Evaluating the relative importance of predictors in Generalized Additive Models using the gam.hp R package

Generalized Additive Models(GAMs)are widely employed in ecological research,serving as a powerful tool for ecologists to explore complex nonlinear relationships between a response variable and predictors.Nevertheless,evaluating the relative importance of predictors with concurvity(analogous to collinearity)on response variables in GAMs remains a challenge.To address this challenge,we developed an R package named gam.hp.gam.hp calculates individual R^(2) values for predictors,based on the concept of'average shared variance',a method previously introduced for multiple regression and canonical analyses.Through these individual R^(2)s,which add up to the overall R^(2),researchers can evaluate the relative importance of each predictor within GAMs.We illustrate the utility of the gam.hp package by evaluating the relative importance of emission sources and meteorological factors in explaining ozone concentration variability in air quality data from London,UK.We believe that the gam.hp package will improve the interpretation of results obtained from GAMs.

Stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty with corneal crosslinking for corneal ectasia secondary to FS-LASIK:a case series

●AIM:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)with corneal crosslinking(CXL)on patients with corneal ectasia secondary to femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).●METHODS:A series of 5 patients undertaking SLAK with CXL for the treatment of corneal ectasia secondary to FS-LASIK were followed for 4-9mo.The lenticules were collected from patients undertaking small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for the correction of myopia.Adding a stromal lenticule was aimed at improving the corneal thickness for the safe application of crosslinking and compensating for the thin cornea to improve its mechanical strength.●RESULTS:All surgeries were conducted successfully with no significant complications.Their best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)ranged from 0.05 to 0.8-2 before surgery.The pre-operational total corneal thickness ranged from 345-404μm and maximum keratometry(Kmax)ranged from 50.8 to 86.3.After the combination surgery,both the corneal keratometry(range 55.9 to 92.8)and total corneal thickness(range 413-482μm)significantly increased.Four out of 5 patients had improvement of corneal biomechanical parameters(reflected by stiffness parameter A1 in Corvis ST).However,3 patients showed decreased BCVA after surgery due to the development of irregular astigmatism and transient haze.Despite the onset of corneal edema right after SLAK,the corneal topography and thickness generally stabilized after 3mo.●CONCLUSION:SLAK with CXL is a potentially beneficial and safe therapy for advanced corneal ectasia.Future work needs to address the poor predictability of corneal refractometry and compare the outcomes of different surgical modes.

Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene/carbon composites for advanced supercapacitors:Synthesis,progress,and perspectives

MXenes are a family of two-dimensional(2D)layered transition metal carbides/nitrides that show promising potential for energy storage applications due to their high-specific surface areas,excellent electron conductivity,good hydrophilicity,and tunable terminations.Among various types of MXenes,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) is the most widely studied for use in capacitive energy storage applications,especially in supercapacitors(SCs).However,the stacking and oxidation of MXene sheets inevitably lead to a significant loss of electrochemically active sites.To overcome such challenges,carbon materials are frequently incorporated into MXenes to enhance their electrochemical properties.This review introduces the common strategies used for synthesizing Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),followed by a comprehensive overview of recent developments in Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/carbon composites as electrode materials for SCs.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/carbon composites are categorized based on the dimensions of carbons,including 0D carbon dots,1D carbon nanotubes and fibers,2D graphene,and 3D carbon materials(activated carbon,polymer-derived carbon,etc.).Finally,this review also provides a perspective on developing novel MXenes/carbon composites as electrodes for application in SCs.

