Cross-upgrading of biomass hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis for high quality blast furnace injection fuel production:Physicochemical characteristics and gasification kinetics analysis

The paper proposes a biomass cross-upgrading process that combines hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis to produce high-quality blast furnace injection fuel.The results showed that after upgrading,the volatile content of biochar ranged from 16.19%to 45.35%,and the alkali metal content,ash content,and specific surface area were significantly reduced.The optimal route for biochar pro-duction is hydrothermal carbonization-pyrolysis(P-HC),resulting in biochar with a higher calorific value,C=C structure,and increased graphitization degree.The apparent activation energy(E)of the sample ranges from 199.1 to 324.8 kJ/mol,with P-HC having an E of 277.8 kJ/mol,lower than that of raw biomass,primary biochar,and anthracite.This makes P-HC more suitable for blast furnace injection fuel.Additionally,the paper proposes a path for P-HC injection in blast furnaces and calculates potential environmental benefits.P-HC of-fers the highest potential for carbon emission reduction,capable of reducing emissions by 96.04 kg/t when replacing 40wt%coal injec-tion.

Efficient H_(2)O_(2)Electrosynthesis and Its Electro-Fenton Application for Refractory Organics Degradation

Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in situ electrosynthesis by O_(2)reduction reaction is a promising alternative to the conventional Fenton treatment of refractory wastewater.However,O_(2)mass transfer limitation,cathodic catalyst selectivity,and electron transfer in O_(2)reduction remain major engineering obstacles.Here,we have proposed a systematic solution for efficient H_(2)O_(2)generation and its electro-Fenton(EF)application for refractory organic degradation based on the fabrication of a novel ZrO_(2)/CMK-3/PTFE cathode,in which polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)acted as a hydrophobic modifier to strengthen the O_(2)mass transfer,ZrO_(2)was adopted as a hydrophilic modifier to enhance the electron transfer of O_(2)reduction,and mesoporous carbon CMK-3 was utilized as a catalyst substrate to provide catalytic active sites.Moreover,feasible mass transfer of O_(2)from the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic layer was designed to increase the contact between O_(2)and the reaction interface.The H_(2)O_(2)yield of the ZrO_(2)/CMK-3/PTFE cathode was significantly improved by approximately 7.56 times compared to that of the co nventional gas diffusion cathode under the same conditions.The H_(2)O_(2)generation rate and Faraday efficiency reached125.98 mg·cm^(-2)·h^(-1)(normalized to 5674.04 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)by catalyst loading)and 78.24%at-1.3 V versus standard hydrogen electrode(current density of-252 mA·cm^(-2)),respectively.The high H_(2)O_(2)yield ensured that sufficient OH was produced for excellent EF performance,resulting in a degradation efficiency of over 96%for refractory organics.This study offers a novel engineering solution for the efficient treatment of refractory wastewater using EF technology based on in situ high-yield H_(2)O_(2)electrosynthesis.

Novel flavin-containing monooxygenase protein FMO1 interacts with CAT2 to negatively regulate drought tolerance through ROS homeostasis and ABA signaling pathway in tomato

Drought stress is themajor abiotic factor that can seriously affect plant growth and crop production.The functions of flavin-containing monooxygenases(FMOs)are known in animals.They addmolecular oxygen to lipophilic compounds or produce reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,little information on FMOs in plants is available.Here,we characterized a tomato drought-responsive gene that showed homology to FMO,and it was designated as FMO1.FMO1 was downregulated promptly by drought and ABA treatments.Transgenic functional analysis indicated that RNAi suppression of the expression of FMO1(FMO1-Ri)improved drought tolerance relative to wild-type(WT)plants,whereas overexpression of FMO1(FMO1-OE)reduced drought tolerance.The FMO1-Ri plants exhibited lower ABA accumulation,higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities,and less ROS generation comparedwith theWTand FMO1-OE plants under drought stress.RNA-seq transcriptional analysis revealed the differential expression levels of many drought-responsive genes thatwere co-expressed with FMO1,including PP2Cs,PYLs,WRKY,and LEA.Using Y2H screening,we found that FMO1 physically interacted with catalase 2(CAT2),which is an antioxidant enzyme and confers drought resistance.Our findings suggest that tomato FMO1 negatively regulates tomato drought tolerance in the ABA-dependent pathway and modulates ROS homeostasis by directly binding to SlCAT2.

