In this study, extractability of 13 organochlorine pesticides aged in six different soil types, was investigated. Acceptable recoveries were achieved for most of the analytes spiked into five of the soil types. No app...In this study, extractability of 13 organochlorine pesticides aged in six different soil types, was investigated. Acceptable recoveries were achieved for most of the analytes spiked into five of the soil types. No apparent correlation was perceptible between the soil characteristics and extractability of the aged analytes, signifying exhaustiveness of the extraction. However, recovery was considerably minimized (<75%) in the clay ensuring the hypothesis of study stating “extraction efficiency might be matrix dependent”. Therefore, the study demonstrates importance of optimizing extraction conditions even for those believed to be less prone to matrix effect, due to distinct properties of analyte-matrix interactions.展开更多
In this study, the fate of four common anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen) within a wastewater treatment plant was investigated. A previously developed direct hollow fiber liquid p...In this study, the fate of four common anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen) within a wastewater treatment plant was investigated. A previously developed direct hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction method was applied to water as well as sludge samples collected from the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment respectively and the final analysis was performed by liquid chromatography quadropole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. Enrichment factors ranged from 1400 to 3900 times depending on analyte and matrix. Method detection limits ranged from 0.3 to 14 ng/L for the different analytes and matrices. The overall sludge removal was 9%, 3%, 13% and 1% for ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen respectively, thus indicating that of the studied compounds, ketoprofen and diclofenac to the largest extent partition into the sludge. For both substances, the largest fraction was found in secondary sludge (60% and 80% respectively of the total amount detected in the sludge). For naproxen and ibuprofen, the largest fraction were on the other hand detected in primary and tertiary sludge respectively, indicating that the affinity to the different sludge types might vary among the four drugs. The overall low sludge removal confirms existing theories that partitioning into sludge is only a minor removal mechanism for the investigated compounds. Nevertheless, naproxen and ibuprofen are still efficiently removed from the water during treatment (100% and 97 % total removal respectively) suggesting that these compounds are highly susceptible to biodegradation while ketoprofen and diclofenac (66% and 67% total removal respectively) appear more persistent.展开更多
A two-phase hollow-fiber (HF) liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method followed by gas chromatography was developed for quantification of 8 major polybrominated diphenyl ethers at trace level in sewage sludge. In th...A two-phase hollow-fiber (HF) liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method followed by gas chromatography was developed for quantification of 8 major polybrominated diphenyl ethers at trace level in sewage sludge. In this method the porous polypropylene hollow fibers filled with a few microliters of organic solvent, were immersed in aqueous samples of wet sludge which were spiked with the PBDEs at ng/l level. Parameters such as salt concentration, stirring speed, extraction time and pH were optimized and the optimum extraction conditions were then applied to the determination of PBDEs in sewage sludge from K?llby sewage treatment plant in Lund. The optimized method allowed detection of 5.1 μg kg–1 and 0.43 μg kg–1 of BDE-47 and 183, respectively, in dried sludge. The findings were compatible with the results from recent research on PBDEs level in sewage sludge samples from Sweden. Although BDE-209 was expected to have the highest level, it was not detected. Limit of detection, photodegradation or/and biodegradation of BDE-209 during treatment or experiment are major reasons. Low organic solvent consumption, low sample volume requirement, high preconcentration factor, simplicity without using expensive instrument for extraction and excellent sample clean-up are some important factors that make this sample preparation technique very useful for determination of PBDEs in sludge.展开更多
基金financial support provided by the Swedish International Development Agencythe Department for Research Co-operation(SIDA/SAREC)and the International Science Program(ISP).
文摘In this study, extractability of 13 organochlorine pesticides aged in six different soil types, was investigated. Acceptable recoveries were achieved for most of the analytes spiked into five of the soil types. No apparent correlation was perceptible between the soil characteristics and extractability of the aged analytes, signifying exhaustiveness of the extraction. However, recovery was considerably minimized (<75%) in the clay ensuring the hypothesis of study stating “extraction efficiency might be matrix dependent”. Therefore, the study demonstrates importance of optimizing extraction conditions even for those believed to be less prone to matrix effect, due to distinct properties of analyte-matrix interactions.
文摘In this study, the fate of four common anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen) within a wastewater treatment plant was investigated. A previously developed direct hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction method was applied to water as well as sludge samples collected from the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment respectively and the final analysis was performed by liquid chromatography quadropole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. Enrichment factors ranged from 1400 to 3900 times depending on analyte and matrix. Method detection limits ranged from 0.3 to 14 ng/L for the different analytes and matrices. The overall sludge removal was 9%, 3%, 13% and 1% for ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen respectively, thus indicating that of the studied compounds, ketoprofen and diclofenac to the largest extent partition into the sludge. For both substances, the largest fraction was found in secondary sludge (60% and 80% respectively of the total amount detected in the sludge). For naproxen and ibuprofen, the largest fraction were on the other hand detected in primary and tertiary sludge respectively, indicating that the affinity to the different sludge types might vary among the four drugs. The overall low sludge removal confirms existing theories that partitioning into sludge is only a minor removal mechanism for the investigated compounds. Nevertheless, naproxen and ibuprofen are still efficiently removed from the water during treatment (100% and 97 % total removal respectively) suggesting that these compounds are highly susceptible to biodegradation while ketoprofen and diclofenac (66% and 67% total removal respectively) appear more persistent.
文摘A two-phase hollow-fiber (HF) liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method followed by gas chromatography was developed for quantification of 8 major polybrominated diphenyl ethers at trace level in sewage sludge. In this method the porous polypropylene hollow fibers filled with a few microliters of organic solvent, were immersed in aqueous samples of wet sludge which were spiked with the PBDEs at ng/l level. Parameters such as salt concentration, stirring speed, extraction time and pH were optimized and the optimum extraction conditions were then applied to the determination of PBDEs in sewage sludge from K?llby sewage treatment plant in Lund. The optimized method allowed detection of 5.1 μg kg–1 and 0.43 μg kg–1 of BDE-47 and 183, respectively, in dried sludge. The findings were compatible with the results from recent research on PBDEs level in sewage sludge samples from Sweden. Although BDE-209 was expected to have the highest level, it was not detected. Limit of detection, photodegradation or/and biodegradation of BDE-209 during treatment or experiment are major reasons. Low organic solvent consumption, low sample volume requirement, high preconcentration factor, simplicity without using expensive instrument for extraction and excellent sample clean-up are some important factors that make this sample preparation technique very useful for determination of PBDEs in sludge.
