Pharmacological evaluation and mechanistic study of compound Xishu Granule in hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:In this study,we used HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to study the effects of Compound Xishu Granule(CXG)on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and the cell cycle in vitro.We also used a xenograft tumor model to study the anti-tumor effects of CXG and related mechanisms in vivo.Methods:The effect of CXG on cell viability was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 and a colony formation assay.The effect of CXG on apoptosis and the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry.The in vivo anti-tumor effect of CXG was assessed by measuring the volume change in xenograft tumors after drug administration.The CXG anti-tumor mechanism was studied using western blotting assay to detect cell cycle and apoptotic associated proteins.Results:CXG suppressed HepG2 cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner in vitro.Colony formation experiments showed that CXG administration for 24 h significantly reduced HepG2 cell formations(P<.01).Flow cytometric analysis showed that CXG treatment for 48 h promoted apoptosis and blocked HepG2 cells in the G2/M phase.Western blotting results showed that Bax was significantly upregulated and Bcl-2 was down-regulated in graft tumor tissues and HepG2 cells after CXG administration,which increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.PLK1,CDC25 C,CDK1,and Cyclin B1 expression were upregulated.CXG had a good inhibitory effect on graft tumor growth in vivo.Conclusion:CXG has good anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo.In vitro,CXG promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis and induced G2/M phase arrest.In vivo,CXG significantly inhibited graft tumor growth.The CXG mechanism in treating hepatocellular carcinoma may be that CXG can induce abnormal apoptotic and cell cycle associated protein expression,leading to mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis.

冻融环境下钢筋混凝土粘结性能研究现状

基于国内外关于钢筋混凝土结构在冻融循环作用下钢筋和混凝土之间粘结性能的研究进展,重点总结了在冻融条件下以及冻融和腐蚀、荷载等因素共同作用下钢筋混凝土粘结滑移性能的研究进展和现状,综合分析了现有的研究成果,在此基础上提出了一些不足和建议。

Dynamic observation of the progression of chronic gastritis to gastric cancer in a diseasee-TCM pattern rat model

Objective:To dynamically observe the progression of chronic gastritis to gastric cancer(GC)in diseasetraditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pattern rats to provide data for understanding the disease progression and effective approaches for drug screening and mechanism exploration.Methods:Wistar rats were randomly divided into control(n=96,half female and half male)and model(n=336,half female and half male)groups.Model rats received free access to N-methyl-N0-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine(120 mg/mL),sodium deoxycholate(20 mmol/L),and alcohol(45%),and were subjected to intermittent fasting.Mortality rate,body weight,water consumption,food intake,gastric pathology,blood content analysis,and liver and kidney function of model rats were dynamically monitored over 30 weeks.In the 30th week,pattern characteristics were assessed.Gastric pathology and pattern characteristics were observed for an additional 8 weeks to evaluate stability.Results:The overall mortality of the model group was 34.82%(33.10%for females and 36.55%for males)at 30 weeks post-intervention.Inflammatory cell infiltration,glandular atrophy,atypical hyperplasia,and GC manifested successively in the gastric mucosa of rats.In model rats,N-methyl-N0-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine intake was lower in males than in females,whereas pathological changes in the gastric mucosa occurred earlier in females than in males.Notably,gastric mucosal lesions were more severe in males than in females.Our modeling methods maintained stable gastric mucosal lesions for at least 8 weeks after final intervention.The pattern characteristics observed in model rats at the 30th and 38th week were consistent with those of spleen deficiency,blood stasis,and yin deficiency pattern.Blood content and indexes of liver and kidney function in the model group were normal.Conclusion:Our findings provide evidence for the pathological stages underscoring the progression of chronic gastritis to GC in disease-TCM pattern rats,which may facilitate development of relevant pharmacotherapies.

6G无线覆盖扩展技术

根据国际电信联盟关于IMT-2030愿景,第6代移动通信系统(the 6th generation mobile networks,6G)的覆盖服务需求将从单场景覆盖向多场景覆盖扩展,6G基础设施的部署也将逐步从2D覆盖向3D覆盖扩展、从局部覆盖向全球覆盖扩展、从中低频段融合使用向更高频段按需开启.上述需求使得6G在提升容量的同时,需要进一步考虑无线覆盖扩展需求.本文针对如何在6G网络结构时空尺度跨度大、全场景业务需求差异大、超密集覆盖能耗大等关键挑战下实现容量和能效约束下的覆盖能力扩展这一重大科学问题,首先提出了面向6G无线覆盖扩展的智能柔性组网架构;其次研究了面向6G无线覆盖扩展的关键技术,包括面向6G广域覆盖的多维立体空天地覆盖扩展技术、面向深度覆盖的超密集异构覆盖扩展技术和面向6G平滑度覆盖的超高速移动覆盖扩展技术;接着分析了基于语义通信的覆盖扩展技术;最后给出了6G全场景无线覆盖扩展仿真验证,通过定义6G无线覆盖扩展技术指标体系,进行了典型场景的覆盖性能仿真验证.