BiVO4/TiO2(N2) Nanotubes Heterojunction Photoanode for Highly Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Applications

We report the development of a novel visible response BiVO_4/TiO_2(N_2) nanotubes photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic applications. The nitrogen-treated TiO_2 nanotube shows a high carrier concentration rate, thus resulting in a high efficient charge transportation and low electron–hole recombination in the TiO_2–BiVO_4. Therefore, the BiVO_4/TiO_2(N_2) NTs photoanode enabled with a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 2.73 mA cm^(-2)(at 1 V vs. Ag/Ag Cl) and a degradation efficiency in the oxidation of dyes under visible light. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and UV–Vis absorption spectrum were conducted to characterize the photoanode and demonstrated the presence of both metal oxides as a junction composite.

How light affect the magnetotactic behavior and reproduction of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetoglobules?

Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB)synthesize intracellular magnetic organelles,magnetosomes,which consist of magnetic crystals that are enveloped in a membrane.Magnetosomes are organized into a chain(s)and confer on cells a magnetic dipolar moment.This magnetic property allows MTB cells to align and swim along geomagnetic field lines,a movement referred to as magnetotaxis.Some MTB species change their swim direction in response to illumination by UV,violet and blue light.Here we analyzed the polarity of morphology,magnetism,and motion in Mediterranean multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes,also called,magnetoglobules or MMP.The magnetoglobules were assembled from 60-80 cells into an asymmetric ellipsoidal morphology with a relative narrow and large end.They swam dominantly northward,parallel to the direction of the magnetic field,with the narrow-end as the leading side.In response to a reversal in the direction of the magnetic field,they aligned quickly along the magnetic field lines and kept swimming northward.Interestingly,under constant illumination,385-nm UV light,magnetoglobules changed their swimming direction southward anti-parallel to the direction of the magnetic field,with the large-end as the leading side.The change from a northward to southward direction occurred along with an increase of swimming speed.A minimum of 35-mW/cm^(2) irradiance of UV light was sufficient to trigger the swimming re-orientation.UV radiation also triggered the unidirectional division of magnetoglobules.Together these results revealed a coordination of the polarity of magnetoglobule morphology,magnetic moment,and swimming orientation,in response to magnetic and optical stimuli.The UV triggered the reversal of magnetotaxis and magnetoglobule division indicating the ecological significance of light for multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes.

The Inhibition Effect of Tert-Butyl Alcohol on the TiO_2 Nano Assays Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Different Organics and Its Mechanism

The inhibition effect of tert-butyl alcohol(TBA), identified as the·OH radical inhibitor, on the TiO_2 nano assays(TNA) photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of different organics such as glucose and phthalate was reported. The adsorption performance of these organics on the TNA photoelectrode was investigated by using the instantaneous photocurrent value, and the degradation property was examined by using the exhausted reaction. The results showed that glucose exhibited the poor adsorption and easy degradation performance, phthalate showed the strong adsorption and harddegradation, but TBA showed the weak adsorption and was the most difficult to be degraded. The degradation of both glucose and phthalate could be inhibited evidently by TBA. But the effect on glucose was more obvious. The different inhibition effects of TBA on different organics could be attributed to the differences in the adsorption and the degradation property. For instance, phthalate of the strong adsorption property could avoid from the capture of·OH radicals by TBA in TNA photoelectrocatalytic process.

