重庆酉阳龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜大气降水氢氧稳定同位素变化特征

为深入探究重庆市东南部武陵山龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两个相邻地形区大气降水中δ^(18)O、δD的特征及其影响因素,文章基于两个水文年(2 020.06-2 022.05)在重庆市酉阳县龙潭槽谷(海拔333 m)和毛坝向斜(海拔1 140 m)降水δ^(18)O和δD的采样数据,建立了两地的大气降水线,分析两地大气降水氢氧稳定同位素的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜大气降水线的斜率和截距均大于全球大气降水线。大气降水δ^(18)O和δD具有明显的季节变化,雨季(5-10月)偏负,旱季(11月至次年4月)偏正。两地大气降水δ^(18)O表现出显著的降水量效应,温度效应的影响较弱。(2)龙潭槽谷大气降水线的斜率和截距小于毛坝向斜,两地大气降水线的差异主要受控于水汽凝结时的温度和蒸发条件。(3)龙潭槽谷大气降水中的δ^(18)O和δD的平均值较毛坝向斜偏正。d-excess的结果表明,龙潭槽谷δ^(18)O和δD存在微弱的云下二次蒸发。同次降水过程中龙潭槽谷大气降水δ^(18)O总体上较毛坝向斜降水δ^(18)O偏正,这表明龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两地的大气降水δ^(18)O受高程效应影响。(4)年际变化上,龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两地大气降水δ^(18)O的变化主要受印度洋水汽输送比例的影响。2020年夏季,印度洋水汽到达研究区的比例为76%,降水δ^(18)O偏负;2021年夏季,印度洋水汽到达研究区的比例为52%,降水δ^(18)O偏正。研究结果对增进西南岩溶槽谷区水循环过程的认识和今后展开龙潭槽谷和毛坝向斜两地生态水文过程的研究具有重要的意义。

闽西仙云洞石笋记录的Heinrich2事件年龄及亚旋回特征

选取福建西部仙云洞石笋(XYⅢ-28),通过利用U系定年和氧碳同位素测试方法分别对9个U/Th年龄和301个氧同位素样品进行分析,从而建立了26.33～22.98 kyr B.P.期间平均分辨率为11 yr的东亚夏季风演化序列。该石笋记录最显著的特征是在24.09～23.39 kyr B.P.时段内δ^(18)O偏正,振幅为0.7‰,对应于北大西洋显著的Heinrich2(H2)突变事件。根据主要变化过程中间点的位置可以标定H2事件的起止时间分别为24.09±0.06 kyr B.P.、23.39±0.07 kyr B.P.。XYⅢ-28石笋记录的H2事件内部呈现出明显的百年至十年际尺度的"两谷一峰"结构的亚旋回特征。这种百年至十年际尺度的亚旋回事件在H1事件、新仙女木事件以及小冰期等内部同样存在,表明这些千年尺度极端变冷事件内部气候也是不稳定的,可能受控于相同的驱动因素。仙云洞石笋记录与高低纬古气候记录对比发现,南北半球呈现反相位关系,即"see-saw"模式。

福建仙云洞现代次生碳酸盐团簇同位素特征与温度重建

碳酸盐团簇同位素(Δ47)是基于碳酸盐中13C-18O丰度相较于其随机分布状态的偏离程度对温度进行估算的新型测温技术。洞穴石笋沉积过程复杂,部分石笋受动力分馏作用影响导致其碳酸盐Δ47偏离平衡体系,这些因素增大了利用石笋碳酸盐Δ47定量重建古温度的难度。本研究以典型东亚夏季风影响区的福建仙云洞为研究对象,通过对该洞现代次生碳酸盐样品的采集和稳定同位素组成的测定,探讨研究区现代次生碳酸盐Δ47特征及其重建温度的可靠性。研究结果表明:1)仙云洞5个现代次生碳酸盐样品的Δ47和δ18O结果均较为集中,而δ13C差异较大,这种样品间差异与共性并存的特征表明本研究所选样品具有代表性;2)仙云洞5个现代次生碳酸盐样品的Δ47值在0.702‰~0.720‰范围内波动,实测温度与基于平衡体系下建立的团簇同位素温度转换方程计算的温度结果较为一致,揭示出该洞穴现代次生碳酸盐Δ47接近热力平衡,不存在显著的动力分馏;3)基于洞穴次生碳酸盐的团簇同位素温度和δ18O值,推算出对应的滴水δ18O值介于-8.0‰~-7.6‰之间,这与长期监测的仙云洞滴水δ18O结果较为吻合,表明仙云洞现代次生碳酸盐氧同位素接近同位素平衡。本文研究结果为重建区域古温度和古降水提供了证据支撑。

