Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death,yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited.Thus far,tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of...Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death,yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited.Thus far,tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke patients,yet its application is only applicable to less than 4–5% of stroke patients due to the narrow therapeutic window（〈 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke） and the high risk of hemorrhagic transformation.Emerging evidence from basic and clinical studies has shown that therapeutic hypothermia,also known as targeted temperature management,can be a promising therapy for patients with different types of stroke.Moreover,the success in animal models using pharmacologically induced hypothermia（PIH） has gained increasing momentum for clinical translation of hypothermic therapy.This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms and protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia,as well as the recent development and findings behind PIH treatment.It is expected that a safe and effective hypothermic therapy has a high translational potential for clinical treatment of patients with stroke and other CNS injuries.展开更多
We study properties of graded maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over an N-graded locally finite,Auslander Gorenstein,and Cohen-Macaulay algebra of dimension two.As a consequence,we extend a part of the McKay corresponden...We study properties of graded maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over an N-graded locally finite,Auslander Gorenstein,and Cohen-Macaulay algebra of dimension two.As a consequence,we extend a part of the McKay correspondence in dimension two to a more general setting.展开更多
In the study of the structure of graded algebras(such as graded ideals,graded subspaces,and radicals)or graded polynomial identities,the grading group can be replaced by any other group that realizes the same grading....In the study of the structure of graded algebras(such as graded ideals,graded subspaces,and radicals)or graded polynomial identities,the grading group can be replaced by any other group that realizes the same grading.Here we come to the notion of weak equivalence of gradings:two gradings are weakly equivalent if there exists an isomorphism between the graded algebras that maps each graded component onto a graded component.Each group grading on an algebra can be weakly equivalent to G-gradings for many different groups G;however,it turns out that there is one distinguished group among them,called the universal group of the grading.In this paper we study categories and functors related to the notion of weak equivalence of gradings.In particular,we introduce an oplax 2-functor that assigns to each grading its support,and show that the universal grading group functor has neither left nor right adjoint.展开更多
基金supported by an American Heart Association(AHA)Postdoctoral Fellowship 15POST25680013(JHL)NIH grants NS085568(SPY)a VA Merit grant RX000666(SPY)
文摘Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death,yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited.Thus far,tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke patients,yet its application is only applicable to less than 4–5% of stroke patients due to the narrow therapeutic window（〈 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke） and the high risk of hemorrhagic transformation.Emerging evidence from basic and clinical studies has shown that therapeutic hypothermia,also known as targeted temperature management,can be a promising therapy for patients with different types of stroke.Moreover,the success in animal models using pharmacologically induced hypothermia（PIH） has gained increasing momentum for clinical translation of hypothermic therapy.This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms and protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia,as well as the recent development and findings behind PIH treatment.It is expected that a safe and effective hypothermic therapy has a high translational potential for clinical treatment of patients with stroke and other CNS injuries.
基金The authors thank the referees for the careful reading and very useful suggestions and thank Ken Brown,Daniel Rogalski,Robert Won,and Quanshui Wu for many useful conversations and valuable comments on the subject.Y.-H.Wang and X.-S.Qin thank the Department of Mathematics,University of Washington for its very supportive hospitality during their visitsX.-S.Qin was partially supported by the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(Grant No.[2016]3100)+3 种基金Y.-H.Wang was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11971289,11871071)the Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.15511107300)the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(Grant No.[2016]3009)J.J.Zhang was partially supported by the US National Science Foundation(Grant No.DMS-1700825).
文摘We study properties of graded maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over an N-graded locally finite,Auslander Gorenstein,and Cohen-Macaulay algebra of dimension two.As a consequence,we extend a part of the McKay correspondence in dimension two to a more general setting.
基金supported by Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen post doctoral fellowship(Belgium)supported by the Israel Science Foundation(grant No.1516/16).
文摘In the study of the structure of graded algebras(such as graded ideals,graded subspaces,and radicals)or graded polynomial identities,the grading group can be replaced by any other group that realizes the same grading.Here we come to the notion of weak equivalence of gradings:two gradings are weakly equivalent if there exists an isomorphism between the graded algebras that maps each graded component onto a graded component.Each group grading on an algebra can be weakly equivalent to G-gradings for many different groups G;however,it turns out that there is one distinguished group among them,called the universal group of the grading.In this paper we study categories and functors related to the notion of weak equivalence of gradings.In particular,we introduce an oplax 2-functor that assigns to each grading its support,and show that the universal grading group functor has neither left nor right adjoint.
