Human hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a member of the family Hepadnaviridae, and causes acute and chronic infections of the liver. The hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) contains the large(L), middle(M), and small(S) surfa...Human hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a member of the family Hepadnaviridae, and causes acute and chronic infections of the liver. The hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) contains the large(L), middle(M), and small(S) surface proteins. The L protein consists of the S protein, pre S1, and pre S2. In HBs Ag, the pre S domain(pre S1 + pre S2) plays a key role in the infection of hepatocytic cells by HBV and has several immunogenic epitopes. Based on these characteristics of pre S, several pre S-based diagnostic and therapeutic materials and systems have been developed. Pre S1-specific monoclonal antibodies(e.g., MA18/7 and KR127) can be used to inhibit HBV infection. A myristoylated pre S1 peptide(amino acids 2-48) also inhibits the attachment of HBV to Hepa RG cells, primary human hepatocytes, and primary tupaia hepatocytes. Antibodies and antigens related to the components of HBs Ag, pre S(pre S1 + pre S2), or pre S1 can be available as diagnostic markers of acute and chronic HBV infections. Hepatocyte-targeting delivery systems for therapeutic molecules(drugs, genes, or proteins) are very important for increasing the clinical efficacy of these molecules and in reducing their adverse effects on other organs. The selective delivery of diagnosticmolecules to target hepatocytic cells can also improve the efficiency of diagnosis. In addition to the full-length HBV vector, pre S(pre S1 + pre S2), pre S1, and pre S1-derived fragments can be useful in hepatocyte-specific targeting. In this review, we discuss the literature concerning the applications of the HBV pre S domain in bio- and nanotechnology.展开更多
基金Supported by Health Labour Sciences Research Grant(Research on Publicly Essential Drugs and Medical Devices)from the Ministry of Health,LabourWelfare of Japan,a Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology(SCF funding program"Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation"),a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research,No.24300172for Young-Scientists,No.25750176 from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan,and the Fukuoka Foundation for Sound Health Cancer Research Fund
文摘Human hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a member of the family Hepadnaviridae, and causes acute and chronic infections of the liver. The hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) contains the large(L), middle(M), and small(S) surface proteins. The L protein consists of the S protein, pre S1, and pre S2. In HBs Ag, the pre S domain(pre S1 + pre S2) plays a key role in the infection of hepatocytic cells by HBV and has several immunogenic epitopes. Based on these characteristics of pre S, several pre S-based diagnostic and therapeutic materials and systems have been developed. Pre S1-specific monoclonal antibodies(e.g., MA18/7 and KR127) can be used to inhibit HBV infection. A myristoylated pre S1 peptide(amino acids 2-48) also inhibits the attachment of HBV to Hepa RG cells, primary human hepatocytes, and primary tupaia hepatocytes. Antibodies and antigens related to the components of HBs Ag, pre S(pre S1 + pre S2), or pre S1 can be available as diagnostic markers of acute and chronic HBV infections. Hepatocyte-targeting delivery systems for therapeutic molecules(drugs, genes, or proteins) are very important for increasing the clinical efficacy of these molecules and in reducing their adverse effects on other organs. The selective delivery of diagnosticmolecules to target hepatocytic cells can also improve the efficiency of diagnosis. In addition to the full-length HBV vector, pre S(pre S1 + pre S2), pre S1, and pre S1-derived fragments can be useful in hepatocyte-specific targeting. In this review, we discuss the literature concerning the applications of the HBV pre S domain in bio- and nanotechnology.