Optical Extinctions of Inter-Arm Molecular Clouds in M31:A Pilot Study for the Upcoming CSST Observations

Recent submillimeter dust thermal emission observations have unveiled a significant number of inter-arm massive molecular clouds in M31.However,the effectiveness of this technique is limited to its sensitivity,making it challenging to study more distant galaxies.This study introduces an alternative approach,utilizing optical extinctions derived from space-based telescopes,with a focus on the forthcoming China Space Station Telescope(CSST).We first demonstrate the capability of this method by constructing dust extinction maps for 17 inter-arm massive molecular clouds in M31 using the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury data.Our analysis reveals that inter-arm massive molecular clouds with an optical extinction(A_(V)) greater than 1.6 mag exhibit a notable A_(V) excess,facilitating their identification.The majority of these inter-arm massive molecular clouds show an A_(V) around 1 mag,aligning with measurements from our JCMT data.Further validation using a mock CSST RGB star catalog confirms the method's effectiveness.We show that the derived A_(V)values using CSST z and y photometries align more closely with the input values.Molecular clouds with A_(V)> 1.6 mag can also be identified using the CSST mock data.We thus claim that future CSST observation clouds provide an effective way for the detection of inter-arm massive molecular clouds with significant optical extinction in nearby galaxies.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas:state of the field and emerging directions

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% oforal malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases werereported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ),and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oralmucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involvesgenetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeuticinterventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCCand OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors,thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC.Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitatecomprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.

Strategies to improve genomic predictions for 35 duck carcass traits in an F2 population

Background Carcass traits are crucial for broiler ducks,but carcass traits can only be measured postmortem.Genomic selection(GS)is an effective approach in animal breeding to improve selection and reduce costs.However,the performance of genomic prediction in duck carcass traits remains largely unknown.Results In this study,we estimated the genetic parameters,performed GS using different models and marker densi-ties,and compared the estimation performance between GS and conventional BLUP on 35 carcass traits in an F2 population of ducks.Most of the cut weight traits and intestine length traits were estimated to be high and moder-ate heritabilities,respectively,while the heritabilities of percentage slaughter traits were dynamic.The reliability of genome prediction using GBLUP increased by an average of 0.06 compared to the conventional BLUP method.The Permutation studies revealed that 50K markers had achieved ideal prediction reliability,while 3K markers still achieved 90.7%predictive capability would further reduce the cost for duck carcass traits.The genomic relationship matrix nor-malized by our true variance method instead of the widely used 2pi(1-pi)could achieve an increase in prediction reliability in most traits.We detected most of the bayesian models had a better performance,especially for BayesN.Compared to GBLUP,BayesN can further improve the predictive reliability with an average of 0.06 for duck carcass traits.Conclusion This study demonstrates genomic selection for duck carcass traits is promising.The genomic prediction can be further improved by modifying the genomic relationship matrix using our proposed true variance method and several Bayesian models.Permutation study provides a theoretical basis for the fact that low-density arrays can be used to reduce genotype costs in duck genome selection.

A 3-month comparison study of subjective and objective visual quality of small incision lenticule extraction and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in patients with low and moderate myopia

AIM:To compare the subjective and objective visual quality between small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(t PRK)in patients with low and moderate myopia.METHODS:Patients undertaking SMILE or t PRK for the correction of low and moderate myopia were consecutively recruited in this prospective cohort study with a 3-month follow-up period.Objective evaluation[visual acuity test,manifest refraction,wavefront aberrations,the total cut-off value of the total modulation transfer function(MTFcut-off),and Strehl ratio(SR)]and subjective evaluation of visual quality(quality-of-life questionnaire)were conducted before surgery and at days 1,7,30,and 90 after surgery.RESULTS:A total of 47 patients(94 eyes)with SMILE and 22 patients(22 eyes)with t PRK were enrolled.The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)was better in SMILE patients on day 7 after surgery(1.13±0.13 vs 0.99±0.17,t=4.85,P<0.001)but was comparable at days 30 and 90.At day 90,the SMILE group had a lower spherical equivalent(SE)than the t PRK group(0.04±0.31 vs 0.19±0.43,t=2.08,P=0.042).Total higher order aberrations(HOAs)were induced in both surgical types,which were more evident in the t PRK group with 3-mm pupil diameter(0.16±0.07 vs0.11±0.05,t=4.27,P<0.001)and 5-mm pupil diameter(0.39±0.17 vs 0.36±0.11,t=2.33,P=0.022).The MTFcut-offand SR showed a trend of improvement in both SMILE and t PRK patients but were statistically better in the SMILE group with both pupil diameters.There was a significant improvement of contrast sensitivity(CS)over baseline levels at the spatial frequency of 18 cycles/degree(c/d)in the SMILE group(F=2.72,P=0.033)and at 3 c/d(F=3.03,P=0.031),12 c/d(F=3.72,P=0.013),and 18 c/d(F=4.62,P=0.004)in the t PRK group.The subjective quality of life questionnaire showed a steady improvement in the SMILE group(F=8.31,P<0.001)but not the t PRK group.CONCLUSION:SMILE and t PRK are both safe and effective ways to correct low and moderate myopia.A generally better and quicker recovery of visual quality favors the application of SMILE in qualified patients.

