Spatio-temporal Analysis of Urban Spatial Interaction in Globalizing China—A Case Study of Beijing-Shanghai Corridor

This paper aims to explore urban geography with a new perspective. Endowed with the urban geography connotations, an improved data field model is employed to integrate temporal dimension into spatial process of cities in a typical region in this article. Taking the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor including 18 cities as an example, the authors chose the city centricity index (CCI) and the spatial data field model to analyze the evolution process and features of sub-region and urban spatial interaction in this corridor based on the data of 1991, 1996 and 2002. Through the analy- sis, we found that: 1) with the improvement of the urbanization level and the development of urban economy, the cit- ies’ CCI grew, the urban spatial radiative potential enhanced and the radiative range expanded gradually, which reflects the urban spatial interaction’s intensity has been increasing greatly; 2) although the spatial interaction intensity among the cities and sub-regions in the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor was growing constantly, the gap of the spatial interaction strength among different cities and sub-regions was widening, and the spatial division between the developed areas and the less developed areas was obvious; and 3) the intensity of the spatial interaction of Beijing, Shanghai and their urban agglomerations was far greater than that in small cities of other parts of the corridor, and it may have a strong drive force on the choice of spatial location of the economic activities.

跨区域重大交通工程空间效应评估的地理学思路

地理学擅长从服务区域发展和国家重大战略的视角评估跨区域重大交通工程的空间效应,但系统性的评估思路和体系仍需探索性创新。本文首先界定了跨区域重大交通工程的定义,探讨了空间效应的内涵和特征;在此基础上,提出了跨区域重大交通工程空间效应的评估思路,并展望了该领域重点研究议题。研究认为,跨区域重大交通工程空间效应评估应基于系统观和整体观,从综合性和区域性的视角出发,厘清工程对与之相关的人地关系地域系统功能、形态和结构等的影响,从自然–经济–技术的复合维度探索避免或最小化消极影响以及最大化积极影响的策略与措施,服务于跨区域重大交通工程的决策、运维管理与风险控制,促进相关人地关系地域系统的整体优化与综合平衡;评估要点包括问题导向与目标导向相统一、科学预判未来发展情景、全生命周期动态追踪评估、积极与消极影响兼顾、定性与定量方法相结合、多学科领域评估体系衔接与互动等。

Measurement and Spatial Distribution of Urban Land Use Compactness in Chaoyang District of Beijing,China

China is in the process of rapid urbanization,and wise land use is critical to the long-term sustainability of Chinese cities.Promotion of a compact city is typically believed to be helpful for sustainable land use management.However,given the fact that Chinese cities are characterized by high population densities,the applicability of a more compact solution to expand cities in China remains questionable;there is little evidence to support the many claims in its favor.In seeking to provide empirical data to explore the application of compact city theory in China,one of the key problems researchers face is the task of measuring the urban compactness,in order to objectively investigate the current characteristics of urban compactness.To meet this need,indices were developed for measuring the urban land use compactness,by which the spatial distribution characteristics of urban land use compactness were identified and applied to the Chaoyang District of Beijing.The conclusions can be made as follows:(1) comprehensive land use compactness in Chaoyang District has increased during the period of 2001-2007,especially the population density;(2) the spatial distribution of land use compactness has the characteristics of a ring structure,which shows a decreasing trend with its distance to the city center;(3) there is a strong positive correlation between urban land use compactness and location.The better the location is,the higher the land use compactness is.

基于BP神经网络模型的福建海域赤潮预报方法研究

赤潮往往给渔业生产和人类的生命安全造成极大的危害,但由于赤潮的成因十分复杂,对其进行预报非常困难。本研究收集了福建海区2000年至2016年发生的219个赤潮案例有效数据,应用BP神经网络人工智能模型建立了其与气温、降水、风速、气压和日照5个气象因子的非线性关系,并将这些赤潮案例数据与相应的气象指标按闽东、闽中和闽南3个海区,分别输入模型进行学习、训练与预测。结果显示:1)闽东海区53个训练样本45个预测正确,正确率达84.91%,3个模拟预测样本全部正确;2)闽中海区69个训练样本58个预测正确,正确率达84.06%,4个模拟预测样本全部正确;3)闽南海区85个训练样本的运算预测结果63个正确,正确率74.12%,5个模拟预测样本全部正确,达到预期的结果。研究表明,以气象因子为自变量采用BP神经网络模型对赤潮的发生进行预测是可行的,该方法可为赤潮的预测提供新的途径。

