Integer multiple quantum image scaling based on NEQR and bicubic interpolation

As a branch of quantum image processing,quantum image scaling has been widely studied.However,most of the existing quantum image scaling algorithms are based on nearest-neighbor interpolation and bilinear interpolation,the quantum version of bicubic interpolation has not yet been studied.In this work,we present the first quantum image scaling scheme for bicubic interpolation based on the novel enhanced quantum representation(NEQR).Our scheme can realize synchronous enlargement and reduction of the image with the size of 2^(n)×2^(n) by integral multiple.Firstly,the image is represented by NEQR and the original image coordinates are obtained through multiple CNOT modules.Then,16 neighborhood pixels are obtained by quantum operation circuits,and the corresponding weights of these pixels are calculated by quantum arithmetic modules.Finally,a quantum matrix operation,instead of a classical convolution operation,is used to realize the sum of convolution of these pixels.Through simulation experiments and complexity analysis,we demonstrate that our scheme achieves exponential speedup over the classical bicubic interpolation algorithm,and has better effect than the quantum version of bilinear interpolation.

Narrative medicine principles and organ donation communications

Dawei was in intensive care unit on a ventilator.He was declared brain death after a traffic accident.At visiting time,his younger brother Dayong told me their final decision to give up the subsequent treatment.“We don’t have enough money and medical insurance,we can’t afford further treatment”,he said.

新形势下青海省实验动物科技的发展

实验动物作为生命科学研究、医药发展不可替代的基础支撑条件及战略性生物资源,其重要性日益显现。文章在梳理新形势下实验动物科技发展的基础上,分析、阐述了青海省实验动物发展现状及学科建设存在的问题,并提出了发展对策。

Aerophilic Triphase Interface Tuned by Carbon Dots Driving Durable and Flexible Rechargeable Zn‑Air Batteries

Efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are vital for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an oxygen-respirable sponge-like Co@C–O–Cs catalyst with oxygen-rich active sites was designed and constructed for both ORR and OER by a facile carbon dot-assisted strategy.The aerophilic triphase interface of Co@C–O–Cs cathode efficiently boosts oxygen diffusion and transfer.The theoretical calculations and experimental studies revealed that the Co–C–COC active sites can redistribute the local charge density and lower the reaction energy barrier.The Co@C–O–Cs catalyst displays superior bifunctional catalytic activities with a half-wave potential of 0.82 V for ORR and an ultralow overpotential of 294 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER.Moreover,it can drive the liquid ZABs with high peak power density(106.4 mW cm^(−2)),specific capacity(720.7 mAh g^(−1)),outstanding long-term cycle stability(over 750 cycles at 10 mA cm^(−2)),and exhibits excellent feasibility in flexible all-solid-state ZABs.These findings provide new insights into the rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable metal-air batteries.

Marine Boundary Layer Heights in the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Derived from COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Data

Using the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and radio occultation(RO) refractivity data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate-2(COSMIC-2) mission from January 2020 to December 2021, the spatial and temporal variability of Marine Boundary Layer Heights(MBLHs) over the tropical and subtropical oceans are investigated. The MBLH detection method is based on the wavelet covariance transform(WCT)algorithm, while the distinctness(DT) parameter, which reflects the significance of the maximum WCT function values, is introduced. For the refractivity profiles with indistinct maximum WCT function values, the available surrounding ROderived MBLHs are used as auxiliary information, which helps to improve the objectiveness of the inversion process. The RO-derived MBLHs are validated with the MBLHs derived from the collocated high-vertical-resolution radiosonde observations, and the seasonal distributions of the RO-derived MBLHs are presented. Further comparisons of the magnitudes and the distributions of the RO-derived MBLHs with those derived from two model datasets, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analyses and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) Aviation(AVN) 12-hour forecast data, reveal that although high correlations exist between the RO-derived and the model-derived MBLHs, the model-derived ones are generally lower than the RO-derived ones in most parts of the tropics and sub-tropic ocean areas during different seasons, which should be partially attributed to the limited vertical resolutions of the model datasets. The correlation analyses between the MBLHs and near-surface wind speeds demonstrate that over the Pacific Ocean, near-surface wind speed is an important factor that influences the variations of the MBLHs.