Hardening effects of sheared precipitates on {1121} twinning in magnesium alloys

The interactions between a plate-like precipitate and two twin boundaries(TBs)({1012},{1121}) in magnesium alloys are studied using molecular dynamics(MD) simulations. The precipitate is not sheared by {1012} TB, but sheared by {1121} TB. Shearing on the(110) plane is the predominant deformation mode in the sheared precipitate. Then, the blocking effects of precipitates with different sizes are studied for {1121} twinning. All the precipitates show a blocking effect on {1121} twinning although they are sheared, while the blocking effects of precipitates with different sizes are different. The blocking effect increases significantly with the increasing precipitate length(in-plane size along TB) and thickness, whereas changes weakly as the precipitate width changes. Based on the revealed interaction mechanisms, a critical twin shear is calculated theoretically by the Eshelby solutions to determine which TB is able to shear the precipitate. In addition, an analytical hardening model of sheared precipitates is proposed by analyzing the force equilibrium during TB-precipitate interactions. This model indicates that the blocking effect depends solely on the area fraction of the precipitate cross-section, and shows good agreement with the current MD simulations. Finally, the blocking effects of plate-like precipitates on the {1012} twinning(non-sheared precipitate), {1121} twinning(sheared precipitate) and basal dislocations(non-sheared precipitate) are compared together. Results show that the blocking effect on {1121} twinning is stronger than that on {1012} twinning, while the effect on basal dislocations is weakest. The precipitate-TB interaction mechanisms and precipitation hardening models revealed in this work are of great significance for improving the mechanical property of magnesium alloys by designing microstructure.

A Trusted Multi-Task Distribution Mechanism for Internet of Vehicles Based on Smart Contract

In this paper,a trusted multi-task distribution mechanism for Internet of Vehicles based on smart contract is proposed to improve the security and efficiency for the task distribution in Internet of Vehicles.Firstly,a three-tier trusted multi-task distribution framework is presented based on smart contract.The smart contract will be triggered by the task request.As the important part of the smart contract,the task distribution algorithm is stored on the blockchain and run automatically.In the process of the task distribution,the cost of the task distribution and the system stability play a critical role.Therefore,the task distribution problem is formulated to minimize the cost of the task distribution whilst maintaining the stability of the system based on Lyapunov theorem.Unfortunately,this problem is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem with NP-hard characteristics.To tackle this,the optimization problem is decomposed into two sub problems of computing resource allocation and task distribution decision,and an effective task distribution algorithm is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improves system performance.

Cobalt phthalocyanine-based conjugated polymer as efficient and exclusive electrocatalyst for CO_(2) reduction to ethanol

Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to high value-added chemicals is a promising method for solving the energy crisis and global warming.Electrochemical active metal-containing conjugated polymers have been widely studied for heterogeneous carbon dioxide reduction.In the present contribution,we designed and synthesized a stable cobalt phthalocyanine-based conjugated polymer,named CoPPc-TFPPy-CP,and also explored its electro-catalytic application in carbon dioxide reduction to liquid products in an aqueous solution.In the catalyst,cobalt phthalocyanine acts as building blocks connected with 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-formyl phenyl)pyrenes via imine-linkages,leading to mesoporous formation polymers with the pore size centered at 4.1nm.And the central co-balt atoms shifted to a higher oxidation state after condensation.With these chemical and structural natures,the catalyst displayed a remarkable electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction performance with an ethanol Faradaic efficiency of 43.25%at-1.0V vs RHE.While at the same time,the electrochemical reduction process catalyzed by cobalt phthalocyanine produced only carbon monoxide and hydrogen.To the best of our knowledge,CoPPc-TFPPy-CP is the first example among organic polymers and metal-organic frameworks that produces ethanol from CO_(2) with a remarkable selectivity.

