Increased population exposures to extreme precipitation in Central Asia under 1.5℃ and 2℃ global warming scenarios

The increase in extreme precipitation(EP)may pose a serious threat to the health and safety of population in arid and semi-arid regions.The current research on the impact of EP on population in Central Asia(CA)is insufficient and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive assessment.Hence,we opted for precipitation and temperature data under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)from ten Global Climate Models(GCMs),which were obtained from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP-CMIP6).By integrating population data in 2020 and 2050(SSP2 and SSP5),we investigated the future changes in EP and population exposure in CA under 1.5℃and 2℃global warming scenarios(GWSs).Our analysis indicates that EP in CA is projected to increase with global warming.Under the SSP5-8.5,the maximum daily precipitation(Rx1day)exhibits an average response rate to global warming of 3.58%/K(1.99-4.06%/K).With rising temperatures,an increasing number of areas and populations in CA will be impacted by EP,especially in the Fergana valley.Approximately 25%of the population(land area)in CA is exposed to Rx1day with increases of more than 8.31%(9.32%)under 1.5℃GWS and 14.18%(13.25%)under 2℃GWS.Controlling temperature rise can be effective in reducing population exposures to EP.For instance,limiting the temperature increase to 1.5℃instead of 2℃results in a 2.79%(1.75%-4.59%)reduction in population exposure to Rx1day.Finally,we found that climate change serves as the predominant factor influencing the population exposure to EP,while the role of population redistribution,although relatively minor,should not be disregarded.Particularly for prolonged drought,the role of population redistribution manifests negatively.

Comprehensively analyzing the genetic alterations,and identifying key genes in ovarian cancer

Though significant improvements have been made in the treatment methods for ovarian cancer(OC),the prognosis for OC patients is still poor.Exploring hub genes associated with the development of OC and utilizing them as appropriate potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets is highly valuable.In this study,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified from an independent GSE69428 Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)dataset between OC and control samples.The DEGs were processed to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network using STRING.Later,hub genes were identified through Cytohubba analysis of the Cytoscape.Expression and survival profiling of the hub genes were validated using GEPIA,OncoDB,and GENT2.For exploring promoter methylation levels and genetic alterations in hub genes,MEXPRESS and cBioPortal were utilized,respectively.Moreover,DAVID,HPA,TIMER,CancerSEA,ENCORI,DrugBank,and GSCAlite were used for gene enrichment analysis,subcellular localization analysis,immune cell infiltration analysis,exploring correlations between hub genes and different diverse states,lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-regulatory network analysis,predicting hub gene-associated drugs,and conducting drug sensitivity analysis,respectively.In total,8947 DEGs were found between OC and normal samples in GSE69428.After STRING and Cytohubba analysis,4 hub genes including TTK(TTK Protein Kinase),(BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B)BUB1B,(Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1)NUSAP1,and(ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein)ZWINT were selected as the hub genes.Further,it was validated that these 4 hub genes were significantly up-regulated in OC samples compared to normal controls,but overexpression of these genes was not associated with overall survival(OS).However,genetic alterations in those genes were found to be linked with OS and disease-free(DFS)survival.Moreover,this study also revealed some novel links between TTK,BUB1B,NUSAP1,and ZWINT overexpression and promoter methylation status,immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,gene enrichment terms,and various chemotherapeutic drugs.Four hub genes,including TTK,BUB1B,NUSAP1,and ZWINT,were revealed as tumor-promotive factors in OC,having the potential to be utilized as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC management.