福建仙云洞石笋记录的新仙女木突变事件结束时的缓变特征

新仙女木（Younger Dryas,简称YD）事件是发生在末次冰消期升温过程中北半球的一次急剧降温事件.文章基于福建西部仙云洞石笋（编号：XYⅣ-14）9个高精度230Th年龄和233个氧同位素分析,建立了12.68～11.25 ka B.P.时段平均分辨率达7 a的东亚夏季风强度的演变序列.该石笋氧同位素记录最为显著的特征是在11.89～11.51 kaB.P.时δ180在380±95 a内偏负约1.3‰,指示了YD事件缓慢的结束过程.与基于年层时标的我国北方苦栗树洞、南京葫芦洞和神农架青天洞石笋记录对比发现,仙云洞记录的YD结束过程的时间（380±95 a）明显比苦栗树洞、葫芦洞和青天洞记录（38 a、10a和11a）长300多年.仙云洞石笋所记录的YD事件缓慢结束的特征与低纬菲律宾Palawan洞穴石笋记录十分相似.分析结果表明,受热带西太平洋海气耦合的影响,低纬水文循环过程的变化比高纬的气候突变要缓慢的多.

福建仙云洞石笋记录的19.0~17.6ka B.P.期间东亚夏季风增强事件

末次冰盛期回暖事件(19.0~17.6 ka B.P.)对于理解末次冰期终止机制具有重要意义.本文根据福建仙云洞石笋(XY7)的16个高精度^230Th年龄和327组δ^18O数据,重建了26.4~14.9 ka B.P.期间十年际分辨率的东亚夏季风演变过程,清晰地捕捉到了发生在末次冰盛期的夏季风增强事件.仙云洞记录指示这一强季风事件发生在19.0~17.6 ka B.P..尽管亚洲季风区各地洞穴石笋都明确记录了这一强夏季风事件,但仙云洞记录的振幅要小很多,仅为0.5‰.这可能与仙云洞位于受东亚夏季风影响的前缘地带,受低纬海洋水文循环过程影响强烈,降水同位素的季节性差异相对较小有关.通过与高低纬地区古气候记录的分析对比表明,末次冰盛期晚期受到太阳辐射升高、 北大西洋径向翻转环流增强和热带太平洋Super-ENSO的共同影响,东亚夏季风在19.0~17.6 ka B.P.期间显著增强.

Abrupt climate change of EastAsian Monsoon at 130 kaBP inferred from a high resolu-tion stalagmite δ^(18)O record

230Th ages and oxygen isotope data of a stalagmite from Shanbao Cave in Hubei Province characterize thEast Asian Monsoon precipitation from 133 to127 ka. Thdecadal-scale high-resolution δ18O record reveals a detailedtransitional process from the Penultimate Glaciation to thLast Interglaciation. As established with 230Th dates, the agof the Termination II is determined to be 129.5±1.0 kaBPwhich supports the Northern Hemisphere insolation as thtriggers for the ice-age cycles. In our δ18O record, the glacialinterglacial fluctuation reaches about 4‰, almost the samlevel as in other Asian Monsoon cave stalagmite δ18O recordThe transition of the glacial/interglacial period in our recordcan be recognized as four stepwise stages, among which, arapid rise of monsoon precipitation follows the stage o“Termination II pause”. The rapid rise is synchronous withthe abrupt change of global methane concentration, whichreflects that an increase in both Asian Monsoon precipitationand tropical wetland plays an important role in the globaclimate changes.

