Pelletization of hematite ore requires high fineness and very high induration temperature(~1325 ℃) owing to its poor diffusion bonding unlike magnetite ore. Further, high-alumina hematite pellets show very high red...Pelletization of hematite ore requires high fineness and very high induration temperature(~1325 ℃) owing to its poor diffusion bonding unlike magnetite ore. Further, high-alumina hematite pellets show very high reduction degradation index(RDI) during low temperature(500-650 ℃) reduction due to their volume expansion and lattice distortion. Noamundi(India) hematite ore contains very high Al2O3(2.3%) with adverse ratio of alumina to silica(~2) for which, it shows very high RDI. In this work, the acid pellets prepared from Noamundi ore fines of optimum Blaine fineness show good cold crushing strength(CCS). However, it shows very high RDI(77%). In order to reduce RDI, Mg O in form of two different gangue-containing fluxes, such as pyroxenite and olivine in varying quantities has been added. The optimum requirement and performance of these fluxes has been examined and compared. Both pyroxenite and olivine fluxed pellets show significant lowering of RDI(26% and 23%, respectively) and improvement of other properties, viz CCS, swelling indices etc with good reducibility(70%-77%). Finally, a good quality acidic hematite pellet was developed from high-alumina ore without using any lime which is very important charge material in combination of basic sinter in blast furnace.展开更多
Iron ore microfines and concentrate have very limited uses in sintering processes. They are used in pelletization; however, this process is cost intensive. Furthermore, the microfines of non-coking coal and other carb...Iron ore microfines and concentrate have very limited uses in sintering processes. They are used in pelletization; however, this process is cost intensive. Furthermore, the microfines of non-coking coal and other carbon-bearing materials, e.g., blast-furnace flue dust (BFD) and coke frees, are not used extensively in the metallurgical industry because of operational difficu]ties and handling problems. In the present work, to utilize these microfines, coal composite iron oxide micropellets (2-6 mm in size) were produced through an innovative technique in which lime and molasses were used as binding materials in the micropellets. The micropellets were subsequently treated with CO2 or the industrial waste gas to induce the chemical bond formation. The results show that, at a very high carbon level of 22wt% (38wt% coal), the cold crushing strength and abrasion index of the micropellets are 2.5-3 kg/cm2 and 5wt%-9wt%, respectively; these values indicate that the pellets are suitable for cold handling. The developed micropellets have strong potential as a heat source in smelting reduction in iron making and sintering to reduce coke breeze. The micropellets produced with BFD and coke fines (8wt%-12wt%) were used in iron ore sin- tering and were observed to reduce the coke breeze consumption by 3%-4%. The quality of the produced sinter was at par with that of the conventional blast-furnace sinter.展开更多
Carbon quantum dot/carbon dot(CD)exhibiting sustained photoluminescence at longer wavelengths in aqueous solution is difficult to prepare,but has enormous potential in biomedical applications.For the first time,we rep...Carbon quantum dot/carbon dot(CD)exhibiting sustained photoluminescence at longer wavelengths in aqueous solution is difficult to prepare,but has enormous potential in biomedical applications.For the first time,we report the magnesium(II)selective fluorescence enhancement of a red-light emitting anthrarufin and boric acid-derived CD in aqueous solution for direct evaluation of creatine kinase(CK)enzyme activity.The CD displayed visually detectable,intense red fluorescence only in the presence of magnesium ion(Mg^2+)at physiological pH value when irradiated with an ultraviolet(UV)source.Concurrently,a significant increase in steady-state fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime was documented.A time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT)analysis displayed a bathochromic shift in UV–visible(vis)absorption,and increased oscillator strength of transition resulting from the selective chelation of Mg^2+withβ-hydroxy keto functionality on the surface of the CD.The CD–Mg^2+assembly was subsequently used to conceptualize the detection of CK directly through the exploration of the differential binding affinity of Mg2+with adenosine triphosphate(ATP),adenosine diphophate(ADP),and CD that is otherwise not possible with commercially available kits as of today.Thus,the report delineated here usher grandeur potential of CD for biological explorations related to Mg2+or ATP sensing and monitoring of Mg^2+-dependent enzymatic activity through a clear understanding of the chemistry.展开更多
Lump lime as the most common flux and iron ore as a coolant are used in basic oxygen steel making. However, high melting point, poor dissolution property, fines generation tendency and hygroscopic nature of lump lime ...Lump lime as the most common flux and iron ore as a coolant are used in basic oxygen steel making. However, high melting point, poor dissolution property, fines generation tendency and hygroscopic nature of lump lime often create problems in operation. As the combination of both iron oxide (Fe2O3) and CaO shows eutectic at 1 230 ℃, a combined mass of iron oxide and lime melts at lower temperature and dissolves faster in a molten bath. A partially pre-fused synthetic flux (PSF) was prepared through an innovative way in combination of iron oxide fines viz. Linz Donawitz converter sludge and blast furnace flue dust and lime fines by micro-pelletization of the mix followed by coke breeze free sintering. The developed PSF shows good cold handling strength, low melting point (1 180 ℃), good thermal shock resistance, etc. As a low melting synthetic flux, its performance was assessed through dissolution/melting study in hot metal bath and refining of hot metal in a simulated bottom blown converter using (i) PSF, (ii) only lump lime and (iii) lump lime with iron ore when keeping other conditions identical. Very fast dissolution (27 80 s for 1-3 g lumps), enhanced removal of C and P (11-12 min), controlled slag foaming, and reduced oxygen consumption was obtained for using PSF.展开更多
