胸腺恶性肿瘤预后的标准评估方法

胸腺恶性肿瘤相对少见，发病率约2.5-3.2/100万[1,2]，病例也分散在各个医疗中心。现有文献几乎都是单中心的回顾性研究，为获得足够的病例，研究时间往往跨度几十年，报道结果的方式和使用的定义也各不相同，不同的研究结果很难比较。加之胸腺恶性肿瘤的进展、复发模式及致死原因等都具有其一定的特殊性，如何报道其结局显得十分重要。由于胸腺恶性肿瘤患者数量相对有限，从现有的经验中收集信息较为困难，而且存在过度描述和错误结论的风险。因此，专业胸腺肿瘤学术组织（International Thymic Malignacy Interest Group, ITMIG）对临床试验结果的报告制定了一套标准，已被该组织承担的合作项目采用。该标准的广泛应用将增强不同研究结果的可比性。只有采用统一的定义和规范的结果报告，胸腺肿瘤研究才能取得重要进展。2010年以前由外科医生、肿瘤内科医生和统计学家组成的小组共同回顾已有文献使用的评估方法形成初步的建议，再经过一个扩展小组审查，并最终将提炼的建议分发给所有ITMIG成员进行进一步讨论。最后在2010年5月6日的纽约年会上得到ITMIG的认可并被采用。本文就ITMIG标准作一综述。

外科医生和病理医生对胸腺恶性肿瘤切除标本的处理方法和程序

胸腺恶性肿瘤发病率低，临床病例分散，需要结合多中心经验才能进行良好的研究，但由于在诸多方面没有统一标准，使得研究与研究之间的可比性差。其中外科医生和病理医生对胸腺恶性肿瘤切除标本的处理是统一标准中至关重要的部分。针对目前胸腺瘤的常用手术方式胸骨劈开根治性R0切除术的标本处理作如下规定，包括切除胸腺瘤及周围的受累结构说明如何处理手术切除标本。活检或细胞学标本的处理另文描述[1]。本文首先由国际胸腺肿瘤协作组织（International hTymic Malignacy Interest Group, ITMIG）中病理医生和外科医生组成的小组回顾相关文献形成初步建议[2,3]，交扩展组审议提炼后分发给ITMIG成员进讨论，再将ITMIG成员回馈的建议和几个大中心试点的情况进行提炼，最终形成的建议经ITMIG批准并被采用。因此，既强调证据又代表ITMIG成员的广泛共识。

EB病毒阳性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤合并浆细胞骨髓瘤1例

EB病毒阳性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤合并浆细胞骨髓瘤病例罕见,本文报道1例77岁男性病例,淋巴结和骨髓标本镜下病理组织学完全不同,各描述其组织学特点及免疫表型,提出诊断和鉴别诊断要点,旨在提高对本病的认识及发病机制的理解。

Oxalate contents of commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs

OBJECTIVE:To assess the total and soluble oxalate contents of commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs.METHODS:Twenty-two Chinese medicinal herbs were extracted in both acid and water prior to determination of total and soluble oxalate,respectively.Oxalate was assayed in herbal extracts using a well-established enzymatic procedure.RESULTS:Among the 22 medicinal herbs,there was significant variation in oxalate content;Houttuynia cordata contained the highest amount of soluble oxalate(2146 mg/100 g) and Selaginella doederleinii contained the lowest amount(71 mg/100g).CONCLUSION:The results indicated that different Chinese medicinal herbs,even from the same family,contain significantly different amounts of oxalate.In susceptible individuals,the use of medicinal herbs with the highest oxalate contents could increase risk of kidney stone formation.

DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL IN A DELAYED DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC BIO-ECONOMIC MODEL WITH STAGE STRUCTURE AND DIFFUSION

Nowadays, biological resource in prey-predator ecosystem is commercially harvested and sold with aim of achieving economic interest. Furthermore, harvest effort is usually influ- enced by variation of economic interest of harvesting and spatial heterogeneous environ- ment. In this paper, a delayed differential-algebraic bio-economic model is proposed, which is utilized to investigate interaction and coexistence mechanism of biological pop- ulation in the harvested ecosystem due to the variation of economic interest of harvesting as well as the change of population spatial diffusion and gestation delay. Local stability analysis of the proposed model without gestation delay and diffusion reveals that there is a phenomenon of singularity induced bifurcation due to the variation of economic interest of harvesting, and state feedback controllers are designed to stabilize the pro- posed model at the interior equilibrium. Furthermore, local stability of the proposed model with gestation delay and diffusion is studied, which reveals that the interior equi- librium loses its stability at some critical values of gestation delay and corresponding cycle occurs. It is also shown that population spatial diffusion and harvesting have a stabilizing effect on population dynamics. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to show consistency with theoretical analysis obtained in this paper.