Skyrmion-based logic gates controlled by electric currents in synthetic antiferromagnet

Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promising building blocks for the next generation of magnetic storage and computing devices with ultra-low energy and ultra-high density.Here, we theoretically investigate the motion of a skyrmion in an SAF bilayer racetrack and find the velocity of a skyrmion can be controlled jointly by the edge effect and the driving force induced by the spin current. Furthermore, we propose a logic gate that can realize different logic functions of logic AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. Several effects including the spin–orbit torque, the skyrmion Hall effect, skyrmion–skyrmion repulsion, and skyrmion–edge interaction are considered in this design. Our work may provide a way to utilize the SAF skyrmion as a versatile information carrier for future energy-efficient logic gates.

Manipulating Skyrmion Motion on a Nanotrack with Varied Material Parameters and Tilted Spin Currents

Magnetic skyrmions are topological quasiparticles with nanoscale size and high mobility,which have potential applications in information storage and spintronic devices.The manipulation of skyrmion’s dynamics in the track is an important topic due to the skyrmion Hall effect,which can deviate the skyrmions from the preferred direction.We propose a new model based on the ferromagnetic skyrmion,where the skyrmion velocity can be well controlled by adjusting the direction of the current.Using this design,we can avoid the annihilation of the skyrmion induced by the skyrmion Hall effect,which is confirmed by our micromagnetic simulation based on Mumax^(3).In the meantime,we increase the average velocity of the skyrmion by varying the intrinsic material parameters in the track,where the simulations agree well with our analytical results based on the Thiele equation.Finally,we give a phase diagram of the output of the skyrmion in the T-type track,which provides some practical ways for design of logic gates by manipulating crystalline anisotropy through the electrical control.

An efficient approach for the treatment of radioactive waste perfluoropolyether lubricants via a synergistic effect of thermal catalysis and immobilization

Perfluoropolyether(PFPE)lubricants are a kind of high-molecular polymer with many excellent properties.However,the use of PFPEs in the nuclear industry can lead to partial decomposition and carrying radionuclides,resulting in a large amount of radioactive waste PFPE lubricants annually.Moreover,radioactive waste PFPE lubricants are difficult to be effectively treated due to their high stability,the risk of possible leakage of radionuclides,and hypertoxic fluorine-containing by-products.In this study,without any precedent,a strategy of Mn O_(2)-catalyzed decomposition and Na_(2)CO_(3)-immobilized conversion was proposed for PFPE lubricant decomposition and fluorine immobilization simultaneously based on the Lewis acid-base and oxygen vacancies concept.A high fluorine conversion efficiency of 95.4%was achieved.Meanwhile,the mechanism of decomposition suggested that Mn O_(2)mainly provided Lewis acid sites and attacked the(basic)fluorine or oxygen atoms in PFPE molecules.The decomposition of PFPE chains was proceed down and volatile fluorine-containing gas was released by partial electron transfer,intramolecular disproportionation reaction,and unzipping fashion.Subsequently,gas by-products could be further oxidized and then immobilized into fluoride salts by carbonate solid absorbents.Overall,this study provides a simple,safe,and potentially practical strategy for the harmless conversion of refractory fluorinated organic wastes,especially perfluoropolymers.