新发展阶段背景下成渝地区双城经济圈的发展优势与方向

我国已经进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新阶段,成渝地区面临新的发展机遇.2020年党中央提出了推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设的战略,开启了成渝地区双城经济圈建设时代.该文在总结我国区域发展战略演进及成渝地区发展定位的基础上,分析了成渝地区双城经济圈发展的有利条件和潜力,评价了其比较优势和状态,提出了深度融入国家“双循环”新发展格局、积极探索集约高效发展新模式、推进低碳宜居新型城镇化以及推进形成和谐发展新格局等建议.

基于高速公路流的东北大都市区边界识别与结构特征研究

利用高速公路收费站数据分析东北大都市区的空间边界与中心-外围结构特征。研究发现,①中心城市高速公路流随距离的分布符合距离衰减规律,随规模位序的累积分布符合“二八定律”,但在具体的指标阈值上却表现出显著差异。②四大都市区在空间上相连,以较小的国土面积承载了区域主要的社会经济活动。沈阳都市区和大连都市区在城镇关联体系中已实现融合;沈阳都市区、长春都市区、哈尔滨都市区间的空间联系则相对松散。③高速公路流空间下,各大都市区中心-外围空间结构表现出空间圈层、功能廊道和边界切割的典型特征。

近25年来国内外可持续发展研究热点追踪——基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析

可持续发展是一个全球性话题,也是国内外学者的研究热点。基于CNKI与WOS(Web of Science)核心数据库,利用CiteSpace软件,对1994—2018年国内外可持续发展研究热点进行追踪和分析。研究表明:1)国内外可持续发展研究热点主要集中在社会、经济、环境等多维度和多尺度研究、可持续发展能力评价、可持续发展战略和政策研究等方面,但侧重点有所不同。2)国外研究机构的合作联系比较密切,而国内研究机构的合作联系相对分散。3)国内可持续发展研究集中在宏观和中观区域尺度,而国外在社区等微观区域尺度的研究较为丰富。4)国内研究较多揭示可持续发展存在的问题,而国外研究则强调科技、信息、创新等新因素对可持续发展的推动作用。通过国内外研究热点的对比分析,提出中国可持续发展研究的未来发展方向。

Understanding Relationship Between Accessibility and Economic Growth:A Case Study from China(1990–2010)

China′s economy and transport infrastructure have both experienced rapid development since 1978, and especially since 1990. Today, China is the second-largest economic entity in terms of GDP and has the largest high-speed rail(HSR) network and the second-largest expressway network in the world. This paper explores the relationship between accessibility and economic growth in China from 1990 to 2010. In the study, the basic research units include 333 prefecture-level cities and four municipalities. We explore a bivariate analysis framework of accessibility and economic growth, and their increase rates, to examine this relationship using long-term panel data. The results indicate that, first, accessibility and economic growth show a significant positive relationship using both cross-section and panel data, while the increase rate in accessibility and GDP indicate no significant relationship using cross-section data and a poor significant relationship using panel data. Second, the distributions of local advantage are uneven. Cities with low local advantage with respect to accessibility and GDP are mainly located in China′s eastern coastal region or the provincial capitals, while those with low local advantage in terms of their increase rates are located in the western region. Third, as China′s economic growth and transport networks have evolved, the distribution of local advantage shows little change in terms of accessibility and GDP, but a greater change in terms of their increase rates, which is largely influenced by the distribution of expressway and HSR networks.

