Taking the typical karst agricultural region, Xiaojiang watershed in Luxi of Yurman Province as a research unit, utilizing the groundwater quality data in 1982 and 2004, the aerial photos in 1982 and TM images in 2004...Taking the typical karst agricultural region, Xiaojiang watershed in Luxi of Yurman Province as a research unit, utilizing the groundwater quality data in 1982 and 2004, the aerial photos in 1982 and TM images in 2004, supported by the GIS, we probe into the law and the reason of its space-time change of the groundwater quality over the past 22 years in the paper. The results show： （1） There were obvious temporal and spatial changes of groundwater quality during the past 22 years. （2） Concentrations of NH4^＋, SO4^2- , NO3, NO2^-, Cl^- and the pH value, total hardness, total alkalinity increased significantly, in which NH4^2-, NO3, and NO2^- of groundwater exceeded the drinking water standards as a result of non-point pollution caused by the expansion of cultivated land and mass use of the fertilizer and pesticide. （3） Oppositely, Ca^2＋ and HCO3^- showed an obvious decline trend due to forest reduction and degradation and stony desertification. Meantime, there was a dynamic relation between the groundwater quality change and the land use change.展开更多
Supported by RS and GIS, the land use change from 1982 to 2003 were analyzed and the impacts of land use changes on pH value, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, and available K in soi...Supported by RS and GIS, the land use change from 1982 to 2003 were analyzed and the impacts of land use changes on pH value, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, and available K in soil of Xiaojiang watershed, a typical karst agricultural region of Yunnan Province, Southwest China were assessed. The following aspects are concluded. （1） The total land use converted during the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed covers an area of 610.12 km^2, of which 134.29 km^2 of forestland was converted into cultivated land, and 210 km^2 of.unused land was converted into cultivated land. （2） The rapid growth of population and the economic development were the main driving forces of land use change. （3） With the change in land use, the soil properties have been changed significantly. The pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P and available K in soil in 1982 were 6.3, 38.02 g·kg^-1, 1.86 g·kg^-1, 1.63 g·kg^-1, 10.94 g·kg^-1, 114.42 g·kg^-1, 11.65 mg·kg^-1 and 64.69 mg·kg^-1g, respectively; and those in 2003 were 6.73, 25.26 g·kg^-1, 1.41 g·kg^-1, 0.99 g·kg^-1, 12.6 g·kg^-1, 113.43 mg·kg^-1, 11.11 mg·kg^-1 and 151.59 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Pared samples t-test of the tested indices of soil properties indicate that those indices have changed significantly during the last 20 years. But the soil properties changed differently, due to the differences in land use change. （4） Also, with the change in land use and management measures of soil, the modifications in soil properties which developed from carbonate rocks were more sensitive than those in the soil developed from sandstone.展开更多
