Coastal blue carbon ecosystems in China

1.What are blue carbon ecosystems?Coastal blue carbon ecosystems(BCEs)consists of salt marshes,mangroves,and seagrass bed.Its function as carbon(C)sink is an important pathway to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration and mitigate global change.Coastal wetlands have a great carbon sequestration capacity.

Quantitative deformation measurements and analysis of the ferrite-austenite banded structure in a 2205 duplex stainless steel at 250 ℃

The deformation process of the microstructure in 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS)under thermo-mechanical coupling at 250℃was investigated using digital image correlation(DIC).A thermal tension test of duplex stainless steel(2205DSS)with a banded structure was carded out to observe the initial deformation of the microstructure.It was found that inhomogeneous strain fields occurred primarily in austenite.The maximum normal strain in austenite was almost pos-itive,while that in ferrite was almost negative.In addition,a thermal cyclic-loading test was conducted,and the strain field was characterized by e11.Strain heterogeneities were induced after 400 cycles,which spread within the austenite and at the phase boundaries with the load increasing.The high tensile-strain regions were always located adjacent to regions of intense compressive strain.Based on the strain matrix sum vs.cycle number,we found that hardening occurred in the early cycles followed by softening.

Effects of Al and Ni doping on oxidation and corrosion resistance of electrophoretic deposited YSZ coatings

Yttria-stablized zirconia(YSZ)/(Ni,Al)coatings were deposited on Inconel600alloy substrate by the electrophoreticdeposition combined with vacuum sintering technique.The effects of isothermal oxidation at1100°C on the composition of thecoatings and the crack healing were investigated,and the corrosion resistance of the coatings in3.5%NaCl(mass fraction)solutionwas also studied.The results showed that the cracks on the coating gradually healed up with the increase of the isothermal oxidationtime.During isothermal oxidation process,the coating composed of Ni3Al was transformed toα-Al2O3particulates.Theα-Al2O3particulates can seal the defects such as pores and cracks,and meanwhile prevent the oxygen diffusion into the coatings.Thepolarization curves and EIS results indicated that the coatings oxidized for40h had a more positive corrosion potential,higherbreakdown potential,higher impedance module at low frequency and much lower corrosion current density compared with YSZcoated and uncoated Inconel600alloys.

A new ginsengenin containing an oxacyclopentane-ring isolated from the acid hydrolysate of total ginsenosides

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the acid hydrolysate of total ginsenosides of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer （Araliaceae） led to the isolation of a novel ginsengenin（1）.The structure of 1 was determined as （20S,22S）-dammar-22,25-epoxy-3β,12β,20-triol by extensive spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.The cytotoxicity of 1 was further tested against SWl 116,HCTl 16,and A549 cells by the MTT method,with IC50 values in the range of 2.96-30.9μmol/L.