A two-year experiment was carried out on the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the topsoil structure in a winter wheat field. A border-irrigated field was used as the control group. The total soil porosity, pore size ...A two-year experiment was carried out on the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the topsoil structure in a winter wheat field. A border-irrigated field was used as the control group. The total soil porosity, pore size distribution, pore shape distribution, soil cracks and soil compaction were measured. The sprinkler irrigation brought significant changes to the total soil porosity, capillary porosity, air-filled porosity and pore shape of topsoil layers in comparison with the border irrigation. The total porosity and air-filled porosity of the topsoil in the sprinkler irrigation were higher than those in the border irrigation. The changes in the air-filled and elongated pores were the main reasons for the changes in total porosity. The porosities of round and irregular pores in topsoil under sprinkler irrigation were lower than those under border irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation produced smaller soil cracks than border irrigation did, so sprinkler irrigation may restrain the development of macropore flow in comparison with border irrigation. The topsoil was looser under sprinkler irrigation than under border irrigation. According to the conditions of topsoil structure, it is preferable for crops to grow under sprinkler irrigation than under border irrigation.展开更多
目的探讨品管圈(Quality Control Circle,QCC)应用于医疗废物正确处置的效果。方法利用QCC进行医疗废物管理。通过现场检查发现问题,小组讨论原因分析,头脑风暴对策拟定等过程,走近科室进行培训,统一配备可回收垃圾桶及分类图谱,实行科...目的探讨品管圈(Quality Control Circle,QCC)应用于医疗废物正确处置的效果。方法利用QCC进行医疗废物管理。通过现场检查发现问题,小组讨论原因分析,头脑风暴对策拟定等过程,走近科室进行培训,统一配备可回收垃圾桶及分类图谱,实行科室自查,感染管理科督查方式,展开QCC活动。结果实施QCC前后,医护人员对于医疗废物分类收集相关知识的知晓率分别为56.19%和78.86%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=365.27,P<0.001);各科室医疗废物中混放可回收垃圾总频次由95次降低至40次,QCC前后各科室平均混放频次分别为(15.83±3.06)次和(6.67±1.86)次,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P<0.001);各科室医疗废物产生量分别为(0.206±0.097)kg/床·日和(0.193±0.096)kg/床·日,差异有统计学意义(t=3.26,P=0.022);各科室平均可回收垃圾产生量分别为0 kg/日和(2.36±0.72)kg/日,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.07,P<0.001)。结论运用QCC可以增强医护人员正确进行垃圾分类意识,促进医疗废物减量化,降低医疗废物处置成本,增加可回收垃圾循环利用机会。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50679077)the Knowledge Innovation Programof the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KSCX2-YW-N-003)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2007BAD87B05)
文摘A two-year experiment was carried out on the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the topsoil structure in a winter wheat field. A border-irrigated field was used as the control group. The total soil porosity, pore size distribution, pore shape distribution, soil cracks and soil compaction were measured. The sprinkler irrigation brought significant changes to the total soil porosity, capillary porosity, air-filled porosity and pore shape of topsoil layers in comparison with the border irrigation. The total porosity and air-filled porosity of the topsoil in the sprinkler irrigation were higher than those in the border irrigation. The changes in the air-filled and elongated pores were the main reasons for the changes in total porosity. The porosities of round and irregular pores in topsoil under sprinkler irrigation were lower than those under border irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation produced smaller soil cracks than border irrigation did, so sprinkler irrigation may restrain the development of macropore flow in comparison with border irrigation. The topsoil was looser under sprinkler irrigation than under border irrigation. According to the conditions of topsoil structure, it is preferable for crops to grow under sprinkler irrigation than under border irrigation.
文摘目的探讨品管圈(Quality Control Circle,QCC)应用于医疗废物正确处置的效果。方法利用QCC进行医疗废物管理。通过现场检查发现问题,小组讨论原因分析,头脑风暴对策拟定等过程,走近科室进行培训,统一配备可回收垃圾桶及分类图谱,实行科室自查,感染管理科督查方式,展开QCC活动。结果实施QCC前后,医护人员对于医疗废物分类收集相关知识的知晓率分别为56.19%和78.86%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=365.27,P<0.001);各科室医疗废物中混放可回收垃圾总频次由95次降低至40次,QCC前后各科室平均混放频次分别为(15.83±3.06)次和(6.67±1.86)次,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P<0.001);各科室医疗废物产生量分别为(0.206±0.097)kg/床·日和(0.193±0.096)kg/床·日,差异有统计学意义(t=3.26,P=0.022);各科室平均可回收垃圾产生量分别为0 kg/日和(2.36±0.72)kg/日,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.07,P<0.001)。结论运用QCC可以增强医护人员正确进行垃圾分类意识,促进医疗废物减量化,降低医疗废物处置成本,增加可回收垃圾循环利用机会。