目的:探讨反重力跑台训练在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中的应用价值。方法:将58例行加压钢板螺钉内固定术后4周的股骨干骨折患者随机分为常规康复组和联合康复组,每组29例。常规康复组采用手法、运动疗法和物理疗法进行...目的:探讨反重力跑台训练在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中的应用价值。方法:将58例行加压钢板螺钉内固定术后4周的股骨干骨折患者随机分为常规康复组和联合康复组,每组29例。常规康复组采用手法、运动疗法和物理疗法进行康复治疗,联合康复组在常规康复组干预措施基础上采用反重力跑台训练;均每周治疗5次,每次20 min,共治疗4周。记录并比较治疗前和治疗结束后2组患者N端骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原N端前肽(N-terminal propeptide of typeⅠprocollagen,PINP)、β-Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,β-CTX)血清含量及美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分和骨痂生长评分。结果:(1)N端骨钙素血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者N端骨钙素血清含量均高于治疗前[(10.07±2.12)ng·mL^(-1),(13.10±1.23)ng·mL^(-1),t=-6.660,P=0.000;(9.69±2.11)ng·mL^(-1),(11.93±1.89)ng·mL^(-1),t=-4.267,P=0.000],联合康复组患者N端骨钙素血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-2.798,P=0.007)。(2)PINP血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者PINP血清含量均高于治疗前[(43.79±7.79)ng·mL^(-1),(72.52±5.03)ng·mL^(-1),t=-16.673,P=0.000;(46.3±10.76)ng·mL^(-1),(65.76±9.37)ng·mL^(-1),t=-7.339,P=0.000],联合康复组患者PINP血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-3.421,P=0.001)。(3)β-CTX血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者β-CTX血清含量均低于治疗前[(772.93±18.29)pg·mL^(-1),(727.76±16.19)pg·mL^(-1),t=9.930,P=0.000;(765.38±25.76)pg·mL^(-1),(744.07±25.29)pg·mL^(-1),t=3.179,P=0.002],联合康复组患者β-CTX血清含量低于常规康复组(t=2.925,P=0.005)。(4)HSS膝关节评分。治疗结束后,2组患者HSS膝关节评分均高于治疗前[(63.04±6.75)分,(85.20±7.72)分,t=-8.781,P=0.000;(66.86±8.12)分,(80.14±6.24)分,t=-10.015,P=0.000],联合康复组患者HSS膝关节评分高于常规康复组(t=-2.748,P=0.008)。(5)骨痂生长评分。治疗结束后,2组患者骨痂生长评分均高于治疗前[(0.72±0.45)分,(2.03±0.68)分,t=-0.821,P=0.000;(0.76±0.58)分,(1.55±0.51)分,t=-5.567,P=0.000],联合康复组患者骨痂生长评分高于常规康复组(t=-3.065,P=0.003)。结论:在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中应用反重力跑台训练,可促进骨折愈合,有利于改善膝关节功能。展开更多
隧道工程导致地下水系统被破坏,但由此可能带来的土壤侵蚀却很少被涉猎。在重庆观音峡背斜隧道密集影响区和非隧道影响区的两个相邻小流域建立径流小区,基于高分辨率水文数据结合δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O同位素,对比两径流小区坡面、壤中产...隧道工程导致地下水系统被破坏,但由此可能带来的土壤侵蚀却很少被涉猎。在重庆观音峡背斜隧道密集影响区和非隧道影响区的两个相邻小流域建立径流小区,基于高分辨率水文数据结合δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O同位素,对比两径流小区坡面、壤中产流规律和地表侵蚀产沙特征。结果表明,观测年内隧道影响区坡面产流对降雨响应更快,地表径流系数0.027,侵蚀模数16.68 t km-2 a-1;非隧道影响区地表径流系数0.013,侵蚀模数7.73 t km-2 a-1。相反,隧道影响区产生的壤中流产流系数仅为非隧道影响区的31%。对一场强降雨监测发现,两径流小区坡面流中δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O相似,但壤中流中却差异较大。用氢氧同位素混合模型分析得出隧道影响区坡面流、壤中流中降雨贡献率均大于非隧道影响区,侵蚀能力更强。这与土壤含水率减小和土壤结构的差异有关:隧道影响区土壤中粘粒的含量高于非隧道影响区,且出现上粘下松的异常土壤结构,使土壤下渗能力降低,地表径流增加。较小的土壤含水率与土壤粒径也有利于土壤搬运。研究为隧道工程导致的喀斯特区水土流失研究提供了基础数据,为喀斯特区水土流失防治和石漠化治理研究提供了新视角。展开更多
重庆丰都雪玉洞群包括羊子洞、雪玉洞和水鸣洞,西南大学的研究团队从2008年开始对雪玉洞群开展了系统的现代过程监测,以了解洞穴系统气候和环境信息的传输、转化和记录过程。通过对雪玉洞洞穴内外的大气、植被、土壤、基岩、滴水和洞穴...重庆丰都雪玉洞群包括羊子洞、雪玉洞和水鸣洞,西南大学的研究团队从2008年开始对雪玉洞群开展了系统的现代过程监测,以了解洞穴系统气候和环境信息的传输、转化和记录过程。通过对雪玉洞洞穴内外的大气、植被、土壤、基岩、滴水和洞穴沉积物等的动态监测,研究了碳酸盐沉积过程的水化学指标变化,揭示了现代洞穴滴水的影响因素和变化过程,以及碳酸盐沉积物对现代气候环境变化的响应,也为古气候的定量化研究提供了基础支撑。现代过程监测记录表明:雪玉洞CO_(2)主要来源于上覆土壤,其季节变化受降水的影响较大;在短时间尺度上受到游客旅游活动的影响明显,但幅度远远小于自然过程引起的变化。雪玉洞内次生沉积物的沉积速率具有明显的旱季、雨季特征,不同滴水点下方沉积物的沉积速率变化较大。雪玉洞群三个洞穴的石笋古环境记录研究表明,本区石笋的230Th/232Th比值较适合高精度铀系测年;部分石笋沉积速率较快,平均沉积速率达到0.25 mm·a^(-1),可以开展高分辨率的气候和环境变化研究。羊子洞YZ1石笋的年龄范围在116~3 ka B.P.之间(平均测年精度2σ,269年),覆盖了整个末次冰期,δ^(18)O和δ^(13)C的变化曲线和东亚季风区的其他记录具有明显的一致性。同位素测试的时间分辨率平均为88年,成功记录了一些百年-千年尺度的气候突变事件,如Heinrich事件、7.2 ka事件、小冰期等。在精确年代学的基础上,雪玉洞群石笋具有重建高分辨率气候环境变化的潜力。展开更多
