Research on Soil Conservation and Improvement Technology in Zhaoyang District

The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.

双注意力随机选择全局上下文细粒度识别网络

针对细粒度图像识别任务中易忽视微小潜在性特征且外观差异细微等问题,提出一种基于双注意力随机选择全局上下文细粒度识别网络。首先,使用ConvNeXt作为主干网络,提出双注意力随机选择模块,对不同阶段提取到的特征进行通道随机选择和空间随机选择,使网络能够关注到其他潜在微小判别性特征;其次,利用全局上下文注意力模块将深层特征的语义信息融合到中间层,增强中间层定位微小特征的能力;最后,提出一种多分支损失,对中间层、深层和拼接层特征引入分类损失,结合不同分支提取到的特征,诱导网络获得多样性的判别特征。所提网络在Stanford-cars、CUB-200-2011、FGVC-Aircraft 3个公开细粒度数据集和真实场景下车型数据集VMRURS上分别达到了95.2%、92.1%、94.0%和97.0%的识别准确率,其性能相比其他对比方法有较大幅度提升。

不同影像检查方法对颈动脉内膜切除术与颈动脉支架植入术后颈动脉狭窄程度的诊断价值

目的 探讨不同影像检查方法对颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)与颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)后颈动脉狭窄程度的诊断价值。方法 收集2018年2月到2020年1月承德医学院附属医院行CEA或CAS的98例颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式的不同将其分为CEA组(n=48)和CAS组(n=50)。比较两组患者手术前后颈动脉狭窄程度及住院期间至随访2年内不良心血管事件发生率。以头颈主动脉弓机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)为诊断金标准,比较彩色多普勒超声、磁共振成像检查颈动脉狭窄程度的准确度。结果 手术前后,两组患者颈动脉狭窄各程度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。术后,两组患者中、重度颈动脉狭窄均低于本组术前,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。CEA组患者不良心血管事件总发生率为2.08%(1/48),与CAS组患者的4.00%(2/50)比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉狭窄程度准确度为95.92%(94/98),与磁共振成像检查的94.90%(93/98)比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论 彩色多普勒超声和磁共振成像检查对颈动脉狭窄程度的诊断准确度均较高,CEA、CAS治疗颈动脉狭窄均具有较好疗效,且术后不良心血管事件发生率较低。

过渡态理论对Arrhenius公式的诠释——以硝酸异丙酯与自由基反应为例

大学物理化学教学中,Arrhenius公式阐述了反应的速率常数与温度及活化能的关系,但是,单纯从公式的表达式进行讲解,难免枯燥乏味,不利于学生理解和掌握。本文以硝酸异丙酯与Cl原子、OH和NO_(3)自由基反应为例,基于反应的势能面,用过渡态理论计算不同温度下反应的速率常数,直观形象地分析了在不同反应能垒时,反应速率常数随温度的变化情况,以期帮助学生从本质上理解Arrhenius公式,拓宽他们的知识面,培养其科学探究的意识和能力。

The role of exosomes in adult neurogenesis:implications for neurodegenerative diseases

Exosomes are cup-shaped extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer that is approximately 30 to 200 nm in thickness.Exosomes are widely distributed in a range of body fluids,including urine,blood,milk,and saliva.Exosomes exert biological function by transporting factors between different cells and by regulating biological pathways in recipient cells.As an important form of intercellular communication,exosomes are increasingly being investigated due to their ability to transfer bioactive molecules such as lipids,proteins,mRNAs,and microRNAs between cells,and because they can regulate physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system.Adult neurogenesis is a multistage process by which new neurons are generated and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal circuits.In the adult brain,neurogenesis is mainly localized in two specialized niches:the subventricular zone adjacent to the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus.An increasing body of evidence indicates that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions with the niches.In recent studies,exosomes released from different sources of cells were shown to play an active role in regulating neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo,thereby participating in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders in patients and in various disease models.Here,we provide a state-of-the-art synopsis of existing research that aimed to identify the diverse components of exosome cargoes and elucidate the therapeutic potential of exosomal contents in the regulation of neurogenesis in several neurodegenerative diseases.We emphasize that exosomal cargoes could serve as a potential biomarker to monitor functional neurogenesis in adults.In addition,exosomes can also be considered as a novel therapeutic approach to treat various neurodegenerative disorders by improving endogenous neurogenesis to mitigate neuronal loss in the central nervous system.

