The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome ca...The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome caused by environmental changes(e.g., infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Colorectal cancer is a complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells and a large amount of micro-organisms, and the involvement of the microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Indeed, many changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting a major role of dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis. Some bacterial species have been identified and suspected to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, such as Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium septicum, Fusobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli. The potential pro-carcinogenic effects of these bacteria are now better understood. In this review, we discuss the possible links between the bacterial microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis, focusing on dysbiosis and the potential pro-carcinogenic properties of bacteria, such as genotoxicity and other virulence factors, inflammation, host defenses modulation, bacterial derived metabolism, oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defenses modulation. We lastly describe how bacterial microbiota modifications could represent novel prognosis markers and/or targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.展开更多
MicroRNAs,a key class of gene expression regulators,have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular proliferation and differentiation,development and apoptosis.In addition,microRNAs ar...MicroRNAs,a key class of gene expression regulators,have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular proliferation and differentiation,development and apoptosis.In addition,microRNAs are coming to light as crucial regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses,and their abnormal expression and/or function in the immune system have been linked to multiple human diseases including inflammatory disorders,such as inflammatory bowel disease,and cancers.In this review,we discuss our current understanding of microRNAs with a focus on their role and mode of action in regulating the immune system during inflammation and carcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM: To provide further insight into the characterization of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from the colonic mucosa of cancer patients.
基金Supported by Inserm and Universitéd’Auvergne(UMR 1071)INRA(USC-2018)+1 种基金grants from“Conseil regional d’Auvergne”“Nuovo Soldati Foundation for Cancer Research”and“Fondation pour la recherche médicale”
文摘The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome caused by environmental changes(e.g., infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Colorectal cancer is a complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells and a large amount of micro-organisms, and the involvement of the microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Indeed, many changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting a major role of dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis. Some bacterial species have been identified and suspected to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, such as Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium septicum, Fusobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli. The potential pro-carcinogenic effects of these bacteria are now better understood. In this review, we discuss the possible links between the bacterial microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis, focusing on dysbiosis and the potential pro-carcinogenic properties of bacteria, such as genotoxicity and other virulence factors, inflammation, host defenses modulation, bacterial derived metabolism, oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defenses modulation. We lastly describe how bacterial microbiota modifications could represent novel prognosis markers and/or targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
基金Supported by The Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie(JE2526,France),Inserm and University of Auvergne (UMR1071),INRA(USC-2018)Grants from the Association Fran ois Aupetit(AFA to Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud),and the European Union FP7 People Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship(IIF to Hang Nguyen)
文摘MicroRNAs,a key class of gene expression regulators,have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular proliferation and differentiation,development and apoptosis.In addition,microRNAs are coming to light as crucial regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses,and their abnormal expression and/or function in the immune system have been linked to multiple human diseases including inflammatory disorders,such as inflammatory bowel disease,and cancers.In this review,we discuss our current understanding of microRNAs with a focus on their role and mode of action in regulating the immune system during inflammation and carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche,Inserm and Universitéd’Auvergne(UMR1071),INRA(USC-2018)Grants from the Association F.Aupetit(AFA)and Ligue contre le cancer
文摘AIM: To provide further insight into the characterization of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from the colonic mucosa of cancer patients.
