Scientists have proved many times that tumor is a metabolic disease.Under the condition of sufficient oxygen,malignant tumor cells undergo glycolysis,consume a large amount of glucose,and produce more lactic acid,acco...Scientists have proved many times that tumor is a metabolic disease.Under the condition of sufficient oxygen,malignant tumor cells undergo glycolysis,consume a large amount of glucose,and produce more lactic acid,accompanied by a lower rate of oxidative phosphorylation.Extensive aerobic glycolysis consumes oxygen,produces excess lactic acid,and forms a hypoxic acidic tumor microenvironment.At present,there is no definite evidence to confirm which cells are using glucose,and whether the immunosuppression is caused by the difference in the ability of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells to grab glucose,or by changes in the energy metabolism of the cells themselves.A recent study published in Nature,subtly demonstrates that immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are not unable to compete with tumor cells,but through internal"metabolic reprogramming"to achieve a better use of glucose.This research shows that immune cells have a sweet tooth.In-terestingly,it has long been seen in traditional Chinese medicine.In traditional Chinese medicine,sweetness is one of the five flavors.Sweet-taste medicine has been used to support healthy-qi,improve the patient’s state of low immunity and fight against tumors.The relationship between sweetness,immunity,tumor and tumor microenvironment is an interesting subject worthy of further study.It may lead to the development of new anti-tumor therapies or drugs.展开更多
Adhesion has been demonstrated to play an important role in contact and friction between objects at small scales. While various models have been established for adhesive contact under normal forces, studies on the adh...Adhesion has been demonstrated to play an important role in contact and friction between objects at small scales. While various models have been established for adhesive contact under normal forces, studies on the adhesive contact under tangential force have been far fewer, which if any, are mostly confined to the non-slipping situations. In the present work, a model has been proposed for adhesive contact with local sliding under tangential forces. Herein, the onset of local sliding in adhesive contact has been addressed by assuming the nucleation of dislocations. By analogy with the emission of dislocations at a crack tip, the critical tangential force for the onset of sliding has been determined, and its effect on the evolution of contact size has also been studied. Comparison with relevant experiments has verified the validity of the present model.展开更多
文摘Scientists have proved many times that tumor is a metabolic disease.Under the condition of sufficient oxygen,malignant tumor cells undergo glycolysis,consume a large amount of glucose,and produce more lactic acid,accompanied by a lower rate of oxidative phosphorylation.Extensive aerobic glycolysis consumes oxygen,produces excess lactic acid,and forms a hypoxic acidic tumor microenvironment.At present,there is no definite evidence to confirm which cells are using glucose,and whether the immunosuppression is caused by the difference in the ability of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells to grab glucose,or by changes in the energy metabolism of the cells themselves.A recent study published in Nature,subtly demonstrates that immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are not unable to compete with tumor cells,but through internal"metabolic reprogramming"to achieve a better use of glucose.This research shows that immune cells have a sweet tooth.In-terestingly,it has long been seen in traditional Chinese medicine.In traditional Chinese medicine,sweetness is one of the five flavors.Sweet-taste medicine has been used to support healthy-qi,improve the patient’s state of low immunity and fight against tumors.The relationship between sweetness,immunity,tumor and tumor microenvironment is an interesting subject worthy of further study.It may lead to the development of new anti-tumor therapies or drugs.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (No.2012CB937500)Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11572216)
文摘Adhesion has been demonstrated to play an important role in contact and friction between objects at small scales. While various models have been established for adhesive contact under normal forces, studies on the adhesive contact under tangential force have been far fewer, which if any, are mostly confined to the non-slipping situations. In the present work, a model has been proposed for adhesive contact with local sliding under tangential forces. Herein, the onset of local sliding in adhesive contact has been addressed by assuming the nucleation of dislocations. By analogy with the emission of dislocations at a crack tip, the critical tangential force for the onset of sliding has been determined, and its effect on the evolution of contact size has also been studied. Comparison with relevant experiments has verified the validity of the present model.
