Constraints Separation Based Evolutionary Multitasking for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Problems

Constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs)generally contain multiple constraints,which not only form multiple discrete feasible regions but also reduce the size of optimal feasible regions,thus they propose serious challenges for solvers.Among all constraints,some constraints are highly correlated with optimal feasible regions;thus they can provide effective help to find feasible Pareto front.However,most of the existing constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms tackle constraints by regarding all constraints as a whole or directly ignoring all constraints,and do not consider judging the relations among constraints and do not utilize the information from promising single constraints.Therefore,this paper attempts to identify promising single constraints and utilize them to help solve CMOPs.To be specific,a CMOP is transformed into a multitasking optimization problem,where multiple auxiliary tasks are created to search for the Pareto fronts that only consider a single constraint respectively.Besides,an auxiliary task priority method is designed to identify and retain some high-related auxiliary tasks according to the information of relative positions and dominance relationships.Moreover,an improved tentative method is designed to find and transfer useful knowledge among tasks.Experimental results on three benchmark test suites and 11 realworld problems with different numbers of constraints show better or competitive performance of the proposed method when compared with eight state-of-the-art peer methods.

Multiobjective Differential Evolution for Higher-Dimensional Multimodal Multiobjective Optimization

In multimodal multiobjective optimization problems(MMOPs),there are several Pareto optimal solutions corre-sponding to the identical objective vector.This paper proposes a new differential evolution algorithm to solve MMOPs with higher-dimensional decision variables.Due to the increase in the dimensions of decision variables in real-world MMOPs,it is diffi-cult for current multimodal multiobjective optimization evolu-tionary algorithms(MMOEAs)to find multiple Pareto optimal solutions.The proposed algorithm adopts a dual-population framework and an improved environmental selection method.It utilizes a convergence archive to help the first population improve the quality of solutions.The improved environmental selection method enables the other population to search the remaining decision space and reserve more Pareto optimal solutions through the information of the first population.The combination of these two strategies helps to effectively balance and enhance conver-gence and diversity performance.In addition,to study the per-formance of the proposed algorithm,a novel set of multimodal multiobjective optimization test functions with extensible decision variables is designed.The proposed MMOEA is certified to be effective through comparison with six state-of-the-art MMOEAs on the test functions.

Seismic identification and characterization of complex storage space oil and gas reservoirs

To predict complex reservoir spaces(with developed caves,pores,and fractures),based on the results of full-azimuth depth migration processing,we adopted reverse weighted nonlinear inversion to improve the accuracy of porous reservoir prediction.Scattering imaging three-parameter wavelet transform technology was used to accurately predict small-scale cave bodies.The joint inversion method of velocity and amplitude anisotropy was developed to improve the accuracy of small and medium-sized fracture prediction.The results of multiscale fracture modeling and characterization,interwell connectivity analysis,and connection path prediction are consistent with the production condition.Finally,based on the above prediction findings,favorable reservoir development areas were predicted.The above ideas and strategies have great application value for the efficient exploration and development of complex storage space reservoirs and the optimization of high-yield well locations.

Sorbitol-Electrolyte-Additive Based Reversible Zinc Electrochemistry

The unstable zinc(Zn)/electrolyte interfaces formed by undesired dendrites and parasitic side reactions greatly hinder the development of aqueous zinc ion batteries.Herein,the hydroxy-rich sorbitol was used as an additive to reshape the solvation structure and modulate the interface chemistry.The strong interactions among sorbitol and both water molecules and Zn electrode can reduce the free water activity,optimize the solvation shell of water and Zn^(2+)ions,and regulate the formation of local water(H_(2)O)-poor environment on the surface of Zn electrode,which effectively inhibit the decomposition of water molecules,and thus,achieve the thermodynamically stable and highly reversible Zn electrochemistry.As a result,the assembled Zn/Zn symmetric cells with the sorbitol additive realized an excellent cycling life of 2000 h at 1 mA·cm^(-2)and 1 mAh·cm^(-2),and over 250 h at 5 mA.cm^(-2)and 5 mAh.cm^(-2).Moreover,the Zn/Cu asymmetric cells with the sorbitol additive achieved a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%,obtaining a better performance than that with a pure 2 mol-L^(-1)ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.And the constructed Zn/poly1,5-naphthalenediamine(PNDA)batteries could be stably discharged for 2300 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)with an excellent capacity retention rate.This result indicates that the addition of 1 mol-L^(-1)non-toxic sorbitol into a conventional ZnSO_(4)electrolyte can successfully protect the Zn anode interface by improving the electrochemical properties of Zn reversible deposition/decomposition,which greatly promotes its cycle performance,providing a new approach in future development of high performance aqueous Zn ion batteries.