Male mate choice in Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana at Mt.Huangshan,China

Though females are generally more selective in mate choice, males may also benefit from mate choice if male reproductivesuccess is limited by factors other than simply the number of female mates, and if females differ in short-term reproductivepotential. We studied male mate choice in a free-ranging troop of Tibetan macaques Macaco thibetana at Mt. Huangshan,China, from August 2007 to April 2008. We employed focal animal sampling and all occurrence sampling to record sexual relatedbehaviors. Eight adult females were divided into three female quality categories according to the females' age, rank and parity.Using male mating effort as a proxy for male mate choice, we found that males do distinguish female quality and showtime-variant mating strategies. Specifically, females with dominant rank, high fecundity, and middle age attracted significantlymore males. Our results suggest that female short-term reproductive potential appears to be an important variable in determiningmale mating effort. Male Tibetan macaques do exercise mate choice for higher quality females as well as reduce useless reproductivecost, which is consistent with the direct benefits theory of mate

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties of Cu_2O-loaded Short TiO_2 Nanotube Array Electrode Prepared by Sonoelectrochemical Deposition

Copper and titanium remain relatively plentiful in earth crust.Therefore,using them in solar energy conversion technologies are of significant interest.In this work,cuprous oxide（Cu2O）-modified short TiO2 nanotube array electrode was prepared based on the following two design ideas:first,the short titania nanotubes obtained from sonoelectrochemical anodization possess excellent charge separation and transportation properties as well as desirable mechanical stability;second,the sonoelectrochemical deposition technique favours the improvement in the combination between Cu2O and TiO2 nanotubes,and favours the dispersion of Cu2O particles.UV-Vis absorption and photo-electronchemical measurements proved that the Cu2O coating extended the visible spectrum absorption and the solar spectrum-induced photocurrent response.Under AM1.5 irradiation,the photocurrent density of the composite electrode（i.e.sonoelectrochemical deposition for 5 min） was more than 4.75 times as high as the pure nanotube electrode.Comparing the photoactivity of the Cu2O/TiO2 electrode obtained using sonoelectrochemical deposition with others that synthesized using plain electrochemical deposition,the photocurrent density of the former electrode was 2.2 times higher than that of the latter when biased at 1.0 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）.The reproducible photocurrent response under intermittent illumination demonstrated the excellent stability of the composite electrode.Such kind of composite electrode material will have many potential applications in solar cell and other fields.

Nickel oxide for inverted structure perovskite solar cells

The emergence of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs) has attached great attention derived from the potential in improving stability. Charge transporting layer, especially hole transporting layer is crucial for efficient inverted PSCs. Organic materials were used as hole transporting layer previously. Recently, more and more inorganic hole transporting materials have been deployed for further improving the device stability. Nickel oxide(NiOx) as p-type metal oxide, owning high charge mobility and intrinsic stability,has been widely adopted in inverted PSCs. High performance over 20% efficiency has been achieved on NiOx base inverted PSCs. Herein, we have summarized recent progresses and strategies on the NiOx based PSCs, including the synthesis or deposition methods of NiOx, doping and surface modification of NiOx for efficient and stable PSCs. Finally, we will discuss current challenges of utilizing NiOx HTLs in PSCs and attempt to give probable solutions to make further development in efficient as well as stable NiOx based PSCs.

The Promotion Effect of Low-Molecular Hydroxyl Compounds on the Nano-Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Fulvic Acid and Mechanism

A significant promotion effect of low-molecular hydroxyl compounds(LMHCs) was found in the nano-photoelectrocatalytic(NPEC) degradation of fulvic acid(FA),which is a typical kind of humic acid existing widely in natural water bodies,and its influence mechanism was proposed.A TiO_2 nanotube arrays(TNAs) material is served as the photoanode.Methanol,ethanediol,and glycerol were chosen as the representative of LMHCs in this study.The adsorption performance of organics on the surface of TNAs was investigated by using the instantaneous photocurrent value.The adsorption constants of FA,methanol,ethanediol,and glycerol were 43.44,19.32,7.00,and 1.30,respectively,which indicates that FA has the strongest adsorption property.The degradation performance of these organics and their mixture were observed in a thin-layer reactor.It shows that FA could hardly achieve exhausted mineralization alone,while LMHCs could be easily oxidized completely in the same condition.The degradation degree of FA,which is added LMHCs,improves significantly and the best promotion effect is achieved by glycerol.The promotion effect of LMHCs in the degradation of FA could be contributed to the formation of a tremendous amount of hydroxyl radicals in the NPEC process.The hydroxyl radicals could facilitate the complete degradation of both FA and its intermediate products.Among the chosen LMHCs,glycerol molecule which has three hydroxyls could generate the most hydroxyl radicals and contribute the best effective promotion.This work provides a new way to promote the NPEC degradation of FA and a direction to remove humus from polluted water.

