In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of Europe...In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.展开更多
在竞争日趋激烈的当今社会,超负荷的工作和生活压力已是一个不时困扰着人们的问题,威胁着人的生理、心理和精神健康。如何缓解压力?按摩桑拿(massages)?练习瑜伽术(yoga)?还是加入周末大逃亡(weekend geta-ways)?本文教你如何应付压力...在竞争日趋激烈的当今社会,超负荷的工作和生活压力已是一个不时困扰着人们的问题,威胁着人的生理、心理和精神健康。如何缓解压力?按摩桑拿(massages)?练习瑜伽术(yoga)?还是加入周末大逃亡(weekend geta-ways)?本文教你如何应付压力的几种方法。Plug In利用电子和生物反馈技术(biofeedback)随时检查自己的压力状况;Take a Deep Breath深呼吸这种缓解紧张情绪的方法虽然古老却是最迅速有效的压力减轻法;Get Snacking吃吃小点心好像是许多女孩子减轻烦恼的方法,可是切记哦,少吃高脂肪的食品;StepBack退一步想想,眼前的烦恼和各种大灾难相比,我们算是很幸运的了,正如中国俗语所说:“退一步海阔天空。”展开更多
文摘In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.
文摘在竞争日趋激烈的当今社会,超负荷的工作和生活压力已是一个不时困扰着人们的问题,威胁着人的生理、心理和精神健康。如何缓解压力?按摩桑拿(massages)?练习瑜伽术(yoga)?还是加入周末大逃亡(weekend geta-ways)?本文教你如何应付压力的几种方法。Plug In利用电子和生物反馈技术(biofeedback)随时检查自己的压力状况;Take a Deep Breath深呼吸这种缓解紧张情绪的方法虽然古老却是最迅速有效的压力减轻法;Get Snacking吃吃小点心好像是许多女孩子减轻烦恼的方法,可是切记哦,少吃高脂肪的食品;StepBack退一步想想,眼前的烦恼和各种大灾难相比,我们算是很幸运的了,正如中国俗语所说:“退一步海阔天空。”
