Prognosis and immunological role of HLA-DMA in lung adenocarcinoma

Background:HLA-DMA presents pathogen-derived antigens to CD4+and CD8+T cells,respectively,and plays a significant part in initiating the immune response.So far,the impact of HLA expression on the prognosis of BC cells is controversial,because few studies have shown that the expressions of some HLA genes are related to the improvement of the survival rate.Up till now,however,the relationship between HLA-DMA and LUAD has not yet been assessed.Methods:We analyzed the TCGA database and assessed the prognostic value of HLA-DMA in LUAD.We conducted the Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and utilized logistic regression to assess the role of clinical-pathologic characteristics and HLA-DMA expression.Kaplan–Meier method and the multivariate and univariate Cox regression were also used for evaluating the prognosis-related factors of LUAD.GSEA was used to identify HLA-DMA-related key pathways.The ssGSEA of the TCGA data was used to investigate the correlations between HLA-DMA and cancer immune cell infiltration.Results:Low HLA-DMA expression was related to poorer disease-specific survival(DSS)and overall survival(OS)of LUAD patients.GSEA revealed that HLA-DMA was tightly interrelated with an immune response by the reactome activation of anterior hox genes in hindbrain development during the early embryogenesis signaling pathway.The expression of HLA-DMA was positively associated with cytotoxic cell infiltration and negatively related to the Th2 cell infiltration according to the ssGSEA.Western blotting and the CCK-8 assay showed that KD-HLA-DMA could significantly increase the proliferation of A549 cells and significantly reduce cell pyroptosis.Conclusion:All the observations implied that HLA-DMA was associated with patient prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD.

Evaluation of the tumor angiogenesis in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatic cancer with MR perfusion-weighted imaging

Objective:To explore the application of MR perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI) in the benign and malignant prostate diseases,and evaluate the correlations of PWI features with vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and microvessel density(MVD). Methods:Seventy-four consecutive patients who were diagnosed clinically for the prostate diseases,including forty-four cases with benign prostate hyperplasia and thirty cases with prostatic cancer proved pathologically,were examined by PWI. MVD and VEGF were stained with immunohistochemical methods. Some parameters of PWI,including the steepest slope of signal intensity-time curve(SSmax) and the change in relaxation rate(ΔR2 peak) at lesions,were analyzed. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the results of PWI and immunohistochemistry. Results:(1) In the benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH),SSmax and ΔR2 peak of perfusion curve were 34.2 ± 2.9 and 1.49 ± 0.11,respectively;however,in the prostatic cancer(Pca),they were 58.6 ± 4.8 and 3.18 ± 0.49 respectively;there were statistical differences(t = 2.16 and 2.31,P < 0.05).(2) The VEGF and MVD expressions of thirty Pca patients were significantly higher than those of forty-four BPH patients(χ2 = 28.64,P < 0.01;t = 21.2,P < 0.01). MVD expressions of Pca and BPH groups showed positive associations with VEGF expressions(P < 0.01). On MR perfusion-weighted imaging,SSmax and ΔR2 peak showed associations with MVD and VEGF expressions(P < 0.01). Conclusion:On MR perfusion-weighted imaging,SSmax and ΔR2 peak can reflect MVD and VEGF expression levels in the benign and malignant prostate diseases and might be implied the tumor angiogenesis so as to distinguish benign from malignant and provide the important information for the surgeon to diagnose and treat the prostatic diseases.