Stalagmite-inferred Holocene precipitation in northern Guizhou Province, China, and asynchronous termination of the Climatic Optimum in the Asian monsoon territory

An absolute-dated, bi-decadal-resolution, stalagmite oxygen-isotopic time series from Shigao Cave reveals the evolution of summer monsoon precipitation over the past 9.9 ka BP in northern Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The 18O-inferred climate conditions are divisible into three distinct stages: (1) a maximum humid era from 9.9-6.6 ka BP; (2) a gradual declining precipitation interval between 6.6-1.6 ka BP; and (3) a relatively low precipitation time window after 1.6 ka BP. Consistency of contemporaneous stalagmite Holocene 18O records between Shigao and other caves in the Indian and East Asian monsoon realms support the effect of primary orbital solar forcings on monsoonal precipitation. However, statistical analysis shows a significant spatial asynchroneity of the Holocene Optimum termination in the Asian monsoon territory. The Holocene Optimum ended at 7.2-7.4 ka BP in Oman, located in the Indian monsoon region, and at 5.6-5.8 ka BP in Central China, in the East Asian monsoon zone. In Southwest China, the termination occurred between these periods, at 6.6-7.0 ka BP, and was influenced by both monsoon systems. We propose that this spatially asynchronous ending of Holocene Optimum in Asia may be attributed to sea surface temperature changes in the western tropical Pacific, which is a primary moisture source for the East Asian monsoon.

Precise dating of East-Asian-Monsoon D/O events during 95―56 ka BP:Based on stalagmite data from Shanbao Cave at Shennongjia,China

Based on 23 U/Th analyses and 532 oxygen isotopic data, an averaged 80-a stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition series was established through 95 to 56 thousand years before present (ka BP) from two speleothems in Shanbao Cave, Shennongjia, central China. Shanbao Cave record (referred to as SB record) replicates well with Hulu Cave record, extending the characteristics of millennial oscillations in East-Asian-Summer-Monsoon (EASM) to the past 95 ka. The trend of the SB record generally follows mid-July solar insolation at 65°N, suggesting that mid-high northern latitude insolation, in the first or- der, controls changes of EASM intensity. Millennial oscillations of EASM recorded in the stalagmites are well related to the Greenland interstadials referred to as Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) events from 1 to 22, indicating that rapid ocean-atmosphere reorganization in North Atlantic has a remote effect in EASM. The well-dated D/O events by stalagmites probably provide an absolute calibration for chro- nologies of Greenland ice cores. The timings of D/O events in the SB record are different variously from those in Greenland ice cores. For D/O 19 and 20, the age offsets between the stalagmites' and the Greenland ice cores' record are significant, larger than the uncertainties of uranium-series dating. The two events in the SB record are younger than those in North GRIP time scale by 1―2 ka, and older than the counterparts in GISP2 by approximately 3―4 ka. A comparison between the SB and Brazil stalag- mite record shows an anti-phase relation in millennial-scale monsoon precipitation between the two localities. This supports a mode for the coupled ocean-atmosphere "See-saw".

Orbital-and millennial-scale variability of the Asian monsoon during MIS8 from Sanbao Cave at Mount Shennongjia, central China

从 Sanbao 洞的一个石笋氧同位素记录，中国，与 7 230Th 年龄和 355 氧同位素数据建立了，在现在( ka BP )前从 284～240 千年为时期向东方亚洲季风(电动会计记帐机)紧张的连续历史提供 34 ka 的典型错误。这个新记录扩大以前出版的石笋 18O 记录回到海洋的氧同位素阶段(MIS ) 8。MIS8 电动会计记帐机记录广泛地跟随导致 orbitally 的曝晒变化并且被至少 6 标点强壮 -- 并且 3 个弱季风的事件。在结束 III (TIII ) 附近的弱季风事件在 257 ka BP， 253 ka BP 和 246 ka BP 被标明日期，并且能清楚地被相关到三冰木排碎片(IRD ) 在北方大西洋的事件。TIII 看起来显示二阶段的冰川的结束进程，类似于 TI 和 TII 的。阶段我被与完整的大气的 CO2 集中和南极温度上升是同时代的几几千年(250244 ka BP ) 的一个弱季风阶段描绘。阶段 II 被很快加强的季风在 244 ka BP 标记，由 CH4 集中和大气的 CO2 集中的快速的增加伴随了。我们的观察支持北半球(NH ) 夏天曝晒触发了的 Milankovitch 理论冰川间冰期的周期。另外，我们的结果建议南部的半球(嘘) 温暖可能在 TIII 便于 AM 的结束。