Inhibition of angiogenesis and HCT-116 xenograft tumor growth in mice by kallistatin

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of kallistatin (KAL) on angiogenesis and HCT-116 xenograft tumor growth. METHODS: Heterotopic tumors were induced by subcutaneous injection of 2 × 106 HCT-11 cells in mice. Seven days later, 2 × 1011 rAAV-GFP or rAAV-KAL was injected intratumorally (n = 5 for each group). The mice were sacrificed at d 28, by which time the tumors in the rAAV-GFP group had grown to beyond 5% of the total body weight. Tumor growth was measured by calipers in two dimensions. Tumor angiogenesis was determined with tumor microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistology. Tumor cell proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 staining. RESULTS: Intratumor injection of rAAV-KAL inhibited tumor growth in the treatment group by 78% (171 ± 52 mm3) at d 21 after virus infection compared to the control group (776 ± 241 mm3). Microvessel density was significantly inhibited in tumor tissues treated with rAAV-KAL. rAAV-KAL also decreased the proportion of proliferating cells (Ki-67 positive cells) in tumors compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: rAAV-mediated expression of KAL inhibits the growth of colon cancer by reducing angiogenesis and proliferation of tumor cells, and may provide a promising anti-angiogenesis-based approach to the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

最小双氢转移异构体系的精确量子动力学研究

本文对亚乙烯基-乙炔异构化过程开展了高精度量子动力学理论研究.使用我们建立和发展的高效量子动力学理论方法,进行了大规模的并行计算,其中根据双氢转移的特征定制了高效的基函数.计算得到了关于A_(1)'和B_(2)''对称性的亚乙烯基振动态以及离域态,并与最近的cryo-SEVI实验光谱进行了比对和分析.计算所得能级与cryo-SEVI光谱实验值吻合很好,两者之间的差异或者与实验测量的误差大小类似,或者不大于30 cm^(-1)(与亚乙烯基剪形振动模式相关的振动态除外).本文还揭示和报道了一种特殊的态,称之为异构态,其特征是在亚乙烯基和乙炔区域都有很大的几率分布.本文首次报道了若干以亚乙烯基特征为主导的振动态,本文的研究将会有助于深入认识双氢转移过程.

Soil microbial activity and nutrients of evergreen broad-leaf forests in mid-subtropical region of China

To better understand the effects of forest succession on soil microbial activity, a comparison of soil microbial properties and nutrients was conducted between three forest types representing a natural forest succession chronosequence. The study compared a pine(Pinus massoniana) forest(P_F), a pine and broadleaf mixed forest(M_F) and an evergreen broadleaf forest(B_F), in the Yingzuijie Biosphere Reserve, Hunan Province, China.Results showed that soil nutrients in the M_Fand BFplots were higher than in the P_Fplots. The range in microbial biomass carbon followed a similar pattern with B_Fhaving the greatest values, 522–1022 mg kg^-1, followed by M_F368–569 mg kg^-1, and finally, P_F193–449 mg kg^-1. Soil nutrients were more strongly correlated with microbial biomass carbon than basal respiration or metabolic quotient. Overall, forest succession in the study site improved soil microbial properties and soil fertility, which in turn can increase primary productivity and carbon sequestration.

Shape ratio effects on the mechanical characteristics of rectangular prism rocks and isolated pillars under uniaxial compression

Isolated pillars in underground mines are subjected to uniaxial stress,and the load bearing cross-section of pillars is commonly rectangularly shaped.In addition,the uniaxial compression test(UCT)is widely used for determining the basic mechanical properties of rocks and revealing the mechanism of isolated pillar disasters under unidimensional stress.The shape effects of rock mechanical properties under uniaxial compression are mainly quantitatively reflected in the specific shape ratios of rocks.Therefore,it is necessary to study the detailed shape ratio effects on the mechanical properties of rectangular prism rock specimens and isolated pillars under uniaxial compressive stress.In this study,granite,marble and sandstone rectangular prism specimens with various height to width ratios(r)and width to thickness ratios(u)were prepared and tested.The study results show that r and u have a great influence on the bearing ability of rocks,and thin or high rocks have lower uniaxial compressive strength.Reducing the level of r can enhance the u effect on the strength of rocks,and increasing the level of u can enhance the r effect on the strength of rocks.The lateral strain on the thickness side of the rock specimen is larger than that on the width side,which implies that crack growth occurs easily on the thickness side.Considering r and u,a novel strength prediction model of isolated pillars was proposed based on the testing results,and the prediction model was used for the safety assessment of 179 isolated pillars in the Xianglu Mountain Tungsten Mine.