Hepatomegaly and jaundice as the presenting symptoms of systemic light-chain amyloidosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Light chain(AL)amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the pathologic production and extracellular tissue deposition of fibrillar proteins derived from immunoglobulin AL fragments secreted by a clone of plasma cells,which leads to progressive dysfunction of the affected organs.The two most commonly affected organs are the heart and kidneys,and liver is rarely the dominant affected organ with only 3.9%of cases,making them prone to misdia-gnosis and missed diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old woman was admitted with a 3-mo history of progressive jaundice and marked hepatomegaly.Initially,based on enhanced computed tomography scan and angiography,Budd-Chiari syndrome was considered and balloon dilatation of significant hepatic vein stenoses was performed.However,addi-tional diagnostic procedures,including liver biopsy and bone marrow-exami-nation,revealed immunoglobulin kapa AL amyloidosis with extensive liver involvement and hepatic vascular compression.The disease course was progre-ssive and fatal,and the patient eventually died 5 mo after initial presentation of symptoms.CONCLUSION AL amyloidosis with isolated liver involvement is very rare,and can be easily misdiagnosed as a vascular disease.

A Localization Method of High Energy Transients for All-sky Gamma-ray Monitor

Fast and reliable localization of high-energy transients is crucial for characterizing the burst properties and guiding the follow-up observations.Localization based on the relative counts of different detectors has been widely used for all-sky gamma-ray monitors.There are two major methods for this count distribution localization:χ^(2)minimization method and the Bayesian method.Here we propose a modified Bayesian method that could take advantage of both the accuracy of the Bayesian method and the simplicity of the χ^(2)method.With comprehensive simulations,we find that our Bayesian method with Poisson likelihood is generally more applicable for various bursts than the χ^(2)method,especially for weak bursts.We further proposed a location-spectrum iteration approach based on the Bayesian inference,which could alleviate the problems caused by the spectral difference between the burst and location templates.Our method is very suitable for scenarios with limited computation resources or timesensitive applications,such as in-flight localization software,and low-latency localization for rapidly follow-up observations.

The Design of GECAM Scientific Ground Segment

The Gravitational wave burst high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM)is a dedicated mission for monitoring high-energy transients.Here we report the design of the GECAM Scientific Ground Segment(GSGS)in terms of the scientific requirements,including the architecture,the external interfaces,the main function,and workflow.Judging from the analysis and verification results during the commissioning phase,the GSGS functions well and is able to monitor the status of the payloads,adjust the parameters,develop the scientific observation plans,generate the scientific data products,analyze the data,etc.Thus,the on-orbit operation and scientific researches of GECAM are guaranteed.

硫利达嗪通过调控miR-3174表达对肝癌Huh-7细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的 探讨硫利达嗪对肝癌Huh-7细胞生物行为的影响和机制。方法肝癌Huh-7细胞分为对照组及硫利达嗪低、中、高浓度组。转染miR-3174模拟物及其阴性对照、miR-3174抑制物及其阴性对照至Huh-7细胞,并用硫利达嗪处理miR-3174模拟物。CCK-8法和平板克隆实验检测硫利达嗪对Huh-7细胞增殖的影响;划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验检测硫利达嗪对Huh-7细胞迁移和侵袭的影响;实时荧光定量PCR检测硫利达嗪对Huh-7细胞中miR-3174表达的影响。蛋白质印迹法检测E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)的表达。并通过上述方法检测干扰miR-3174表达或上调miR-3174联合硫利达嗪对Huh-7细胞生物行为的影响。结果硫利达嗪处理和干扰miR-3174表达后Huh-7细胞中miR-3174表达降低,增殖、迁移和侵袭能力及N-cadherin蛋白表达降低,E-cadherin蛋白表达升高(P <0.05)。上调miR-3174表达可减弱硫利达嗪处理对Huh-7细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。结论 硫利达嗪通过下调miR-3174表达可抑制肝癌Huh-7细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。