Modifed Pre-stretching Assembly Method for Cable-Driven Systems

Soft cable-driven systems have been employed in many assembled mechanisms, such as industrial robots, parallel kinematic mechanism machines, medical devices, and humaniform hands. A pre-stretching process is necessary to guarantee the quality of cable-driven systems during the assembly process. However, the stress relaxation of cables becomes a critical concern during long-term operation. This study investigates the effects of non-uniform deformation and long-term stress relaxation of the driven cables owing to moving parts in the system. A simple closed-loop cable-driven system is built and an alternating load is applied to it to replicate the operation of transmission cables. Under different experimental conditions, the cable tension is recorded and the boundary data are selected to be curve-fitted. Based on the fitted results, a formula is presented to estimate the stress relaxation of cables to evaluate the assembly performance. Further experimental results show that the stress relaxation is mainly caused by cable creep and the assembly procedure. To remove the influence of the assembly procedure, a modified pre-stretching assembly method based on the stress relaxation theory is proposed and verification experiments are performed. Finally, the assembly performance is optimized using a cable-driven surgical robot as an example. This paper proposes a dual stretching method instead of the pre-stretching method to assemble the cable-driven system to improve its performance and prolong its service life.

Morphological and phylogenetic diversity of magnetotactic bacteria and multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from a mangrove ecosystem in the Sanya River,South China

Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB)are morphologically and phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes commonly able to produce magnetic nanocrystals within intracellular membrane-bound organelles(i.e.,magnetosomes)and to swim along geomagnetic field lines.We studied the diversity of MTB in the samples collected from a mangrove area in the Sanya River,Hainan,South China,using microscopic and microbial phylogenetic methods.Results of microanalysis and observation in microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS)reveal a highly morphological diversity of MTB including unicellular cocci,vibrios,rod-shaped bacteria,and three morphotypes of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes(MMPs).In addition,analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that these MTB were clustered into 16 operational taxonomic units affi liated to the Alpha-,Delta-,and Gamma-proteobacteria classes within the Proteobacteria phylum.Meanwhile,by using the coupled fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analysis,rodshaped bacteria,vibrio,and cocci were phylogenetically and structurally identified at the single-cell level.This study demonstrated highly diverse MTB communities in the mangrove ecosystem and provide a new insight into the overall diversity of MTB.

Method for Latency Measurement of Visual Feedback-Based Master–Slave Minimally Invasive Surgical Robot

To measure the latency between human motion stimulation and stereo image display response in a visual feedback-based minimally invasive surgical(MIS) robotic system,a method was proposed by comparing the orientations of input and output events through image-processing technology. This method used a black bar to keep pace with the measured joint rotating at a number of speeds. During tests,an external camera was placed in front of the apparatus with a proper visual field,so that it can simultaneously view orientations of both bars fixed on the corresponding joints. After quantitatively analyzing the accuracy of the proposed measurement method,the method was applied to a visual feedback-based master–slave robotic system with two-degrees-of-freedom. Experimental results show that the latency of the overall system was approximately 250 ms,and the opposite clearance of the measured joint was in the range of 1.7°–1.9°.

Formal[2+1]Cycloadditions of a Metallacyclopentadiene Unit with Alkynes:Constructing Tetracyclic Conjugated Frameworks with Bridgehead Metals

Comprehensive Summary Metallacyclopentadienes play a vital role in transition-metal mediated and catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of alkynes.Though versatile reactions of metallacyclopentadienes with alkynes have been disclosed,[2+1]cycloadditions of metallacyclopentadienes and alkynes have never been discovered.In present work,we report the formal[2+1]cycloadditions of a metallacyclopentadiene unit with a broad scope of commercial alkynes,providing a facile strategy to construct tetracyclic conjugated compounds.The deuterated experiment indicates a metal vinylidene intermediate has been involved in[2+1]cycloaddition.Moreover,the electrophilic substitution reaction of the tetracyclic conjugated compound with the aid of density functional theory(DFT)calculated Fukui functions is investigated.

