荷数量。该研究为开发热塑性高压电缆屏蔽料提供了实验参考。展开更多
The cables are more likely to deteriorate after several years of service in Shanghai,a city with a humid climate and abundant rainfall.Before assessing the aging status of those cables,it is critical to present effect...The cables are more likely to deteriorate after several years of service in Shanghai,a city with a humid climate and abundant rainfall.Before assessing the aging status of those cables,it is critical to present effective test parameters which are sensitive to the aging process under special field conditions.Therefore,we have performed water tree investigation,tensile test,and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)test on hundreds of cable samples removed from service.A large number of typical bowtie water trees were found in cable insulation and the water tree content was proposed to characterize the degree of water treeing.Based on Arrhenius Equation and equivalent thermal history parameters estimated from DSC profiles,we also proposed a new parameter ln(t/τθ)to characterize the aging status of cable insulation,Where,t is treated duration andτθis the thermal life under treated temperature.The applicabilities of water tree content,tensile strength,and ln(t/τθ)are tested using the analysis of variance(ANOVA).Then we investigated the relationship between the tensile strength and the water tree content using regression analysis,and analyzed the relationship between ln(t/τθ)and the tensile strength.The results indicated that each of these parameters performs differently with cables which experienced different degrees of age related degradation,and can be used to identify the aging status of field aged cables.The tensile strength can reflect the water treeing condition of field aged cables very well as a commonly used functional parameter.Since ln(t/τθ)is strongly related to the tensile strength,it is an effective parameter to characterize the aging status of field aged cable insulation.Using this newly proposed parameter is more time saving because of the convenience in sampling.展开更多
Cables that have been in service for over 20 years in Shanghai, a city with abundant surface water, failed more frequently and induced different cable accidents. This necessitates researches on the insulation aging st...Cables that have been in service for over 20 years in Shanghai, a city with abundant surface water, failed more frequently and induced different cable accidents. This necessitates researches on the insulation aging state of cables working in special circumstances. We performed multi-parameter tests with samples from about 300 cable lines in Shanghai. The tests included water tree investigation, tensile test, dielectric spectroscopy test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrical aging test. Then, we carried out regression analysis between every two test parameters. Moreover, through two-sample t-Test and analysis of va- riance (ANOVA) of each test parameter, we analyzed the influences of cable-laying method and sampling section on the degradation of cable insulation respectively. Furthermore, the test parameters which have strong correlation in the regression analysis or significant differ- ences in the t-Test or ANOVA analysis were determined to be the ones identifying the XLPE cable insulation aging state. The thresholds for distinguishing insulation aging states had been also obtained with the aid of statistical analysis and fuzzy clustering. Based on the fuzzy in- ference, we established a cable insulation aging diagnosis model using the intensity transfer method. The results of regression analysis indicate that the degradation of cable insulation accelerates as the degree of in-service aging increases. This validates the rule that the in- crease of microscopic imperfections in solid material enhances the dielectric breakdown strength. The results of the two-sample t-Test and the ANOVA indicate that the direct-buried cables are more sensitive to insulation degradation than duct cables. This confirms that the tensile strength and breakdown strength are reliable functional parameters in cable insulation evaluations. A case study further indicates that the proposed diagnosis model based on the fuzzy inference can reflect the comprehensive aging state of cable insulation well, and that the cable service time has no correlation with the insulation aging state.展开更多