去上皮快速角膜胶原交联术治疗进展期圆锥角膜

目的:研究去上皮快速角膜胶原交联术(CXL)治疗进展期圆锥角膜的疗效。方法:回顾性研究。收集2020-04/2021-12就诊于宁夏回族自治区人民医院宁夏眼科医院行去上皮快速CXL的进展期圆锥角膜患者32例43眼。于术前及术后1、3、6mo行裂隙灯、眼压、裸眼视力、矫正视力、角膜内皮镜、眼前节分析仪Pentacam和可视化角膜生物力学Corvis ST检查,记录手术前后角膜情况、裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、角膜内皮数、角膜最大曲率(Kmax)、角膜厚度最薄点(TCT)、前后表面K1、K2值、矫正眼内压(bIOP)、第一次压平时间(A1T)、第一次压平长度(A1L)、第一次压平速度(A1V)、第二次压平时间(A2T)、第二次压平长度(A2L)、第二次压平速度(A2V))、最大形变幅度(HCDA)、最大形变曲率半径(HCR)、最大压陷时两峰间距(HCPD)、第1次压平时角膜硬度(SP-A1))值。结果:术前、术后6mo UCVA(LogMAR)(1.06±0.49、0.78±0.39)和BCVA(LogMAR)(0.48±0.34、0.38±0.29)比较均有差异(P<0.05),角膜内皮细胞比较无差异(2917.39±288.38 vs 2959.19±336.27cells/mm 2,P=0.477)。手术前后Kmax、TCT、前表面K1、K2值、后表面K1值比较均有差异(P<0.05),且均在术后1mo升高,术后3mo后恢复至术前水平,而后表面K2值比较无差异。手术前后A1T、HCPD、SP-A1比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),A1L、A1V、A2T、A2L、A2V、HCDA、HCR、bIOP比较无差异(P>0.05)结论:去上皮快速CXL在术后6mo内能够阻止进展期圆锥角膜进展并且具有一定的安全性。

疏肝降脂汤联合门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸治疗病毒性肝炎后脂肪肝的临床效果

目的探讨中药疏肝降脂汤联合门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸(LOLA)治疗病毒性肝炎后脂肪肝的临床疗效及应用价值。方法纳入2018年10月至2020年10月在河北省胸科医院诊治的病毒性肝炎后脂肪肝患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组给予LOLA治疗,试验组在对照组治疗的基础上给予疏肝降脂汤治疗,观察比较两组治疗前后肝功能、血脂及免疫功能变化情况。结果研究共纳入患者144例,对照组和试验组各72例。治疗后试验组总有效率为93.06%,显著高于对照组的79.17%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷氨酰转肽酶、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯显著降低(P<0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇值与CD4+T淋巴细胞比例高于治疗前(P<0.05),试验组高于对照组(P<0.05),但CD8+T淋巴细胞比例变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组脂肪肝超声分级优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论疏肝降脂汤联合门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸可改善病毒性肝炎后脂肪肝患者的免疫功能,提高患者肝功能,平衡血脂水平,持续改善患者的预后。

基于Ghost-CA-YOLOv4的果园障碍物检测算法

针对无人农机在复杂果园环境中检测障碍物存在实时性、精确性不足的问题,提出基于YOLOv4改进的Ghost-CA-YOLOv4果园障碍物检测算法。选用轻量化网络GhostNet作为主干特征提取网络,在GhostNet中引入注意力机制(CA)对空间信息和通道信息进行融合,提升目标关注度。同时,使用Soft-CIoU-NMS算法增强在目标密集或重叠时的检测效果。自制的果园障碍物数据集实验表明,所提算法的mAP值达到90.75%,在检测精度保持不变的情况下,模型大小压缩为传统YOLOv4模型的18.24%,FPS为45,可更好地为无人农机作业提供安全保障。

Evolutionary Multitasking With Global and Local Auxiliary Tasks for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization

Constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs) include the optimization of objective functions and the satisfaction of constraint conditions, which challenge the solvers.To solve CMOPs, constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(CMOEAs) have been developed. However, most of them tend to converge into local areas due to the loss of diversity. Evolutionary multitasking(EMT) is new model of solving complex optimization problems, through the knowledge transfer between the source task and other related tasks. Inspired by EMT, this paper develops a new EMT-based CMOEA to solve CMOPs, in which the main task, a global auxiliary task, and a local auxiliary task are created and optimized by one specific population respectively. The main task focuses on finding the feasible Pareto front(PF), and global and local auxiliary tasks are used to respectively enhance global and local diversity. Moreover, the global auxiliary task is used to implement the global search by ignoring constraints, so as to help the population of the main task pass through infeasible obstacles. The local auxiliary task is used to provide local diversity around the population of the main task, so as to exploit promising regions. Through the knowledge transfer among the three tasks, the search ability of the population of the main task will be significantly improved. Compared with other state-of-the-art CMOEAs, the experimental results on three benchmark test suites demonstrate the superior or competitive performance of the proposed CMOEA.