基金Doctorate Foundation of Southwest University, No.SWNUB2005035 Open Foundation of Physical Geography of Southwest University, No.250-411109+2 种基金 Foundation of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing, No.20027534 No.20048258 The project of Ministry of Land and Resources, No.200310400024
文摘Taking the typical karst agricultural region, Xiaojiang watershed in Luxi of Yurman Province as a research unit, utilizing the groundwater quality data in 1982 and 2004, the aerial photos in 1982 and TM images in 2004, supported by the GIS, we probe into the law and the reason of its space-time change of the groundwater quality over the past 22 years in the paper. The results show： （1） There were obvious temporal and spatial changes of groundwater quality during the past 22 years. （2） Concentrations of NH4^＋, SO4^2- , NO3, NO2^-, Cl^- and the pH value, total hardness, total alkalinity increased significantly, in which NH4^2-, NO3, and NO2^- of groundwater exceeded the drinking water standards as a result of non-point pollution caused by the expansion of cultivated land and mass use of the fertilizer and pesticide. （3） Oppositely, Ca^2＋ and HCO3^- showed an obvious decline trend due to forest reduction and degradation and stony desertification. Meantime, there was a dynamic relation between the groundwater quality change and the land use change.
基金The open foundation of physical geography of Southwest University, No.250-411109 Foundation of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing, No.20027534+1 种基金 No.20048258 Project of Ministry of Land and Resources, No.200310400024
文摘Supported by RS and GIS, the land use change from 1982 to 2003 were analyzed and the impacts of land use changes on pH value, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, and available K in soil of Xiaojiang watershed, a typical karst agricultural region of Yunnan Province, Southwest China were assessed. The following aspects are concluded. （1） The total land use converted during the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed covers an area of 610.12 km^2, of which 134.29 km^2 of forestland was converted into cultivated land, and 210 km^2 of.unused land was converted into cultivated land. （2） The rapid growth of population and the economic development were the main driving forces of land use change. （3） With the change in land use, the soil properties have been changed significantly. The pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P and available K in soil in 1982 were 6.3, 38.02 g·kg^-1, 1.86 g·kg^-1, 1.63 g·kg^-1, 10.94 g·kg^-1, 114.42 g·kg^-1, 11.65 mg·kg^-1 and 64.69 mg·kg^-1g, respectively; and those in 2003 were 6.73, 25.26 g·kg^-1, 1.41 g·kg^-1, 0.99 g·kg^-1, 12.6 g·kg^-1, 113.43 mg·kg^-1, 11.11 mg·kg^-1 and 151.59 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Pared samples t-test of the tested indices of soil properties indicate that those indices have changed significantly during the last 20 years. But the soil properties changed differently, due to the differences in land use change. （4） Also, with the change in land use and management measures of soil, the modifications in soil properties which developed from carbonate rocks were more sensitive than those in the soil developed from sandstone.
