As a result of the development of wind farms,the gas- steam blocks,which shall quickly ensure energy supply in case the wind velocity is too low,are introduced to the energy system.To shorten the start-up time of the ...As a result of the development of wind farms,the gas- steam blocks,which shall quickly ensure energy supply in case the wind velocity is too low,are introduced to the energy system.To shorten the start-up time of the gas-steam and conventional blocks,the structure of the basic components of the blocks are changed,e.g.by reducing the diameter of the boiler,the thickness of its wall is also reduced.The attempts were also made to revise the currently binding TRD 301 regulations,replacing them by the EN 12952-3 European Standard,to reduce the allowable heating and cooling rates of thick walled boiler components.The basic assumption,on which the boiler regulations allowing to calculate the allowable temperature change rates of pressure components were based,was the quasi- steady state of the temperature field in the simple shaped component,such as a slab,cylindrical or spherical wall.展开更多
This paper lists the contribution in the international interdisciplinary reference – Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses(ETS). The ETS, edited by the world famous expert in field of Thermal Stresses – Professor Richard...This paper lists the contribution in the international interdisciplinary reference – Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses(ETS). The ETS, edited by the world famous expert in field of Thermal Stresses – Professor Richard Hetnarski from Rochester Institute of Technology, was published by Springer in 2014. This unique Encyclopedia, subdivided into 11 volumes is the most extensive and comprehensive work related to the Thermal Stresses topic. The entries were carefully prepared by specialists in the field of thermal stresses, elasticity, heat conduction, optimization among others. The Polish authors' contribution within this work is significant; over 70 entries were prepared by them.展开更多
文摘As a result of the development of wind farms,the gas- steam blocks,which shall quickly ensure energy supply in case the wind velocity is too low,are introduced to the energy system.To shorten the start-up time of the gas-steam and conventional blocks,the structure of the basic components of the blocks are changed,e.g.by reducing the diameter of the boiler,the thickness of its wall is also reduced.The attempts were also made to revise the currently binding TRD 301 regulations,replacing them by the EN 12952-3 European Standard,to reduce the allowable heating and cooling rates of thick walled boiler components.The basic assumption,on which the boiler regulations allowing to calculate the allowable temperature change rates of pressure components were based,was the quasi- steady state of the temperature field in the simple shaped component,such as a slab,cylindrical or spherical wall.
文摘This paper lists the contribution in the international interdisciplinary reference – Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses(ETS). The ETS, edited by the world famous expert in field of Thermal Stresses – Professor Richard Hetnarski from Rochester Institute of Technology, was published by Springer in 2014. This unique Encyclopedia, subdivided into 11 volumes is the most extensive and comprehensive work related to the Thermal Stresses topic. The entries were carefully prepared by specialists in the field of thermal stresses, elasticity, heat conduction, optimization among others. The Polish authors' contribution within this work is significant; over 70 entries were prepared by them.