BiVO_4 Photoanode with Exposed(040) Facets for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

A BiVO_4 photoanode with exposed(040) facets was prepared to enhance its photoelectrochemical performance.The exposure of the(040) crystal planes of the BiVO_4 film was induced by adding NaCl to the precursor solution. The asprepared BiVO_4 photoanode exhibits higher solar-light absorption and charge-separation efficiency compared to those of an anode prepared without adding Na Cl. To our knowledge,the photocurrent density(1.26 m A cm^(-2) at 1.23 V vs. RHE) of as-prepared BiVO_4 photoanode is the highest according to the reports for bare BiVO_4 films under simulated AM1.5 G solar light, and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency is above 35% at 400 nm. The photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting performance was also dramatically improvedwith a hydrogen evolution rate of 9.11 lmol cm^(-2) h^(-1), which is five times compared with the BiVO_4 photoanode prepared without NaCl(1.82 lmol cm^(-2) h^(-1)). Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and transient photocurrent measurements show a higher charge-carrier-transfer rate for this photoanode. These results demonstrate a promising approach for the development of high-performance BiVO_4 photoanodes which can be used for efficient PEC water splitting and degradation of organic pollutants.

Core-shell lipid-polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced oral bioavailability and antihypertensive efficacy of KY5 peptide

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for death and disability, and hypertensive patients always need long-term oral antihypertensive drugs. Some bioactive peptides that extracted from animals or plants have shown excellent advantages on antihypertension. However, the oral delivery of these peptides is always failure on account of instability and poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we developed a core-shell lipid-polymeric nanoparticle for oral delivery of a highly efficient antihypertensive peptide KY5(KY5-CSs). KY5-CSs had a particle size of 216.7 ± 2.5 nm, with a narrow PDI of 0.07 ± 0.01.The zeta potential was-4.1 ± 0.1 m V. It exhibited good stability in 4 ℃ and possessed a controlled release behavior in gastrointestinal tract. The cellular uptake study proved that the lipid shell imparted unique capability of permeation across the mucus layer and internalization by Caco-2/HT-29 cells. In addition, KY5-CSs enhanced in situ intestinal absorption in SD rats. The pharmacokinetic studies and antihypertensive efficacy showed a superior oral absorption and antihypertensive effect of KY5-CSs than KY5-NPs. In conclusion, the core-shell lipid-polymeric nanoparticles will provide attractive potential for oral delivery of antihypertensive peptides.

早寒武纪清江丝菌牵出硫酸盐还原菌与地球环境协同演化 历史

Sulfate reduction is an essential metabolism that maintains biogeochemical cycles in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.Sulfate reducers are exclusively prokaryotic,phylogenetically diverse,and may have evolved early in Earth’s history.However,their origin is elusive and unequivocal fossils are lacking.Here we report a new microfossil,Qingjiangonema cambria,from518-million-year-old black shales that yield the Qingjiang biota.Qingjiangonema is a long filamentous form comprising hundreds of cells filled by equimorphic and equidimensional pyrite microcrystals with a light sulfur isotope composition.Multiple lines of evidence indicate Qingjiangonema was a sulfate-reducing bacterium that exhibits similar patterns of cell organization to filamentous forms within the phylum Desulfobacterota,including the sulfate-reducing Desulfonema and sulfide-oxidizing cable bacteria.Phylogenomic analyses confirm separate,independent origins of multicellularity in Desulfonema and in cable bacteria.Molecular clock analyses infer that the Desulfobacterota,which encompass a majority of sulfate-reducing taxa,diverged~2.41 billion years ago during the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxygenation Event,while cable bacteria diverged~0.56 billion years ago during or immediately after the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event.Taken together,we interpret Qingjiangonema as a multicellular sulfate-reducing microfossil and propose that cable bacteria evolved from a multicellular filamentous sulfate-reducing ancestor.We infer that the diversification of the Desulfobacterota and the origin of cable bacteria may have been responses to oxygenation events in Earth’s history.