文摘目的:探讨反重力跑台训练在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中的应用价值。方法:将58例行加压钢板螺钉内固定术后4周的股骨干骨折患者随机分为常规康复组和联合康复组,每组29例。常规康复组采用手法、运动疗法和物理疗法进行康复治疗,联合康复组在常规康复组干预措施基础上采用反重力跑台训练;均每周治疗5次,每次20 min,共治疗4周。记录并比较治疗前和治疗结束后2组患者N端骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原N端前肽(N-terminal propeptide of typeⅠprocollagen,PINP)、β-Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,β-CTX)血清含量及美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分和骨痂生长评分。结果:(1)N端骨钙素血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者N端骨钙素血清含量均高于治疗前[(10.07±2.12)ng·mL^(-1),(13.10±1.23)ng·mL^(-1),t=-6.660,P=0.000;(9.69±2.11)ng·mL^(-1),(11.93±1.89)ng·mL^(-1),t=-4.267,P=0.000],联合康复组患者N端骨钙素血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-2.798,P=0.007)。(2)PINP血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者PINP血清含量均高于治疗前[(43.79±7.79)ng·mL^(-1),(72.52±5.03)ng·mL^(-1),t=-16.673,P=0.000;(46.3±10.76)ng·mL^(-1),(65.76±9.37)ng·mL^(-1),t=-7.339,P=0.000],联合康复组患者PINP血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-3.421,P=0.001)。(3)β-CTX血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者β-CTX血清含量均低于治疗前[(772.93±18.29)pg·mL^(-1),(727.76±16.19)pg·mL^(-1),t=9.930,P=0.000;(765.38±25.76)pg·mL^(-1),(744.07±25.29)pg·mL^(-1),t=3.179,P=0.002],联合康复组患者β-CTX血清含量低于常规康复组(t=2.925,P=0.005)。(4)HSS膝关节评分。治疗结束后,2组患者HSS膝关节评分均高于治疗前[(63.04±6.75)分,(85.20±7.72)分,t=-8.781,P=0.000;(66.86±8.12)分,(80.14±6.24)分,t=-10.015,P=0.000],联合康复组患者HSS膝关节评分高于常规康复组(t=-2.748,P=0.008)。(5)骨痂生长评分。治疗结束后,2组患者骨痂生长评分均高于治疗前[(0.72±0.45)分,(2.03±0.68)分,t=-0.821,P=0.000;(0.76±0.58)分,(1.55±0.51)分,t=-5.567,P=0.000],联合康复组患者骨痂生长评分高于常规康复组(t=-3.065,P=0.003)。结论:在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中应用反重力跑台训练,可促进骨折愈合,有利于改善膝关节功能。
文摘隧道工程导致地下水系统被破坏,但由此可能带来的土壤侵蚀却很少被涉猎。在重庆观音峡背斜隧道密集影响区和非隧道影响区的两个相邻小流域建立径流小区,基于高分辨率水文数据结合δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O同位素,对比两径流小区坡面、壤中产流规律和地表侵蚀产沙特征。结果表明,观测年内隧道影响区坡面产流对降雨响应更快,地表径流系数0.027,侵蚀模数16.68 t km-2 a-1;非隧道影响区地表径流系数0.013,侵蚀模数7.73 t km-2 a-1。相反,隧道影响区产生的壤中流产流系数仅为非隧道影响区的31%。对一场强降雨监测发现,两径流小区坡面流中δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O相似,但壤中流中却差异较大。用氢氧同位素混合模型分析得出隧道影响区坡面流、壤中流中降雨贡献率均大于非隧道影响区,侵蚀能力更强。这与土壤含水率减小和土壤结构的差异有关:隧道影响区土壤中粘粒的含量高于非隧道影响区,且出现上粘下松的异常土壤结构,使土壤下渗能力降低,地表径流增加。较小的土壤含水率与土壤粒径也有利于土壤搬运。研究为隧道工程导致的喀斯特区水土流失研究提供了基础数据,为喀斯特区水土流失防治和石漠化治理研究提供了新视角。
文摘重庆丰都雪玉洞群包括羊子洞、雪玉洞和水鸣洞,西南大学的研究团队从2008年开始对雪玉洞群开展了系统的现代过程监测,以了解洞穴系统气候和环境信息的传输、转化和记录过程。通过对雪玉洞洞穴内外的大气、植被、土壤、基岩、滴水和洞穴沉积物等的动态监测,研究了碳酸盐沉积过程的水化学指标变化,揭示了现代洞穴滴水的影响因素和变化过程,以及碳酸盐沉积物对现代气候环境变化的响应,也为古气候的定量化研究提供了基础支撑。现代过程监测记录表明:雪玉洞CO_(2)主要来源于上覆土壤,其季节变化受降水的影响较大;在短时间尺度上受到游客旅游活动的影响明显,但幅度远远小于自然过程引起的变化。雪玉洞内次生沉积物的沉积速率具有明显的旱季、雨季特征,不同滴水点下方沉积物的沉积速率变化较大。雪玉洞群三个洞穴的石笋古环境记录研究表明,本区石笋的230Th/232Th比值较适合高精度铀系测年;部分石笋沉积速率较快,平均沉积速率达到0.25 mm·a^(-1),可以开展高分辨率的气候和环境变化研究。羊子洞YZ1石笋的年龄范围在116~3 ka B.P.之间(平均测年精度2σ,269年),覆盖了整个末次冰期,δ^(18)O和δ^(13)C的变化曲线和东亚季风区的其他记录具有明显的一致性。同位素测试的时间分辨率平均为88年,成功记录了一些百年-千年尺度的气候突变事件,如Heinrich事件、7.2 ka事件、小冰期等。在精确年代学的基础上,雪玉洞群石笋具有重建高分辨率气候环境变化的潜力。