Liver Transplantation Outcomes of HBV-,HCV-,and Alcohol-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States:Analysis of National Inpatient Samples

Objective Liver transplantation is a current treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The United States National Inpatient Sample database was utilized to identify risk factors that influence the outcome of liver transplantation,including locoregional recurrence,distant metastasis,and in-hospital mortality,in HCC patients with concurrent hepatitis B infection,hepatitis C infection,or alcoholic cirrhosis.Methods This retrospective cohort study included HCC patients(n=2391)from the National Inpatient Sample database who underwent liver transplantation and were diagnosed with hepatitis B or C virus infection,co-infection with hepatitis B and C,or alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver between 2005 and 2014.Associations between HCC etiology and post-transplant outcomes were examined with multivariate analysis models.Results Liver cirrhosis was due to alcohol in 10.5%of patients,hepatitis B in 6.6%,hepatitis C in 10.8%,and combined hepatitis B and C infection in 24.3%.Distant metastasis was found in 16.7%of patients infected with hepatitis B and 9%of hepatitis C patients.Local recurrence of HCC was significantly more likely to occur in patients with hepatitis B than in those with alcohol-induced disease.Conclusion After liver transplantation,patients with hepatitis B infection have a higher risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis.Postoperative care and patient tracking are essential for liver transplant patients with hepatitis B infection.

磁共振胰胆管成像联合CT动态增强扫描诊断胆道狭窄性质的临床价值

目的探讨联合磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)及CT动态增强扫描相关指标诊断胆道狭窄性质的有效性。方法选取海南医学院第一附属医院95例胆道狭窄患者作为研究对象,根据手术病理结果将患者分为良性胆道狭窄组(48例)、恶性胆道狭窄组(47例)。收集两组患者MRCP及CT动态增强扫描检查指标,比较两组患者检测指标及基线资料存在的差异,对产生差异的指标进行多因素Logistic回归。绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标单用及联合时诊断胆道狭窄性质的效能。结果多因素Logistic回归结果显示,狭窄段壁厚(O^R=3.246,95%CI:2.228,4.729)、狭窄段管径(O^R=0.801,95%CI:0.682,0.941)、门静脉期狭窄段管壁强化程度(O^R=2.135,95%CI:1.503,3.032),以及延迟期狭窄段管壁强化程度(O^R=1.835,95%CI:1.344,2.506)可成为诊断良恶性胆道狭窄的指标。ROC曲线结果表明,狭窄段壁厚、狭窄段管径、门静脉期狭窄段管壁强化程度、延迟期狭窄段管壁强化程度诊断疾病的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.774、0.817、0.838和0.796。狭窄段管径、门静脉期狭窄段管壁强化程度及延迟期狭窄段管壁强化程度联合诊断的AUC最高,为0.902。结论 MRCP联合CT动态增强扫描相关指标可以提高诊断良恶性胆道狭窄的诊断效能。

维生素C联合碳酸氢钠在食管碘染色检查中的临床研究

目的探讨维生素C联合碳酸氢钠在食管碘染色检查中对抗碘对食管的腐蚀性副作用的有效性。方法选取200例食管碘染色患者,随机分为对照组(A组,n=100)和实验组(B组,n=100)。B组染色观察后,以维生素C生理盐水冲洗食管、胃底,再取胃底内液体测pH值;吸净液体后,用碳酸氢钠生理水溶剂冲洗食管,再用生理盐水冲洗食管和胃底,取胃底内液体测pH值。A组用生理盐水冲洗食管胃底。记录麻醉清醒时、24和72 h咽喉部不适、烧心和胸腹痛情况,并进行比较。招募40例经食管碘染色的患者,20例为A组处理方法(C组,n=20),20例为B组处理方法(D组,n=20),72 h内复查胃镜,记录C和D组胃底黏膜糜烂评分,并进行比较。结果B组较A组麻醉清醒时、24和72 h咽喉部不适、烧心和胸腹痛发生率明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组用维生素C处理后的pH值与用碳酸氢钠后的pH值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);D组与C组比较,72 h内胃底黏膜糜烂程度较轻,两组胃底黏膜糜烂评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论维生素C联合碳酸氢钠对抗食管碘染色后碘对食管胃底黏膜腐蚀性副作用安全、有效,可在临床上推广应用。