Spatial Interaction and Network Structure Evolvement of Cities in Terms of China's Rail Passenger Flows

Cities separated in space are connected together by spatial interaction (SI) between them. But the studies focusing on the SI are relatively few in China mainly because of the scarcity of data. This paper deals with the SI in terms of rail passenger flows, which is an important aspect of the network structure of urban agglomeration. By using a data set consisting of rail O-D (origin-destination) passenger flows among nearly 200 cities, intercity rail distance O-D matrixes, and some other indices, it is found that the attenuating tendency of rail passenger is obvious. And by the analysis on dominant flows and spatial structure of flows, we find that passenger flows have a trend of polarizing to hubs while the linkages between hubs upgrade. However, the gravity model reveals an overall picture of convergence process over time which is not in our expectation of integration process in the framework of globalization and economic integration. Some driven factors for the re-organization process of the structure of urban agglomeration, such as technique advance, globalization, etc. are discussed further based on the results we obtained.

Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Geographical Determinants of Air Quality in Cities at the Prefecture Level and Above in China

In recent years, the large scale and frequency of severe air pollution in China has become an important consideration in the construction of livable cities and the physical and mental health of urban residents. Based on the 2016-year urban air quality index(AQI) data published by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of air quality and its influencing factors in 338 urban units nationwide. The analysis provides an effective scientific basis for formulating national air pollution control measures. Four key results are shown. 1) Generally, air quality in the 338 cities is poor, and the average annual values for urban AQI and air pollution in 2016 were 79.58% and 21.22%, respectively. 2) The air quality index presents seasonal changes, with winter > spring > autumn > summer and a u-shaped trend. 3) The spatial distribution of the urban air quality index shows clear north-south characteristic differences and a spatial agglomeration effect; the high value area of air pollution is mainly concentrated in the North China Plain and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 4) An evaluation of the spatial econometric model shows that differences in urban air quality are due to social, economic, and natural factors.

Transportation Development Transition in China

Scientific development is an invaluable asset to a country.Policies and development modes should be carried out based on scientific findings not only in industry,but also in transportation infrastructure construction.Building an integrated transportation system,which is in line with the national requirements of China and supports sustainable socio-economic development,is a key strategic issue related to building a moderately prosperous society and achieving realistic goals of a medium-level developed country.Based on a systematic review of the advances in China's transportation infrastructure over the last 60 years,this paper explores the main drivers of transportation development,including national policy,transportation structure,investment efficiency,and technological innovation.Analysis shows that China's comprehensive transportation infrastructure construction since 1949 can be divided into five stages initiated by these drivers,which correspond to four transition modes:policy transition,structural transition,efficiency transition,and technology transition.The transition path of China's transportation development shows that the dominant factors have changed,and the interval for each transition has shortened.With the implementation of the '12th Five-Year Plan',China's transportation infrastructure construction is showing some new characteristics and facing a new development transition.Finally,this paper analyzes the trends in transportation development in China and concludes that technological innovation will be the main driving force to increase the transportation supply and service area in the future.

Identification and Comparison of Aircraft Industry Clusters in China and United States

Aircraft industry is very important to the economy and security of a country,and aircraft industry clusters have already existed in the world.Based on Input-Output data and Czamanski's method,the aircraft industry clusters in China and USA were identified quantitatively in this paper.Furthermore,this article carried out comparison analyses of the identification results.The research finds out:1) a mature aircraft industry cluster would be generally composed of 7 industrial subgroups,including aircraft industry,metal making and products manufacturing industry,machinery and equipment industry,electronics industry,automobile industry,material industry and others,and electronics industrial subgroup will play a more and more important role in the cluster;2) in the range of industry-covering,the level of industry-linkage,and the economic performance,there is a tremendously large gap between the aircraft industry cluster of China and that of USA;3) the spatial evolution of these clusters or centers is highly consistent with the diffusion of a country's industrialization.Finally,based on those findings,the paper gives some advice on how to improve Czamanski's method and what China should do to develop its own competitive aircraft industry:1) China should employ institutional innovation,and turn to be market-oriented;2) China should abandon the traditional pattern of closed-development,and strengthen the interaction and collaboration between aircraft industry and related industries,especially the electronics industry;3) China should rectify and perfect its spatial development planning of aircraft industry.

