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中国实习劳工 被引量:3
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作者 陈慧玲 《中国乡村研究》 CSSCI 2018年第1期78-97,共20页
学生实习已经成为中国职业教育发展的重要组成部分。本文旨在探讨实习生面对的特殊雇佣关系,了解他们的工作处境,就是在劳动过程中占据了一个介于学生和工人之间的模糊位置。目前企业一般自行招募实习生,或通过地方政府和私人的中介机... 学生实习已经成为中国职业教育发展的重要组成部分。本文旨在探讨实习生面对的特殊雇佣关系,了解他们的工作处境,就是在劳动过程中占据了一个介于学生和工人之间的模糊位置。目前企业一般自行招募实习生,或通过地方政府和私人的中介机构进行大规模动员。校企合作之下,老师的介入加强了实习过程中对学生的劳动控制。当这些实习生被要求和其他工人一样工作时,他们的薪酬和福利待遇却往往低于一般工人,甚至是无酬的。近年来,以实习之名而使用童工为实的事件曝光以后,政府官员和公司主管被迫采用了一些应对措施。然而,在快速发展的'实习经济'中,要实现实习劳工的基本教育和劳动权利仍是困难重重。 展开更多
关键词 实习劳工 学生工 实习 职业技术学校 中介 国家政府 中国
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Outcomes of central hepatectomy versus extended hepatectomy
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作者 jenny chan Luke Bradshaw +9 位作者 Nezor Houli Laurence Weinberg Marcos V Perini Michael Fink Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Graham Starkey Robert Jones Bao Zhong Wang Christopher Christophi Mehrdad Nikfarjam 《Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第3期249-254,共6页
Background: Central hepatectomy(CH) is more difficult than extended hepatectomy(EH) and is associated with greater morbidity. In this modern era of liver management with aims to prevent posthepatectomy liver failure(P... Background: Central hepatectomy(CH) is more difficult than extended hepatectomy(EH) and is associated with greater morbidity. In this modern era of liver management with aims to prevent posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF), there is a need to assess outcomes of CH as a parenchyma-sparing procedure for centrally located liver tumors. Methods: A total of 178 major liver resections performed by specialist surgeons from two Australian tertiary institutions between June 2009 and March 2017 were reviewed. Eleven patients had CH and 24 had EH over this study period. Indications and perioperative outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: The main indication for performing CH was colorectal liver metastases. There was no perioperative mortality in the CH group and four(16.7%) in the EH group( P = 0.285). No group differences were found in median operative time [CH vs. EH: 450 min(290–840) vs. 523 min(310–860), P = 0.328], intraoperative blood loss [850 mL(40 0–150 0) vs. 650 mL(10 0–20 0 0), P = 0.746] or patients requiring intraoperative blood transfusion [1(9.1%) vs. 7(30.4%), P = 0.227]. There was a trend towards fewer hepatectomyspecific complications in the CH group [3(27.3%) vs. 13(54.2%), P = 0.167], including PHLF(CH vs. EH: 0 vs. 29.2%, P = 0.072). Median length of stay was similar between groups [CH vs. EH: 9 days(5–23) vs. 12 days(4–85), P = 0.244]. Conclusions: CH has equivalent postoperative outcomes to EH. There is a trend towards fewer hepatectomy-specific complications, including PHLF. In appropriate patients, CH may be considered as a safe parenchyma-sparing alternative to EH. 展开更多
关键词 CENTRAL HEPATECTOMY Mesohepatectomy CENTRAL bisectionectomy CENTRAL bisegmentectomy EXTENDED HEPATECTOMY
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