Development of plant cytosine base editors with the Cas12a system

Base editors of the Cas9 system have been widely used for precise nucleotide substitution in crops. In this study, Cas12a was applied to construct plant cytosine base editors(CBEs). The main elements of Cas12aCBEs were engineered and their efficiency was evaluated in stably transformed rice cells. An optimized ttCas12a-hyA3Bctd editor, consisting of a LbCas12a variant carrying catalytic inactive D832A and temperature-tolerance D156R double mutations, a truncated human APOBEC3B deaminase, a human RAD51 single-stranded DNA-binding domain, and double copies of UGI, outperformed other Cas12aCBEs in base editing efficiency. In T0transgenic rice plants, ttCas12a-hyA3Bctd edited an average of42.01% and a maximum of 68.75% of lines at six genomic targets. A-to-G conversions were generated in rice by an adenine base editor with a similar architecture to the optimized CBE. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of robust and efficient plant Cas12a base editing systems, which could be useful for precise crop breeding.

Rice3K56 is a high-quality SNP array for genome-based genetic studies and breeding in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)genotyping arrays provide an optimal high-throughput platform for genetic research and molecular breeding programs in both animals and plants.In this study,a highquality and custom-designed Rice3K56 SNP array was developed with the resequencing data of 3024 rice accessions worldwide,which was then tested extensively in 192 representative rice samples.Printed on the Gene Titan chips of Affymetrix Axiom each containing 56,606 SNP markers,the Rice3K56 array has a high genotyping reliability(99.6%),high and uniform genome coverage(an average of 6.7-kb between adjacent SNPs),abundant polymorphic information and easy automation,compared with previously developed rice SNP arrays.When applied in rice varietal differentiation,population diversity analysis,gene mapping of 13 complex traits by a genome-wide association study analysis(GWAS),and genome selection experiments in a recombinant inbred line and a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross populations,these properties of the Rice3K56 array were well demonstrated for its power and great potential to be a highly efficient tool for rice genetic research and genomic breeding.

Concomitant occurrences of pulmonary embolism and acute myocardial infarction in acute coronary syndrome patient undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention:a case report

Pulmonary embolism(PE),a form of venous thromboembolism,is a relatively frequent car-diovascular emergency,and a potentially life-threatening condition that needs prompt identification and treatment.[1]PE is often misdiagnosed or unrecogn-ized with many patients experiencing atypical sympt-oms.[2,3]Early diagnosis and treatment of PE are import-ant.In this case,PE was found in a 73-year-old male pa-tient with three-vessel coronary artery disease who un-derwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for concomitant acute myocardial infarction(MI).

热休克蛋白70结合蛋白1诱导星形胶质细胞内源性突变亨廷顿蛋白积聚引起神经元死亡

目的 探讨热休克蛋白70结合蛋白1(HspBP1)在亨廷顿病(HD)发病机制中的作用。方法 构建星形胶质细胞特异性表达的GFAP-HspBP1质粒,分别转染C6、GFAP-HD星形胶质细胞和HD140Q基因敲入(HDKI)小鼠的星形胶质细胞中过表达HspBP1,通过免疫染色法检测亨廷顿蛋白(HTT)和神经元相关蛋白。采用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除HDKI小鼠纹状体神经元内源性HspBp1基因,采用免疫荧光和Western Blotting法检测HTT表达水平。结果 星形胶质细胞中HspBP1过表达不影响星形胶质细胞的活性,但是却显著增加了突变型HTT(mHTT)在星形胶质细胞中的积聚。HDKI小鼠星形胶质细胞中过表达HspBP1还能够诱导纹状体中神经元广泛死亡。与之相对的,基因敲除HspBp1表达可显著减少神经元内mHTT积聚。结论 HspBP1可诱导星形胶质细胞中mHTT的积聚从而引起神经元死亡。