适用于降解样本的201个遗传标记检测体系的构建和验证

近年来,法医实践中复杂案件数量逐渐增多,需要联合使用短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)、单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)、插入缺失多态性(insertion/deletion polymorphism,InDel)、微单倍型(microhaplotype,MH)等不同类型的遗传标记,为案件提供更多的参考信息。本研究筛选了24个常染色体STR(autosomes STR,A-STR)、24个Y染色体STR(Y-STR)、110个A-SNP、24个Y-SNP、9个A-InDel、1个Y-InDel、8个MH和Amelogenin共201个遗传标记,建立二代测序检测体系HID_AM Panel v1.0。根据DNA分析方法科学工作组(Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods,SWGDAM)的验证指南,对该体系的重复性、准确性、灵敏度、对降解样本的适用性、物种特异性、抗抑制性等指标进行评估。本体系分型结果与基于毛细管电泳方法检测的48个STR和Amelogenin结果完全一致,与ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit重合的79个SNP分型结果完全一致;当DNA加入量不低于200 pg时可获得全部等位基因分型结果;当检测降解指数大于15.87的模拟降解样本时,检出成功率明显高于GlobalFilerTM PCR扩增试剂盒;当体系内血红素浓度不高于40μmol/L、靛蓝浓度不高于2 mmol/L、或腐殖酸浓度不高于15 ng/μL时,扩增无明显抑制;鸭、鼠、牛、兔、鸡的DNA特异性扩增较少;常规样本中STR检出率达99.74%,SNP、InDel、MH全部检出。综上所述,本研究建立的检测体系具有较高的准确性、灵敏度、物种特异性和抗抑制性,适用于降解样本的个体识别。

外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平与CAS病变程度的关系及预测心肌梗死的价值

目的 分析外周血红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、早期生长反应因子3(Egr3)水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化(CAS)病变程度的关系,并探讨其预测急性心肌梗死(AMI)的价值。方法 选取2021年5月至2022年2月河南省第二人民医院收治的120例CAS患者作为研究组,另选取同期60例因胸痛入院但冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查结果正常的患者作为对照组。比较两组患者的一般资料、外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平,并比较研究组不同CAS病变程度患者外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平,采用Spearman相关系数分析外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平与CAS病变程度的相关性。比较随访12个月内发生与未发生AMI患者入院时外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平及心肌标志物[心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)]水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3、心肌标志物对CAS患者发生AMI的预测价值,将RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3、心肌标志物联合预测AMI作为新预测方案,心肌标志物联合预测AMI作为常规预测方案,比较两种预测方案对AMI的预测价值。结果 研究组患者的外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平分别为(21.65±3.79)%、(25.17±4.76)μg/L、(1 715.36±543.81) ng/L,明显高于对照组的(14.87±2.15)%、(1.35±0.43)μg/L、(1 129.48±368.25) ng/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平随着CAS病变程度的增加而逐渐升高,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Spearman相关分析结果显示,外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平与CAS病变程度呈正相关(P<0.05);发生AMI患者入院时外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平、血清c Tn I、CK-MB、NT-proBNP水平明显高于未发生AMI患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经ROC分析结果显示,入院时外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3、血清cTnI、CK-MB、NT-proBNP预测CAS患者发生AMI的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.735、0.754、0.775、0.737、0.739、0.728,敏感度分别为60.00%、88.00%、64.00%、76.00%、64.00%、72.00%,特异度分别为82.76%、59.77%、83.91%、74.71%、82.76%、66.67%,各指标单独预测AMI的AUC比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与常规预测方案AUC (0.844)比较,新预测方案的AUC (0.949)明显增大,净重新分类指数(NRI)、综合判别改善指数(IDI)均>0。结论 CAS患者外周血RDW、ox-LDL、Egr3水平与CAS病变程度呈正相关,且在预测AMI方面具有一定价值。

AAV mediated carboxyl terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein overexpression mitigates the cognitive and pathological phenotypes of APP/PS1 mice

The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of overexpressed CHIP on Alzheimer’s disease.We used an adeno-associated virus vector that can cross the blood-brain barrier to mediate CHIP overexpression in APP/PS1 mouse brain.CHIP overexpression significantly ameliorated the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and nest building tests,reduced amyloid-βplaques,and decreased the expression of both amyloid-βand phosphorylated tau.CHIP also alleviated the concentration of microglia and astrocytes around plaques.In APP/PS1 mice of a younger age,CHIP overexpression promoted an increase in ADAM10 expression and inhibitedβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,insulin degrading enzyme,and neprilysin expression.Levels of HSP70 and HSP40,which have functional relevance to CHIP,were also increased.Single nuclei transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus of CHIP overexpressed mice showed that the lysosomal pathway and oligodendrocyte-related biological processes were up-regulated,which may also reflect a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of CHIP.Our research shows that CHIP effectively reduces the behavior and pathological manifestations of APP/PS1 mice.Indeed,overexpression of CHIP could be a beneficial approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

