Background and Aims: Pectoral nerve blocks gained increasing recognition for adequate postoperative pain relief following breast surgery. Traditionally, anaesthetist administered preoperatively under ultrasound guidan...Background and Aims: Pectoral nerve blocks gained increasing recognition for adequate postoperative pain relief following breast surgery. Traditionally, anaesthetist administered preoperatively under ultrasound guidance, which added significantly to the total procedure time. We studied the effectiveness of intraoperative direct vision pectoral nerve block and reduction of total theatre time. Methods: We provided questionnaires to the eligible patients who underwent a mastectomy and or axillary node clearance from August 2018 to May 2019. All the patients had an intra-operative pectoral 1 and serratus plane (Pecs) block. Participants documented pain score twice daily, episodes of nausea or vomiting and type and dose of analgesia for the first seven postoperative days. We compiled and grouped the results into postoperative days 1 - 2 and 3 - 7 for data analysis. Results: Patients reported generally low levels of pain, with a median pain score of 1.75 out of 10 for postoperative days 1 - 2 (IQR 4). The score decreased to 0.7 for days 3 - 7 postoperatively (IQR 3) suggesting that most patients had generally minimal levels of pain apart from a few outliers. The average injection time for PECs blocks was 5 minutes, significantly less than USS guided techniques of 20 - 30 minutes. Conclusions: Our data suggest that nerve blocks under direct vision offer satisfactory efficacy in postoperative analgesia with minimal nausea and vomiting. This is in addition to substantial benefits in operative efficiency and reduction of total procedure time.展开更多
This paper examines the properties of the double loop wireless power transmitter using numerical simulations. The double loop wireless power transmitter consists of two coupling and parallel loop antennas which transm...This paper examines the properties of the double loop wireless power transmitter using numerical simulations. The double loop wireless power transmitter consists of two coupling and parallel loop antennas which transmit field energy through resonant electromagnetic waves. This tech-nology can be applied in RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification) and re-mote charging scenarios where wires cannot be applied to, including the wireless charging of drones and satellites.展开更多
文摘Background and Aims: Pectoral nerve blocks gained increasing recognition for adequate postoperative pain relief following breast surgery. Traditionally, anaesthetist administered preoperatively under ultrasound guidance, which added significantly to the total procedure time. We studied the effectiveness of intraoperative direct vision pectoral nerve block and reduction of total theatre time. Methods: We provided questionnaires to the eligible patients who underwent a mastectomy and or axillary node clearance from August 2018 to May 2019. All the patients had an intra-operative pectoral 1 and serratus plane (Pecs) block. Participants documented pain score twice daily, episodes of nausea or vomiting and type and dose of analgesia for the first seven postoperative days. We compiled and grouped the results into postoperative days 1 - 2 and 3 - 7 for data analysis. Results: Patients reported generally low levels of pain, with a median pain score of 1.75 out of 10 for postoperative days 1 - 2 (IQR 4). The score decreased to 0.7 for days 3 - 7 postoperatively (IQR 3) suggesting that most patients had generally minimal levels of pain apart from a few outliers. The average injection time for PECs blocks was 5 minutes, significantly less than USS guided techniques of 20 - 30 minutes. Conclusions: Our data suggest that nerve blocks under direct vision offer satisfactory efficacy in postoperative analgesia with minimal nausea and vomiting. This is in addition to substantial benefits in operative efficiency and reduction of total procedure time.
文摘This paper examines the properties of the double loop wireless power transmitter using numerical simulations. The double loop wireless power transmitter consists of two coupling and parallel loop antennas which transmit field energy through resonant electromagnetic waves. This tech-nology can be applied in RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification) and re-mote charging scenarios where wires cannot be applied to, including the wireless charging of drones and satellites.