Combining local regional therapy and systemic therapy:Expected changes in the treatment landscape of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Improvements in early screening,new diagnostic techniques,and surgical treatment have led to continuous downward trends in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)morbidity and mortality rates.However,high recurrence and refractory cancer after hepatectomy remain important factors affecting the long-term prognosis of HCC.The clinical characteristics and prognosis of recurrent HCC are heterogeneous,and guidelines on treatment strategies for recurrent HCC are lacking.Therapies such as surgical resection,radiofrequency ablation,and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization are effective for tumors confined to the liver,and targeted therapy is a very important treatment for unresectable recurrent HCC with systemic metastasis.With the deepening of the understanding of the immune microenvironment of HCC,blocking immune checkpoints to enhance the antitumor immune response has become a new direction for the treatment of HCC.In addition,improvements in the tumor immune microenvironment caused by local treatment may provide an opportunity to improve the therapeutic effect of HCC treatment.Ongoing and future clinical trial data of combined therapy may develop the new treatment scheme for recurrent HCC.This paper reviews the pattern of recurrent HCC and the characteristics of the immune microenvironment,demonstrates the basis for combining local treatment and systemic treatment,and reports current evidence to better understand current progress and future approaches in the treatment of recurrent HCC.

Preliminary delivery efficiency prediction of nanotherapeutics into crucial cell populations in bone marrow niche

Several crucial stromal cell populations regulate hematopoiesis and malignant diseases in bone marrow niches.Precise regulation of these cell types can remodel niches and develop new therapeutics.Multiple nanocarriers have been developed to transport drugs into the bone marrow selectively.However,the delivery efficiency of these nanotherapeutics into crucial niche cells is still unknown,and there is no method available for predicting delivery efficiency in these cell types.Here,we constructed a three-dimensional bone marrow niche composed of three crucial cell populations:endothelial cells(ECs),mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),and osteoblasts(OBs).Mimetic niches were used to detect the cellular uptake of three typical drug nanocarriers into ECs/MSCs/OBs in vitro.Less than 5%of nanocarriers were taken up by three stromal cell types,and most of themwere located in the extracellular matrix.Delivery efficiency in sinusoidal ECs,arteriole ECs,MSCs,and OBs in vivo was analyzed.The correlation analysis showed that the cellular uptake of three nanocarriers in crucial cell types in vitro is positively linear correlated with its delivery efficiency in vivo.The delivery efficiency into MSCs was remarkably higher than that into ECs and OBs,no matterwhat kind of nanocarrier.The overall efficiency into sinusoidal ECswas greatly lower than that into arteriole ECs.All nanocarriers were hard to be delivered into OBs(<1%).Our findings revealed that cell tropisms of nanocarriers with different compositions and ligand attachments in vivo could be predicted via detecting their cellular uptake in bone marrow niches in vitro.This study provided the methodology for niche-directed nanotherapeutics development.

城市轨道交通高架站综合防雷系统研究

随着城市轨道交通的高速建设和网络化运营,乘坐轨道交通出行成为公共出行的重要交通工具。提高高架运营车站面对突发雷暴天气的综合防雷措施,降低运营安全风险,成为各城市轨道交通运营单位的重点。文章针对极度雷暴天气下城市轨道交通高架车站雷暴天气在线监测、主动引雷入地、综合防雷进行研究,有效确保旅客、设备、建筑物的高安全性和可靠性,降低雷击对高架车站的旅客和设备的影响。

基于双目相机与改进YOLOv3算法的果园行人检测与定位

针对复杂果园环境中行人难以精确检测并定位的问题,提出了一种双目相机结合改进YOLOv3目标检测算法的行人障碍物检测和定位方法。该方法采用ZED双目相机采集左右视图,通过视差原理获取图像像素点的距离信息;将双目相机一侧的RGB图像作为用树形特征融合模块改进的YOLOv3算法的输入,得到行人障碍物在图像中的位置信息,结合双目相机获得的像素位置信息计算出相对于相机的三维坐标。用卡耐基梅隆大学国家机器人工程中心开放的果园行人检测数据集测试改进的YOLOv3算法,结果表明,准确率和召回率分别达到95.34%和91.52%,高于原模型的94.86%和90.19%,检测速度达到30.26 f/ms。行人检测与定位试验表明,行人障碍物的定位在深度距离方向平均相对误差为1.65%,最大相对误差为3.80%。该方法具有快速性和准确性,可以较好地实现果园环境中的行人检测与定位,为无人驾驶农机的避障决策提供依据。