稳定表达PRRSV M蛋白的MARC-145^(ORF6)细胞系的构建及其对PRRSV增殖的影响

为了给深入研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndromevirus,PRRSV)ORF6基因编码的M蛋白的生物学功能提供重要试验材料,本研究首先利用慢病毒包装系统构建了过表达PRRSVORF6基因的重组慢病毒质粒,将该质粒连同辅助质粒共同转染至HEK293T细胞获得重组慢病毒;之后将重组慢病毒感染MARC-145细胞,利用嘌呤霉素结合有限稀释法进行筛选,连续筛选3轮后建立了稳定表达PRRSVM蛋白的MARC-145ORF6细胞系;并使用CCK-8试验评估过表达PRRSVM蛋白对MARC-145细胞生长的影响。利用RT-PCR、蛋白免疫印迹(Westernblot)和间接免疫荧光(IFA)评估MARC-145ORF6细胞系的传代稳定性并鉴定M蛋白的亚细胞定位,进一步利用RT-qPCR评估过表达M蛋白对MARC-145细胞的干扰素及相关调节基因的影响;此外,还测定了PRRSV在MARC-145ORF6细胞系、MARC-145Flag细胞系和MARC-145细胞中的病毒滴度并绘制多步生长曲线以比较其差异。CCK-8试验结果表明,过表达PRRSVM蛋白对MARC-145细胞活力无显著影响;RT-qPCR、Westernblot和IFA等试验结果表明,MARC-145ORF6细胞系能够表达PRRSV的M蛋白且在传代过程中稳定。此外,稳定表达PRRSVM蛋白显著下调了细胞系的Ⅰ型干扰素及其相关调节基因;多步生长曲线表明,MARC-145ORF6细胞系促进PRRSV增殖,提高其病毒滴度。综上,本研究构建了可以稳定表达PRRSVM蛋白的MARC-145ORF6细胞系,发现其Ⅰ型干扰素水平显著下调且促进PRRSV复制。本研究构建的MARC-145ORF6细胞系将为M蛋白功能的深入研究提供重要生物材料。

A novel predictor of unsustained return of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest patients through a combination of capnography and pulse oximetry: a multicenter observational study

BACKGROUND:Unsustained return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)is a critical barrier to survival in cardiac arrest patients.This study examined whether end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO_(2))and pulse oximetry photoplethysmogram(POP)parameters can be used to identify unsustained ROSC.METHODS:We conducted a multicenter observational prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with cardiac arrest from 2013 to 2014.Patients’general information,ETCO_(2),and POP parameters were collected and statistically analyzed.RESULTS:The included 105 ROSC episodes(from 80 cardiac arrest patients)comprised 51 sustained ROSC episodes and 54 unsustained ROSC episodes.The 24-hour survival rate was significantly higher in the sustained ROSC group than in the unsustained ROSC group(29.2%vs.9.4%,P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that the difference between after and before ROSC in ETCO_(2)(ΔETCO_(2))and the difference between after and before ROCS in area under the curve of POP(ΔAUCp)were independently associated with sustained ROSC(odds ratio[OR]=0.931,95%confi dence interval[95%CI]0.881-0.984,P=0.011 and OR=0.998,95%CI 0.997-0.999,P<0.001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ofΔETCO_(2),ΔAUCp,and the combination of both to predict unsustained ROSC were 0.752(95%CI 0.660-0.844),0.883(95%CI 0.818-0.948),and 0.902(95%CI 0.842-0.962),respectively.CONCLUSION:Patients with unsustained ROSC have a poor prognosis.The combination ofΔETCO_(2) andΔAUCp showed signifi cant predictive value for unsustained ROSC.