单钳道内镜下经自然腔道胃空肠吻合术在胃出口道梗阻中的初步探索

目的探讨单钳道内镜下经自然腔道胃空肠吻合术治疗胃出口道良恶性梗阻的效果。方法2018年10月-2019年8月该院消化内镜中心通过20例猪胃及上段空肠建立离体动物模型,选择经自然腔道内镜手术(NOETS),在该模型上采用单钳道内镜下经NOTES胃空肠吻合术,以明确该手术方法治疗胃出口道梗阻的可行性及有效性。结果均成功进行胃空肠吻合,镜身可经吻合口顺利进入空肠上段,手术时间(33.6±6.5)min,金属夹8~10枚,吻合口无渗液。结论该术式成功构建胃空肠吻合,对胃出口道梗阻提供新的手术方式,为临床研究的进一步开展提供理论支持。

公共用地配给对城市经济产出的影响研究

本文旨在探讨公共用地配给(投入)对城市经济产出的具体影响。论文在探究公共用地配给对城市经济产出影响机理的基础上,通过构建生产函数模型,并利用2000—2014年中国273个地级及地级以上市的统计数据,实证检验公共用地投入对城市经济产出的影响。研究结果显示,公共用地投入对城市经济产出有着显著的促进作用。其中,道路交通用地投入对城市经济产出的影响呈正'U'形变化规律,市政设施用地投入对于城市经济产出的影响表现为倒'U'形变化趋势,此外不同规模城市的人均公共用地配给对城市经济产出的影响存在明显差异。论文最后指出,政府有必要优化城市公共用地的供给结构,尤其是根据不同规模类型的城市,适时调控公共用地的供给,严格管控道路交通和市政设施用地的标准,以更好地发挥公共用地配给对城市经济增长的促进作用。

全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官指数的影响

本试验旨在研究全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官指数的影响。试验依据日粮不同分为两个组,试验组为65%精补料+35%全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料,对照组为65%精补料+35%全株玉米青贮料。采用随机区组设计,选取18只体重为(15.53±2.22)kg的浏阳黑山羊,根据性别相同及体重相近原则首先组成9对,再随机分入两组,每组3个重复,每个重复2雌1雄共3只羊。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:试验组肌肉失水率、肌纤维面积、脾脏指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中失水率降低18.27%、肌纤维面积降低11.24%、脾脏指数降低27.78%;试验组肌肉pH24h、熟肉率、肌纤维密度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中肌肉pH24h高10.53%、熟肉率高5.29%、肌纤维密度高9.28%;其余指标,包括宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、GR值、pH45min、亮度、红度、黄度、剪切力、肌纤维直径、心脏指数、肝脏指数、肺脏指数和肾脏指数,差异不显著。由此可见,相对全株玉米青贮料而言,饲喂全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能无不良影响,而且羊的肉品质更好;至于引起脾脏指数降低,其原因尚待探究。

政治风险对铜价波动的时变影响

将国家风险(ICRG)指数作为国家政治风险的测度,运用随机波动时变参数结构向量自回归(TVP-SVAR-SV)模型,研究政治风险对铜价波动的时变影响。结果表明:政治风险对铜价波动具有时变影响,并且这种影响在近年来有逐渐增强的趋势;政治风险对铜价波动的影响具有国别异质性,其中出口国的政治风险对铜价的冲击效应更强且持续时间更长;从风险来源来看,由外部冲突和内部冲突导致的政治风险对铜价波动的贡献率最大;政治风险对铜价波动的影响在金融危机、欧债危机和特朗普选举期间达到峰值。

Autophagy activation aggravates neuronal injury in the hippocampus of vascular dementia rats