文摘热塑性聚丙烯系列聚合物具有绝缘性能优异、耐温性能好、无交联副产物以及可回收再利用等优点,是新兴绿色环保电力电缆绝缘材料。在高压电缆中,绝缘必须与半导电屏蔽配合良好,因此亟待开发基于热塑性聚丙烯的半导电屏蔽料。该文以聚丙烯和聚烯烃弹性体共混物为基体,碳黑和MXene为导电填料,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为改性剂,制备了导电填料添加质量分数为30.0%的半导电屏蔽料。研究表明,引入MXene能显著降低半导电屏蔽料的电阻率,MXene质量分数为1.0%时(碳黑为29.0%),屏蔽料的正温度系数(positive temperature coefficient,PTC)强度为0.84,显著低于添加30.0%碳黑屏蔽料的PTC强度(1.49)。在添加29.0%碳黑和1.0%MXene的屏蔽料中引入1.0%PP-g-MAH可显著提高热稳定性,但电阻率和PTC强度(1.04)略高于MXene含量为1.0%时(碳黑为29.0%)的屏蔽料。另外,在碳黑屏蔽料电极中加入MXene可显著减少PP绝缘料中的空间电荷数量。该研究为开发热塑性高压电缆屏蔽料提供了实验参考。
基金Project supported by Special Fund of the National Priority Basic Research of China(2014CB239503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51277117)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(11DZ2283000)
文摘The cables are more likely to deteriorate after several years of service in Shanghai,a city with a humid climate and abundant rainfall.Before assessing the aging status of those cables,it is critical to present effective test parameters which are sensitive to the aging process under special field conditions.Therefore,we have performed water tree investigation,tensile test,and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)test on hundreds of cable samples removed from service.A large number of typical bowtie water trees were found in cable insulation and the water tree content was proposed to characterize the degree of water treeing.Based on Arrhenius Equation and equivalent thermal history parameters estimated from DSC profiles,we also proposed a new parameter ln(t/τθ)to characterize the aging status of cable insulation,Where,t is treated duration andτθis the thermal life under treated temperature.The applicabilities of water tree content,tensile strength,and ln(t/τθ)are tested using the analysis of variance(ANOVA).Then we investigated the relationship between the tensile strength and the water tree content using regression analysis,and analyzed the relationship between ln(t/τθ)and the tensile strength.The results indicated that each of these parameters performs differently with cables which experienced different degrees of age related degradation,and can be used to identify the aging status of field aged cables.The tensile strength can reflect the water treeing condition of field aged cables very well as a commonly used functional parameter.Since ln(t/τθ)is strongly related to the tensile strength,it is an effective parameter to characterize the aging status of field aged cable insulation.Using this newly proposed parameter is more time saving because of the convenience in sampling.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（51277117）, Shang- hai Science and Technology Comrmssion（11 DZ2283000）.
文摘Cables that have been in service for over 20 years in Shanghai, a city with abundant surface water, failed more frequently and induced different cable accidents. This necessitates researches on the insulation aging state of cables working in special circumstances. We performed multi-parameter tests with samples from about 300 cable lines in Shanghai. The tests included water tree investigation, tensile test, dielectric spectroscopy test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrical aging test. Then, we carried out regression analysis between every two test parameters. Moreover, through two-sample t-Test and analysis of va- riance (ANOVA) of each test parameter, we analyzed the influences of cable-laying method and sampling section on the degradation of cable insulation respectively. Furthermore, the test parameters which have strong correlation in the regression analysis or significant differ- ences in the t-Test or ANOVA analysis were determined to be the ones identifying the XLPE cable insulation aging state. The thresholds for distinguishing insulation aging states had been also obtained with the aid of statistical analysis and fuzzy clustering. Based on the fuzzy in- ference, we established a cable insulation aging diagnosis model using the intensity transfer method. The results of regression analysis indicate that the degradation of cable insulation accelerates as the degree of in-service aging increases. This validates the rule that the in- crease of microscopic imperfections in solid material enhances the dielectric breakdown strength. The results of the two-sample t-Test and the ANOVA indicate that the direct-buried cables are more sensitive to insulation degradation than duct cables. This confirms that the tensile strength and breakdown strength are reliable functional parameters in cable insulation evaluations. A case study further indicates that the proposed diagnosis model based on the fuzzy inference can reflect the comprehensive aging state of cable insulation well, and that the cable service time has no correlation with the insulation aging state.
