背景:注意力缺失过动症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是一种普通的儿童疾病,影响到大约11%的美国儿童。已有研究支持一段时间的运动有益于儿童的认知表现,数量有限的研究已证明这种影响对ADHD患儿也有效。本研究旨...背景:注意力缺失过动症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是一种普通的儿童疾病,影响到大约11%的美国儿童。已有研究支持一段时间的运动有益于儿童的认知表现,数量有限的研究已证明这种影响对ADHD患儿也有效。本研究旨在探讨急性运动对ADHD患儿和普通儿童认知表现的影响。方法:让ADHD患儿和普通儿童接受为期2天、顺序平衡随机的治疗,其中一天为30 min对照状态,另一天为中等强度运动。治疗后对受试者进行认知测试。结果:运动使受试者在斯特鲁测试(Stroop Test)3种情况下的表现均有显著提高,但对伦敦塔测试(Tower of London Test)和连线测试(Trail Making Test)表现影响不大。结论:一段时间的运动能改善ADHD患儿和正常儿童的处理速度和抑制控制,但对其计划和定势转换能力没有影响。展开更多
Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise a...Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control condition.Methods: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the exercise.Results: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.展开更多
In recent years,scientists have shown a growing interest in the relationship between exercise,cognitive function,and the brain.The growing body of evidence supporting positive relationships is evidenced by the first m...In recent years,scientists have shown a growing interest in the relationship between exercise,cognitive function,and the brain.The growing body of evidence supporting positive relationships is evidenced by the first mention of the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function appearing in the 9th edition of the American College of Sports Medicine's guidelines published in 2014.1 The strength of this evidence is further confirmed by recommendations relative to the benefits of exercise for cognitive performance and mental health being included in the 2nd edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans,a landmark policy statement released by the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services.展开更多
The effect of acute exercise,a single bout of exercise,on cognitive performance has attracted much attention.The first narrative review of this literature was conducted by Tomporowski and Ellis.1In their summary,the a...The effect of acute exercise,a single bout of exercise,on cognitive performance has attracted much attention.The first narrative review of this literature was conducted by Tomporowski and Ellis.1In their summary,the authors concluded that acute exercise facilitates cognitive performance;however,they emphasized that the studies at that time were atheoretical展开更多
文摘背景:注意力缺失过动症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是一种普通的儿童疾病,影响到大约11%的美国儿童。已有研究支持一段时间的运动有益于儿童的认知表现,数量有限的研究已证明这种影响对ADHD患儿也有效。本研究旨在探讨急性运动对ADHD患儿和普通儿童认知表现的影响。方法:让ADHD患儿和普通儿童接受为期2天、顺序平衡随机的治疗,其中一天为30 min对照状态,另一天为中等强度运动。治疗后对受试者进行认知测试。结果:运动使受试者在斯特鲁测试(Stroop Test)3种情况下的表现均有显著提高,但对伦敦塔测试(Tower of London Test)和连线测试(Trail Making Test)表现影响不大。结论:一段时间的运动能改善ADHD患儿和正常儿童的处理速度和抑制控制,但对其计划和定势转换能力没有影响。
基金supported by the Theodore&Loretta Williams Graduate Research Award Fund for Arts Health at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
文摘Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control condition.Methods: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the exercise.Results: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.
文摘In recent years,scientists have shown a growing interest in the relationship between exercise,cognitive function,and the brain.The growing body of evidence supporting positive relationships is evidenced by the first mention of the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function appearing in the 9th edition of the American College of Sports Medicine's guidelines published in 2014.1 The strength of this evidence is further confirmed by recommendations relative to the benefits of exercise for cognitive performance and mental health being included in the 2nd edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans,a landmark policy statement released by the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services.
文摘The effect of acute exercise,a single bout of exercise,on cognitive performance has attracted much attention.The first narrative review of this literature was conducted by Tomporowski and Ellis.1In their summary,the authors concluded that acute exercise facilitates cognitive performance;however,they emphasized that the studies at that time were atheoretical