Diffraction limit of light in curved space

Overcoming the diffraction limit is crucial for obtaining high-resolution images and observing fine microstructures.With this conventional difficulty still puzzling us and the prosperous development of wave dynamics of light interacting with gravitational fields in recent years,how spatial curvature affects the diffraction limit is an attractive and important question.Here we investigate the issue of the diffraction limit and optical resolution on two-dimensional curved space—surfaces of revolution(SORs)with constant or variable spatial curvature.We show that the diffraction limit decreases and the resolution is improved on SORs with positive Gaussian curvature,opening a new avenue to super-resolution.The diffraction limit is also influenced by the propagation direction,as well as the propagation distance in curved space with variable spatial curvature.These results provide a possible method to control the optical resolution in curved space or equivalent waveguides with varying refractive index distribution and may allow one to detect the presence of the nonuniform strong gravitational effect by probing locally the optical resolution.

编译优化序列选择研究进展

在过去的几十年里,编译器开发者针对各种复杂情况下的编译优化需求,设计实现了大量的编译优化选项.在实际开发中,由编译器提供的标准编译优化序列难以适应复杂场景下待编译程序的编译要求.一方面,待编译程序有不同的语义和编译目标,直接采用标准编译优化序列难以获得理想的优化效果,若采用不适当的优化序列甚至可能对程序性能等带来负面影响.另一方面,随着硬件体系结构的不断发展,编译环境日益复杂,编译优化序列亦应进行相应调整.因此,如何在错综复杂的优化选项中为待编译程序选择最佳的编译优化序列成为一个具有挑战性的科学问题.针对上述问题,研究人员展开了大量的研究,并取得了诸多成果.本文旨在归纳编译优化序列选择领域的研究文献,通过文献搜索,筛选获得符合条件的55篇论文,从多个视角(算法、研究类型、目标编译器、基准测试集等)揭示该领域的研究现状.通过文献分析可以发现,当前该领域的主流算法包括两类,即以遗传算法为代表的启发式搜索算法和以支持向量机为代表的机器学习算法.超过80%的文献的研究类型属于提出解决方案或者实证研究.在已有的研究中,实验验证时使用频次最多的编译器和基准测试集分别是GCC和miBench.本文有助于理解编译优化序列选择领域当前基本进展和发展趋势,同时为开展该领域研究工作提供了可能的方向.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Tip Leakage Flow in Axial Compressor Cascade

For convenience of both measurement and adjusting the clearance size and incidence, the current research is mainly conducted by experiments on an axial compressor linear cascade. The characteristics and the condition under which the unsteadiness of tip leakage flow would occur were investigated by dynamic measuring in different clearances, inlet velocities and incidences. From the experiment it is found that increasing tip clearance size or reducing rotor tip incidence can affect the strength of the tip clearance flow. Then the experimental results also indicate the tip leakage shows instability in certain conditions, and the frequency of unsteadiness is great influenced by inflow angle. The condition of occurrence of tip leakage flow unsteadiness is when the leakage flow is strong enough to reach the pressure side of the adjacent blade. The main cause of tip leakage flow unsteadiness is the tip blade loading.

A Study of the Unsteady Tip Flow Field of a Transonic Compressor

An experimental investigation on the unsteady tip flow field of a transonic compressor rotor has been performed.The casing-mounted high frequency response pressure transducers were arranged along both the blade chord and the blade pitch.The chord-wise ones were used to indicate both the ensemble averaged and time varying flow structure of the tip region of the rotor at different operating points under 95% design speed and 60% design speed.The pitch-wise circumferential transducers were mainly used to analyze the unsteadiness frequency of the tip leakage flow in the rotor frame at the near stall condition.The contours of casing wall pressure show that there were two clear low pressure regions in blade passages,one along the chord direction,caused by the leakage flow and the other along the tangential direction,maybe caused by the forward swept leading edge.Both low pressure regions were originated from the leading edge and formed a scissor-like flow pattern.At 95% design speed condition,the shock wave interacted with the low pressure region and made the flow field unsteady.With the mass flow reduced,the two low pressure regions gradually contracted to the leading edge and then a spike disturbance emerged.