Semi-elastic core-shell nanoparticles enhanced the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs

The rigidity of nanoparticles was newly reported to influence their oral delivery.Semi-elastic nanoparticles can enhance the penetration in mucus and uptake by epithelial cells.However,it is still challenging and unclear that the semi-elastic core-shell nanoparticles can enhance the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs.This study was for the first time to validate the semi-elastic coreshell poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)-lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)as the carrier of the oral peptide drug.The antihypertensive peptide Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro(VP5)loaded LNPs(VP5-LNPs)were prepared by a modified thin-film ultrasonic dispersion method.Uptake experiment was performed in Caco-2 and HT-29 cells and monito red by high content screening(HCS)and flow cyto metric(FCM).Pharmacokinetics of VP5-LNPs was carried out in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and analyzed by DAS 2.0.The optimal VP5-LNPs had an average particle size of 247.3±3.8 nm,zeta potential of-6.57±0.45 mV and excellent entrapment efficiency(EE)of 89.88%±1.23%.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)and Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)further confirmed the core-shell structure.VP5-LNPs could increase the cellular uptake in vitro and have a 2.55-fold increase in AUC0-72 h,indicating a great promotion of the o ral bioavailability.The semi-elastic LNPs remarkably improved the oral availability of peptide and could be a promising oral peptide delivery system for peptide drugs in the future.

The antiestrogen-like activity and reproductive toxicity of 2,6-DCBQ on female zebrafish upon sub-chronic exposure

2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ), an emerging water disinfection by-product, is widely detected in water resources. However, its potential effects on the reproductive system are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of 2,6-DCBQ on gonadal development by exposing zebrafish from 15 to 180 days postfertilization(dpf). Following exposure to 2,6-DCBQ(20 and 100 μg/L), female-specific effects including delayed puberty onset, retarded ovarian growth and breakdown of the zona radiata were observed, resulting in subfertility in adult females. Adverse effects in folliculogenesis disappeared two months after cessation of 2,6-DCBQ administration. In contrast, no adverse impacts were noted in male testes. The effects on females were associated with significant reduction in 17 β-estradiol(E2) level, suggesting a role for 2,6-DCBQ in anti-estrogenic activity. E2 level change in blood was further supported by dysregulated expression of genes( cyp19a1a, fshb, kiss3, esr2b, vtg1, and vtg3) related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad-liver(HPGL) axis. The present study demonstrates for the first time that 2,6-DCBQ induces reproductive impairments in female zebrafish through disrupting 17 β-estradiol level.

Mechanically strengthened graphene-Cu composite with reduced thermal expansion towards interconnect applications

High-density integration technologies with copper(Cu)through-silicon via(TSV)have emerged as viable alternatives for achieving the requisite integration densities for the portable electronics and micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMSs)package.However,significant thermo-mechanical stresses can be introduced in integrated structures during the manufacturing process due to mismatches of thermal expansion and the mechanical properties between Cu and silicon(Si).The high-density integration demands an interconnection material with a strong mechanical strength and small thermal expansion mismatch.In this study,a novel electroplating method is developed for the synthesis of a graphene-copper(G-Cu)composite with electrochemically exfoliated graphenes.The fabrication and evaluation of the G-Cu composite microstructures,including the microcantilevers and micromirrors supported by the composite,are reported.We evaluated not only the micromechanical properties of the G-Cu composite based on in-situ mechanical resonant frequency measurements using a laser Doppler vibrometer but also the coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE)of the composite based on curvature radius measurements at a temperature range of 20–200℃.The Young’s modulus and shear modulus of the composite are approximately 123 and 51 GPa,which are 1.25 times greater and 1.22 times greater,respectively,than those of pure Cu due to the reinforcement of graphene.The G-Cu composite exhibits a 23%lower CTE than Cu without sacrificing electrical conductivity.These results show that the mechanically strengthened G-Cu composite with reduced thermal expansion is an ideal and reliable interconnection material instead of Cu for complex integration structures.