MiR-142-3p Regulates ILC1s by Targeting HMGB1 via the NF-κB Pathway in a Mouse Model of Early Pregnancy Loss

Objective Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)are a class of newly discovered immunocytes.Group 1 ILCs(ILC1s)are identified in the decidua of humans and mice.High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)is predicted to be one of the target genes of miR-142-3p,which is closely related to pregnancy-related diseases.Furthermore,miR-142-3p and HMGB1 are involved in regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.This study aimed to examine the regulatory effect of miR-142-3p on ILC1s and the underlying mechanism involving HMGB1 and the NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Mouse models of normal pregnancy and abortion were constructed,and the alterations of ILC1s,miR-142-3p,ILC1 transcription factor(T-bet),and pro-inflammatory cytokines of ILC1s(TNF-α,IFN-γand IL-2)were detected in mice from different groups.The targeting regulation of HMGB1 by miR-142-3p in ILC1s,and the expression of HMGB1 in normal pregnant mice and abortive mice were investigated.In addition,the regulatory effects of miR-142-3p and HMGB1 on ILC1s were detected in vitro by CCK-8,Annexin-V/PI,ELISA,and RT-PCR,respectively.Furthermore,changes of the NF-κB signaling pathway in ILC1s were examined in the different groups.For the in vivo studies,miR-142-3p-Agomir was injected in the uterus of abortive mice to evaluate the abortion rate and alterations of ILC1s at the maternal-fetal interface,and further detect the expression of HMGB1,pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the NF-κB signaling pathway.Results The number of ILC1s was significantly increased,the level of HMGB1 was significantly upregulated,and that of miR-142-3p was considerably downregulated in the abortive mice as compared with the normal pregnant mice(all P<0.05).In addition,miR-142-3p was found to drastically inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway(P<0.05).The number of ILC1s and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly downregulated and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited in the miR-142-3p Agomir group(all P<0.05).Conclusion miR-142-3p can regulate ILC1s by targeting HMGB1 via the NF-κB signaling pathway,and attenuate the inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in abortive mice.

The effect of glutathione on glucosinolate biosynthesis through the sulfur assimilation pathway in pakchoi associated with the growth conditions

Glucosinolates(GSLs) are a group of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, synthesized primarily in members of the Brassicaceae family, that play an important role in food flavor, plant antimicrobial activity, resistance to insect attack, stress tolerance, and human anti-cancer effects. As a sulfur-containing compound, glutathione has a strong connection with GSLs biosynthesis as a sulfur donor or redox system, and exists in reduced(glutathione;GSH) and oxidized(glutathione disulfide;GSSG) forms. However, the mechanism of GSH regulating GSLs biosynthesis remainds unclear. Hence, the exogenous therapy to pakchoi under normal growth condition and sulfur deficiency condition were conducted in this work to explore the relevant mechanism. The results showed that exogenous application of buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, decreased the transcript levels of GSLs synthesis-related genes and transcription factors, as well as sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal growth condition. Application of exogenous GSH inhibited the expression of GSLs synthesis-and sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal condition, while the GSLs biosynthesis and the sulfur assimilation pathway were activated by exogenous application of GSH when the content of GSH in vivo of plants decreased owing to sulfur deficiency. Moreover,exogenous application of GSSG increased the transcript levels of GSLs synthesis-and sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal growth condition and under sulfur deficiency. The present work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of GSLs biosynthesis underlying glutathione regulation.

高分辨率CT影像组学分类诊断类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病的效能

目的探究高分辨率CT(high-resolution computed tomography,HRCT)影像组学用于分类诊断类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病(rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease,RA-ILD)的效能。方法筛选陆军军医大学第一附属医院中医与风湿免疫科2019年1月至2023年7月收治的RA-ILD患者病例261例,其中寻常型间质性肺炎(usual interstitial pneumonia,UIP)143例,非特异性间质性肺炎(nonspecific interstitial pneumonia,NSIP)118例,所有患者行HRCT,在HRCT图像上应用U-net深度学习肺分割模型进行自动肺分割,从每个肺分割中提取1688个影像组学特征。逐级使用方差阈值法、单变量特征选择法、最小绝对收缩和选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)进行特征降维,采用多种机器学习算法构建RA-ILD分类诊断影像组学模型。分别采用受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)比较各模型的诊断价值,同时对模型的准确度、敏感度和特异度进行评估。结果从RA-ILD患者HRCT图像中通过特征筛选法最终选定18个最佳特征。在训练集和测试集中UIP和NSIP的放射评分(radiomics score,Radscore)分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在5种影像组学模型中,支持向量机(the support vector machine,SVM)算法的训练集AUC为0.943(95%CI 0.916~0.966,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.787、0.912),测试集AUC为0.909(95%CI 0.849~0.969;灵敏度和特异度分别为0.625、0.897)。结论本研究构建的RA-ILD分类诊断模型性能良好,且基于SVM算法构建的模型在分类诊断RA-ILD中显示最佳潜能。