It remains unclear whether autophagy affects hippocampal neuronal injury in vascular dementia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of autophagy blockade on hippocampal neuro- nal injury in a rat model of vascular dementia. In model rats, hippocampal CA1 neurons were severely damaged, and expression of the autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, cathepsin B and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 was elevated compared with that in sham-operated animals. These responses were suppressed in animals that received a single intraperitoneal injection of wortmannin, an autophagy inhibitor, prior to model establishment. The present results confirm that autophagy and autophagy-related proteins are involved in the pathological changes of vascular dementia, and that inhibition of autophagy has neuroprotective effects.

Propofol postconditioning ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and autophagy via upregulating forkhead transcription factors under hyperglycemia

Background:Administration of propofol,an intravenous anesthetic with antioxidant property,immediately at the onset of post-ischemic reperfusion(propofol postconditioning,P-PostC) has been shown to confer cardioprotection against ischemia–reperfusion(I/R) injury,while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood.The forkhead box O(FoxO) transcription factors are reported to play critical roles in activating cardiomyocyte survival signaling throughout the process of cellular injuries induced by oxidative stress and are also involved in hypoxic postconditioning mediated neuroprotection,however,the role of FoxO in postconditioning mediated protection in the heart and in particular in high glucose condition is unknown.Methods:Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose(HG) for 48 h,then subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R,composed of 8 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation) in the absence or presence of postconditioning with various concentrations of propofol(P-PostC) at the onset of reoxygenation.After having identified the optical concentration of propofol,H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R and P-PostC in the absence or presence of FoxO1 or FoxO3a gene silencing to explore their roles in P-PostC mediated protection against apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths under hyperglycemia.Results:The results showed that HG with or without H/R decreased cell viability,increased lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage and the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in H9c2 cells,all of which were significantly reversed by propofol(P-PostC),especially at the concentration of 25 μmol/L(P25)(P<0.05,NC vs.HG;HG vs.HG+HR;HG+HR+P12.5 or HG+HR+P25 or HG+HR+P50 vs.HG+HR).Moreover,we found that propofol(P25) decreased H9c2 cells apoptosis and autophagy that were concomitant with increased FoxO1 and FoxO3a expression(P<0.05,HG+HR+P25 vs.HG+HR).The protective effects of propofol(P25) against H/R injury were reversed by silencing FoxO1 or FoxO3a(P<0.05,HG+HR+P25 vs.HG+HR+P25+siRNA-1 or HG+HR+P25+siRNA-5).Conclusions:It is concluded that propofol postconditioning attenuated H9c2 cardiac cells apoptosis and autophagy induced by H/R injury through upregulating FoxO1 and FoxO3a under hyperglycemia.

Experiment research of cisplatin implants inhibiting transplantation tumor growth and regulating the expression of KLK7 and E-cad of tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer

Objective: To study the influence of cisplatin implants on transplantation tumor growth and the expression of tissue kallikrein-7(KLK7) and E-cadherin(E-cad) in tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer. Methods: BALB/c nude mice were collected as experimental animal and were randomly divided into model control group(Group A), tail intravenous injection of cisplatin group(Group B), intratumor injection of cisplatin group(Group C) and cisplatin implants treatment group(Group D). After the drugs intervening, the weight and volume of transplantation tumors were measured on Day 20, Day 30 and Day 40 and serum and KLK7 and E-cad contents in transplanted tumor tissue were examined. Results: On Day 20, Day 30 and Day 40 after treatment, the weight and volume of transplantation tumors of tumorbearing mice in four groups were different(Group A > Group B > Group C > Group D). The contents of KLK-7 and E-cad in tumor tissue and serum of tumor-bearing mice in four groups were different(Group A > Group B > Group C > Group D in KLK-7) and(Group A < Group B < Group C < Group D in E-cad). The weight and volume, and KLK7 and E-cad contents of transplantation tumors in four groups were significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion: Cisplatin implants can inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor tissue and down-regulated KLK7 expression and up-regulated E-cad expression of tumor-bearing mice with gastric