黄河流域数字经济产业空间格局演化及影响因素

[目的]数字经济作为具有创新性、进步性和延展性的新型经济形态,是推动黄河流域高质量发展,创造区域竞争新优势的重要驱动力。探究黄河流域数字经济企业空间格局演变及影响因素对于实现数字经济重塑经济地理格局具有重要意义。[方法]基于黄河流域2002-2019年13万余家数字经济企业数据,利用标准差椭圆、核密度估计及多尺度地理加权回归模型等方法,探究黄河流域数字经济企业空间格局分布及影响因素。[结果]①研究期内黄河流域数字经济企业数量显著增加,表现出“下游城市>中游城市>上游城市”的特征,空间总体呈现“东强-西弱”格局及“收缩化”趋势,各城市群数字经济企业分布在发展过程中差异显著。②数字产业中的制造业分布呈现“下游城市核心突出,中上游城市有序扩张”的趋势,数字技术应用业呈现“中下游城市连接紧密,多核心片状分布”的趋势。③数字产业制造业企业选址时较注重区位因素,具备路径依赖的特征,数字技术应用业企业选址更注重区位和技术因素,兼具路径依赖与路径创造的特征。[结论]因地制宜发展数字经济是实现黄河流域高质量发展的重要手段,建议从完善基础、精准布局、促进创新、优化结构等方面推动数字经济产业释放潜能。

Scientific Basis and Technological Path of Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment

The study tries to set up a system to extract strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in exploitation of regional development based on the present situation of environmental assessment in China. First, the article summarizes the emphasis and deficiency of international academic community’s SEA research in the past 10 years. Based on this, the article puts forward the concept and evaluation principles of regional strategic environmental assessment (RSEA). Then the article expounds the necessity of carrying out RSEA. After that, the article discusses in detail the process of RSEA, which includes defining evaluation scope, describing regional background, combing strategic behavior, designing development scenarios, predicting the pressure on environment, assessing environmental impact, screening alternatives and proposing regulation and control schemes.

面向中国式现代化的国家水网建设方向与战略途径

国家水网是保障国家水安全的重要基础和支撑,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的先行领域。文章在总结我国水利建设发展历程和主要成就的基础上,从国家水网建设的地理效应、中国式现代化对国家水网建设的要求和目标等方面进行了深入分析,提出了推进中国式现代化国家水网建设的战略途径。研究认为:(1)改革开放以来,我国水利建设经历了政策调整、管理变轨、民生发展和制度保障4个阶段,2023年进入全局统筹阶段,形成了显著的经济、社会、生态和安全效益。(2)缓解生态文明建设和经济社会高质量发展面临的水资源短缺、水环境污染和水生态损害等瓶颈制约,形成与基本实现社会主义现代化相适应的国家水安全保障体系,是新发展阶段中国式现代化对国家水网建设的基本要求。(3)未来应立足流域整体和水资源空间均衡,用系统思维统筹水的全过程治理,分流域、分层级推进国家水网“一张网”建设,促进人水关系协调和人地关系地域系统整体优化,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力的水安全保障。

我国国土空间综合功能区布局和近期区域指引

“四大板块”总体战略叠加区域重大战略和主体功能区战略,有力支撑了我国区域协调发展,但也因战略分割带来了资源浪费、区域发展不协调加剧等潜在风险。文章在归纳我国区域协调发展形势的基础上,从战略协同融合的视角,突出国土空间全覆盖、核心引领和重大战略指引,提出了综合功能区布局方案,将我国划分为京津冀地区、长三角地区、长江中游地区、长江上游地区、南部沿海地区、黄河下游地区及汾渭谷地、黄河“几字弯”地区、东北地区、西北干旱区、青藏高原十大片区,并探讨了不同片区的功能定位和近期重点任务,以期为构建优势互补、高质量发展的国土空间开发保护格局提供参考。