Gastrointestinal manifestations of critical ill heatstroke patients and their associations with outcomes:A multicentre,retrospective,observational study

BACKGROUND Extreme heat exposure is a growing health problem,and the effects of heat on the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is unknown.This study aimed to assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.AIM To assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.METHODS Patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)due to heatstroke were included from 83 centres.Patient history,laboratory results,and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded at ICU admission and daily until up to day 15,ICU discharge,or death.GI symptoms,including nausea/vomiting,diarrhoea,flatulence,and bloody stools,were recorded.The characteristics of patients with heatstroke concomitant with GI symptoms were described.Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of GI symptoms.RESULTS A total of 713 patients were included in the final analysis,of whom 132(18.5%)patients had at least one GI symptom during their ICU stay,while 26(3.6%)suffered from more than one symptom.Patients with GI symptoms had a significantly higher ICU stay compared with those without.The mortality of patients who had two or more GI symptoms simultaneously was significantly higher than that in those with one GI symptom.Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older patients with a lower GCS score on admission were more likely to experience GI symptoms.CONCLUSION The GI manifestations of heatstroke are common and appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes.

SciCN:A Scientific Dataset for Chinese Named Entity Recognition

Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly promoted the NER research in the English field.By contrast,much fewer efforts are made to the Chinese NER research,especially in the scientific domain,due to the scarcity of Chinese NER datasets.To alleviate this problem,we present aChinese scientificNER dataset–SciCN,which contains entity annotations of titles and abstracts derived from 3,500 scientific papers.We manually annotate a total of 62,059 entities,and these entities are classified into six types.Compared to English scientific NER datasets,SciCN has a larger scale and is more diverse,for it not only contains more paper abstracts but these abstracts are derived from more research fields.To investigate the properties of SciCN and provide baselines for future research,we adapt a number of previous state-of-theart Chinese NER models to evaluate SciCN.Experimental results show that SciCN is more challenging than other Chinese NER datasets.In addition,previous studies have proven the effectiveness of using lexicons to enhance Chinese NER models.Motivated by this fact,we provide a scientific domain-specific lexicon.Validation results demonstrate that our lexicon delivers better performance gains than lexicons of other domains.We hope that the SciCN dataset and the lexicon will enable us to benchmark the NER task regarding the Chinese scientific domain and make progress for future research.The dataset and lexicon are available at:https://github.com/yangjingla/SciCN.git.

GaN based ultraviolet laser diodes

In the past few years,many groups have focused on the research and development of GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes(UV LDs).Great progresses have been achieved even though many challenges exist.In this article,we analyze the challenges of developing GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes,and the approaches to improve the performance of ultraviolet laser diode are reviewed.With these techniques,room temperature(RT)pulsed oscillation of AlGaN UVA(ultraviolet A)LD has been realized,with a lasing wavelength of 357.9 nm.Combining with the suppression of thermal effect,the high output power of 3.8 W UV LD with a lasing wavelength of 386.5 nm was also fabricated.

High-pressure minerals and new lunar mineral changesite-(Y) in Chang’e-5 regolith

Forty-five years after the Apollo and Luna missions, China’s Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission collected ∼1.73 kg of new lunar materials from one ofthe youngest basalt units on the Moon. The CE-5 lunar samples provide opportunities to address some key scientific questions related to theMoon, including the discovery of high-pressure silica polymorphs (seifertite and stishovite) and a new lunar mineral, changesite-(Y). Seifertitewas found to be coexist with stishovite in a silica fragment from CE-5 lunar regolith. This is the first confirmed seifertite in returned lunarsamples. Seifertite has two space group symmetries (Pnc2 and Pbcn) and formed from an α-cristobalite-like phase during “cold” compressionduring a shock event. The aftershock heating process changes some seifertite to stishovite. Thus, this silica fragment records different stagesof an impact process, and the peak shock pressure is estimated to be ∼11 to 40 GPa, which is much lower than the pressure condition forcoexistence of seifertite and stishovite on the phase diagram. Changesite-(Y), with ideal formula (Ca_(8)Y)◻Fe^(2+)(PO_(4))_(7) (where ◻ denotes avacancy) is the first new lunar mineral to be discovered in CE-5 regolith samples. This newly identified phosphate mineral is in the form ofcolumnar crystals and was found in CE-5 basalt fragments. It contains high concentrations of Y and rare earth elements (REE), reaching upto ∼14 wt. % (Y,REE)2O3. The occurrence of changesite-(Y) marks the late-stage fractional crystallization processes of CE-5 basalts combinedwith silicate liquid immiscibility. These new findings demonstrate the significance of studies on high-pressure minerals in lunar materials andthe special nature of lunar magmatic evolution.