The Response of a Low Speed Compressor on Rotating Inlet Distortion

In multi-spool engines, the downstream compressor experiences a rotating inlet distortion if rotating stall occurs in upstream compressor, which may induce the instability of the whole compressor. In this paper, the compressor dynamic behavior is the major focus. The experiment was carried out on a single-stage low-speed axial-flow compressor. A rotating distortion generator equipped with different distortion sector（s） was designed to produce different rotating inlet distortion clockwise or counterclockwise with up to 100% of the compressor design speed. The distortion sector can be installed single or in some combination such as four sectors together. Three types of distortion sector/combination are used in the research work, which are single 30 degree sector, four 30 degree sec- tors and single 120 degree sector. It is found that the total pressure loss caused by rotating sector（s） increases when the distortion speed rises. For co-rotating distortions, all the three types of inlet distortion exhibited a peak in stall margin degradation when the distortion speed corresponded to roughly 50% of rotor speed. The two-dimensional numerical simulations of the compressor flow field clearly show the propagation of the distur- bances trigged by the distortion sector（s）.

The Role of Tip Leakage Flow in Triggering Rotating Stall of a Low Speed Compressor under Inlet Distortion

The stall behavior in a single-stage low-speed axial compressor under rotating inlet distortion (RID) is investigatedin the first half of this paper. The tests demonstrate that the tip leakage flow (TLF) plays an important rolein triggering rotating stall. The tracking of the spike-like disturbances caused by the spillage of TLV indicates thatmost of such spike-like disturbances will be smeared by non-distorted sector and the growth of the spike-like disturbancesactually relate closely to how and how often the path of the propagating disturbances come across thepath of the rotating distorted sector. In the second half of this paper, micro air injections are applied to test the effectbehavior of TLF on stall inception. Contrasts to without micro air injections, the spike-like disturbances aremuch fewer, so the possibilities that spike-like disturbances may trigger rotating stall are fewer too. As a result,the compressor gets a lower mass flow rate at stall for both co-rotating inlet distortion and counter-rotating inletdistortion.

Toward an accurate method renaming approach via structural and lexical analyses

Methods in programs must be accurately named to facilitate source code analysis and comprehension.With the evolution of software,method names may be inconsistent with their implemented method bodies,leading to inaccurate or buggy method names.Debugging method names remains an important topic in the literature.Although researchers have proposed several approaches to suggest accurate method names once the method bodies have been modified,two main drawbacks remain to be solved:there is no analysis of method name structure,and the programming context information is not captured efficiently.To resolve these drawbacks and suggest more accurate method names,we propose a novel automated approach based on the analysis of the method name structure and lexical analysis with the programming context information.Our approach first leverages deep feature representation to embed method names and method bodies in vectors.Then,it obtains useful verb-tokens from a large method corpus through structural analysis and noun-tokens from method bodies through lexical analysis.Finally,our approach dynamically combines these tokens to form and recommend high-quality and project-specific method names.Experimental results over 2111 Java testing methods show that the proposed approach can achieve a Hit Ratio,or Hit@5,of 33.62%and outperform the state-of-the-art approach by 14.12%in suggesting accurate method names.We also demonstrate the effectiveness of structural and lexical analyses in our approach.

Sedimentary and diagenetic facies of tidal flat in epeiric sea and its related descriptive method-a case of Ma51-4 submember in Jingbian gas field of Ordos basin,China

The Ma5_(1-4)submembers of Jingbian gas field in Ordos basin of China belongs to epeiric sea evaporative carbonate tidal flat facies.Supratidal zone of gypsum nodule dolostone and upper part of intertidal zone of gypsum crystal dolostone are most favorable reservoir.The carbonate rocks of Ma5_(1-4)had undergone complex diagenesis.Penecontem-poraneous dolomitization and gypsification provided the material foundation of the reservoir.Epidiagenesis selective dissolution of gypseous dolostone constructs the origin shape of pore structure.The dissolution and filling of various minerals in the burial period determine whether the early dissolution pores can be preserved,and the final state of the reservoir.Burial dissolution and filling of various minerals determined the preservation of early dissolved pores and the final condition of the reservoir.The concept of“minus cement porosity”directly reflects that sedimentary facies have great influence on the growth of reservoir in Ma5_(1-4).Combined with sedimentary microfacies and diagenetic facies,a concise numerical symbol is used to express semiquantitatively sed-imentary microfacies and diagenesis facies.This descriptive method has great benefit in reservoir evaluation and prediction.