成熟型资源城市转型升级的路径依赖或路径创造——基于新企业进入视角

Firm entry plays an important role in the industrial transformation of mature resource-based cities.This study describes the industrial evolution of resource-based cities at the firm level and uses kernel density estimation and econometric models to study the spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of new firm entry from 2011 to 2019 in four mature resource-based cities.The results are summarized as follows:(1)New resource-based firm entry tends to be natural resource-oriented and path-dependent.The new non-resource-based firms show a high concentration in central urban areas,and the industry types are mainly wholesale and retail of resource products,cultural tourism,and equipment manufacturing.(2)Heterogeneous incumbent firms affect firm entry differently.Affected by competition and agglomeration effects,resource-based and non-resource-based incumbent firms have negative and positive impacts on new resource-based firm entry,respectively.Resourcebased incumbent firm agglomeration positively influences new non-resource-based firm entry.(3)Besides incumbent firms,firm entry can also be affected by multidimensional factors,such as factor costs,economic environment,and institutional environment.Research on new firm entry can better reveal the path dependence and path creation process of the industrial development of resource-based cities from a micro-perspective.

Location characteristics and differentiation mechanism of logistics nodes and logistics enterprises based on points of interest （POI）： A case study of Beijing

The logistics nodes and logistics enterprises are the core carriers and organiza- tional subjects of the logistics space, and their location characteristics and differentiation strategies are of key importance to optimizing urban logistics spatial patterns and ensuring reasonable resource allocation. Based on Tencent Online Maps Platform from December 2014, 4396 logistics points of interest （POI） were collected in Beijing, China. By the methods of industrial concentration evaluation and kernel density analysis, the spatial distribution pattern of logistics in Beijing are explored, the interaction mechanism among the type differ- ence, supply-demand side factors and location choice behavior are clarified, and the internal mechanism of spatial differentiation under the combined influence of transportation, land rent and assets are revealed. The following conclusions are drawn in the paper. （1） Logistics en- terprises and logistics nodes exhibit the characteristic of both co-agglomeration and spatial separation in location, and logistics activities display the spatial pattern of ＂marginal area of downtown area, suburbs and exurban area＂, which have a weak coupling degree with logis- tics employment space. （2） The public logistics space, namely, logistics parks and logistics centers, is produced under the guidance of the government, and the terminal logistics space consisting of logistics distribution centers serving for the specific industries and terminal users is dominated by enterprises. The Iocational differentiation between the two modes of logistics space is significant. （3） In the formation of the logistics spatial location, the government can change the traffic condition by re-planning the transport routes and freight station locations, and control the land rent and availability of different areas by increasing or decreasing the land use of logistics, to impact the enterprise behavior and form different types of logistics space and function differentiation. In comparison, logistics enterprises meet the diverse de- mands of service objects through differentiation of asset allocation to promote the specializa- tion of division and form the object differentiation of logistics space.

新时代交通强国的地理内涵与目标

建设交通强国对实现中国式现代化、全面建成社会主义现代化强国具有重要的支撑引领功能。改革开放以来,我国交通运输发展经历了瓶颈制约、总体缓解、基本适应三个阶段,进入引领发展阶段;基本矛盾转化为不平衡不充分的交通运输发展无法满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要。交通强国的基本内涵包括“自身强”和“强国家”两个维度,要求以人文—经济活动的空间格局和秩序为基本依据,顺应信息时代人类活动时空组织模式的革新,通过应用新技术、创新服务模式和业态,满足人民群众对高品质交通的需求;在构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展、支撑美丽中国建设、维护国家安全等方面充分发挥交通运输在国民经济社会体系中的基础性、先导性、服务性和战略性作用,推动形成和谐、有序的人地关系地域系统,有力支撑国家重大战略实施、现代化经济体系构建和社会主义现代化强国建设。

20世纪中叶以来全球经济地理格局的演化特征与模式

在百年未有之大变局的历史性转折点上,采用重心模型、位序-规模模型和弹性系数等方法,对20世纪中叶以来全球经济地理格局演化的模式及特征进行分析。结果显示:全球经济地理格局呈现增长态势阶段性放缓、经济重心东移、经济发展极化程度下降以及以贸易为主要动力的发展态势,形成了区域性经济一体化发展、区域经济发展的空间溢出以及产业链关联等演化模式。未来,全球性与区域性经济治理、地缘关系等因素将持续影响全球经济地理格局演化,全球经济重心将持续东移,全球经济格局演化和国际秩序变革将加速推进,各国应携手应对全球性问题,推动人类经济社会发展。