文摘Pelletization of hematite ore requires high fineness and very high induration temperature(~1325 ℃) owing to its poor diffusion bonding unlike magnetite ore. Further, high-alumina hematite pellets show very high reduction degradation index(RDI) during low temperature(500-650 ℃) reduction due to their volume expansion and lattice distortion. Noamundi(India) hematite ore contains very high Al2O3(2.3%) with adverse ratio of alumina to silica(~2) for which, it shows very high RDI. In this work, the acid pellets prepared from Noamundi ore fines of optimum Blaine fineness show good cold crushing strength(CCS). However, it shows very high RDI(77%). In order to reduce RDI, Mg O in form of two different gangue-containing fluxes, such as pyroxenite and olivine in varying quantities has been added. The optimum requirement and performance of these fluxes has been examined and compared. Both pyroxenite and olivine fluxed pellets show significant lowering of RDI(26% and 23%, respectively) and improvement of other properties, viz CCS, swelling indices etc with good reducibility(70%-77%). Finally, a good quality acidic hematite pellet was developed from high-alumina ore without using any lime which is very important charge material in combination of basic sinter in blast furnace.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Steel,Government of India
文摘Iron ore microfines and concentrate have very limited uses in sintering processes. They are used in pelletization; however, this process is cost intensive. Furthermore, the microfines of non-coking coal and other carbon-bearing materials, e.g., blast-furnace flue dust (BFD) and coke frees, are not used extensively in the metallurgical industry because of operational difficu]ties and handling problems. In the present work, to utilize these microfines, coal composite iron oxide micropellets (2-6 mm in size) were produced through an innovative technique in which lime and molasses were used as binding materials in the micropellets. The micropellets were subsequently treated with CO2 or the industrial waste gas to induce the chemical bond formation. The results show that, at a very high carbon level of 22wt% (38wt% coal), the cold crushing strength and abrasion index of the micropellets are 2.5-3 kg/cm2 and 5wt%-9wt%, respectively; these values indicate that the pellets are suitable for cold handling. The developed micropellets have strong potential as a heat source in smelting reduction in iron making and sintering to reduce coke breeze. The micropellets produced with BFD and coke fines (8wt%-12wt%) were used in iron ore sin- tering and were observed to reduce the coke breeze consumption by 3%-4%. The quality of the produced sinter was at par with that of the conventional blast-furnace sinter.
文摘Carbon quantum dot/carbon dot(CD)exhibiting sustained photoluminescence at longer wavelengths in aqueous solution is difficult to prepare,but has enormous potential in biomedical applications.For the first time,we report the magnesium(II)selective fluorescence enhancement of a red-light emitting anthrarufin and boric acid-derived CD in aqueous solution for direct evaluation of creatine kinase(CK)enzyme activity.The CD displayed visually detectable,intense red fluorescence only in the presence of magnesium ion(Mg^2+)at physiological pH value when irradiated with an ultraviolet(UV)source.Concurrently,a significant increase in steady-state fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime was documented.A time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT)analysis displayed a bathochromic shift in UV–visible(vis)absorption,and increased oscillator strength of transition resulting from the selective chelation of Mg^2+withβ-hydroxy keto functionality on the surface of the CD.The CD–Mg^2+assembly was subsequently used to conceptualize the detection of CK directly through the exploration of the differential binding affinity of Mg2+with adenosine triphosphate(ATP),adenosine diphophate(ADP),and CD that is otherwise not possible with commercially available kits as of today.Thus,the report delineated here usher grandeur potential of CD for biological explorations related to Mg2+or ATP sensing and monitoring of Mg^2+-dependent enzymatic activity through a clear understanding of the chemistry.
基金the financial assistance received from Ministry of Steel(Government of India) under Steel Development Fund to carry out this investigation
文摘Lump lime as the most common flux and iron ore as a coolant are used in basic oxygen steel making. However, high melting point, poor dissolution property, fines generation tendency and hygroscopic nature of lump lime often create problems in operation. As the combination of both iron oxide (Fe2O3) and CaO shows eutectic at 1 230 ℃, a combined mass of iron oxide and lime melts at lower temperature and dissolves faster in a molten bath. A partially pre-fused synthetic flux (PSF) was prepared through an innovative way in combination of iron oxide fines viz. Linz Donawitz converter sludge and blast furnace flue dust and lime fines by micro-pelletization of the mix followed by coke breeze free sintering. The developed PSF shows good cold handling strength, low melting point (1 180 ℃), good thermal shock resistance, etc. As a low melting synthetic flux, its performance was assessed through dissolution/melting study in hot metal bath and refining of hot metal in a simulated bottom blown converter using (i) PSF, (ii) only lump lime and (iii) lump lime with iron ore when keeping other conditions identical. Very fast dissolution (27 80 s for 1-3 g lumps), enhanced removal of C and P (11-12 min), controlled slag foaming, and reduced oxygen consumption was obtained for using PSF.