Waist subcutaneous soft tissue metastasis of rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma(MAC)is a rare pathological type of rectal can-cer with unique pathological features and a poor prognosis.It is difficult to diag-nose and treat early because of the lack of specific manifestations in some aspects of the disease.The common metastatic organs of rectal cancer are the liver and lung;however,rectal carcinoma with metastasis to subcutaneous soft tissue is a rare finding.CASE SUMMARY In this report,the clinical data,diagnosis and treatment process,and postope-rative pathological features of a patient with left waist subcutaneous soft tissue masses were retrospectively analyzed.The patient underwent surgical treatment after admission and recovered well after surgery.The final pathological diagnosis was rectal MAC with left waist subcutaneous soft tissue metastasis.CONCLUSION Subcutaneous soft tissue metastasis of rectal MAC is rare,and it can suggest that the tumor is disseminated,and it can appear even earlier than the primary ma-lignant tumor,which is occult and leads to a missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis clinically.When a subcutaneous soft tissue mass of unknown origin appears in a patient with rectal cancer,a ma-lignant tumor should be considered.

Parathyroid carcinoma located in the thyroid gland:A case report

BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a difficult-to-diagnose rare disease with low incidence.Relatively accurate preoperative diagnosis is very important in choosing surgical methods and patient prognosis.CASE SUMMARY This study reported the clinical diagnosis and treatment of a rare patient with PC located in the thyroid gland and provided a case reference for the diagnosis and treatment of PC.A case of a 64-year-old male patient who presented to our hospital with systemic muscle and joint pain and palpitations is outlined.Subsequently,the patient was admitted to the Department of Nephrology for the treatment of“multiple myeloma nephropathy pending investigation”.The patient was diagnosed with“primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemic crisis”using thyroid color ultrasound.CONCLUSION The intraoperative frozen section report considered the parathyroid tumor.Surgical tumor resection was promptly performed,and the diagnosis of PC was confirmed.

Human herpesvirus 7 meningitis in an adolescent with normal immune function:A case report

BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus type 7(HHV-7)is a less common herpes virus that usually causes mild,self-limiting illnesses.However,in recent years,there have been increasing reports of HHV-7 causing serious central nervous system infections,especially meningitis.The pathogenesis and clinical features of HHV-7 meningitis,particularly in adolescents with normal immune function,remain incompletely studied.Therefore,the purpose of this report is to share a case of HHV-7 meningitis in an immunocompetent adolescent with a view to deepening our understanding of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old female was admitted with fever,headache,and vomiting.4 d before admission,the patient developed a fever without obvious induction,with a temperature up to 39.5℃,no convulsions,accompanied by chills,headaches,fatigue,and no muscle aches.The patient was treated with fever reduction,which could be reduced to 38℃;repeated high fever,accompanied by vomiting 7-8 times;and no abdominal pain or diarrhea.The patient was diagnosed with"acute suppurative tonsillitis"in a local hospital,and the blood routine was generally normal.The patient was given symptomatic support treatment such as"ceftriaxone sodium"and antiemetic rehydration for 2 d,and his condition did not improve.The patient's physical examination showed pharyngeal congestion,bilateral tonsil grade I hypertrophy,regression of purulent secretions,and cervical resistance.Ocular B-ultrasound:Opacity of the vitreous body and edema of the optic disc in both eyes.Optical coherence tomography examination showed that the macular fovea was generally normal in both eyes,with edema of the optic disc.DNA virus monitoring results:HHV-7.We gave ganciclovir antiviral therapy,dexamethasone anti-inflammatory treatment,mannitol to reduce cranial pressure,omeprazole to protect gastrointestinal mucosa,and calcium and potassium supplementation.CONCLUSION This study reports a case of HHV-7 meningitis in an adolescent with normal immune function.Through comprehensive analysis of the clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,and treatment methods of the patient,it is found that early identification and antiviral treatment are essential for the outcome of the disease.This case suggests that despite normal immune function,adolescents may still suffer from herpes virus type 7 meningitis,so clinicians should be vigilant and take effective treatment measures in time.