The correlation between rat retinal nerve fiber layer thickness around optic disc by using optical coherence tomography and histological measurements

AIM:To explore the correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness by using optical coherence tomography(OCT) and by histological measurements in normal adult rats and optic nerve transected rats.·METHODS:The RNFL thickness of 36 rats was scanned in a circle 3.46mm far from the optic disc by OCT.The two experimental groups were the normal group(n =20 rats) and the optic nerve transected group(n =16 rats).The latter group included 4 groups(n =4 /group)surviving for 1 day,3,5 and 7 days.Then the RNFL thickness of the same retina area was also measured by NF-200 immunohistochemical staining method.Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the data obtained from these two methods.·RESULTS:The RNFL thickness of normal right eyes around optic disc by OCT was 72.35 ±5.71μm and that ofthe left eyes was 72.65 ±5.88μm(P =0.074).The RNFL thickness of the corresponding histological section by immunohistochemistry was 37.54 ±4.05μm(right eyes)and 37.38 ±4.23μm(left eyes)(P =0.059).There was a good correlation between the RNFL thickness measured by OCT and that measured by histology(R2=0.8131).After optic nerve transection,the trend of the RNFL thickness was thinner with the prolonged survival time.The correlation of the thickness detected by the above two methods was approximately(R2=0.8265).Value of the RNFL thickness in rats around optic disc measured by OCT was obviously higher than that measured by common histological measurement in normal adult rats and optic nerve transected rats.·CONCLUSION:The RNFL thickness measured by OCT has a strong correlation with that measured by histological method.Through OCT scanning,we found that the thickness of RNFL gradually becomes thinner in a time-dependent manner.

Regulatory effects of inhibiting the activation of glial cells on retinal synaptic plasticity

Various retinal injuries induced by ocular hypertension have been shown to induce plastic changes in retinal synapses,but the potential regulatory mechanism of synaptic plasticity after retinal injury was still unclear.A rat model of acute ocular hypertension was established by injecting saline intravitreally for an hour,and elevating the intraocular pressure to 14.63 kPa(110 mmHg).Western blot assay and immunofluorescence results showed that synaptophysin expression had a distinct spatiotemporal change that increased in the inner plexiform layer within 1 day and spread across the outer plexiform layer after 3 days.Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in retinae was greatly increased after 3 days,and reached a peak at 7 days,which was also consistent with the peak time of synaptophysin expression in the outer plexiform layer following the increased intraocular pressure.Fluorocitrate,a glial metabolic inhibitor,was intravitreally injected to inhibit glial cell activation following high intraocular pressure.This significantly inhibited the enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression induced by high intraocular pressure injury.Synaptophysin expression also decreased in the inner plexiform layer within a day and the widened distribution in the outer plexiform layer had disappeared by 3 days.The results suggested that retinal glial cell activation might play an important role in the process of retinal synaptic plasticity induced by acute high intraocular pressure through affecting the expression and distribution of synaptic functional proteins,such as synaptophysin.

Spatiotemporal alterations of presynaptic elements in the retina after high intraocular pressure

A rat model of acute high intraocular pressure was established by injecting saline into the anterior chamber of the left eye.Synaptophysin expression was increased in the inner plexiform layer at 2 hours following injury,and was widely distributed in the outer plexiform layer at 3-7 days,and then decreased to the normal level at 14 days.This suggests that expression of this presynaptic functional protein experienced spatiotemporal alterations after elevation of intraocular pressure.There was no significant change in the fluorescence intensity and distribution pattern for synapse-associated protein 102 following elevated intraocular pressure.Synapse-associated protein 102 immunoreactivity was confined to the outer plexiform layer,while synaptophysin immunoreactivity spread into the outer plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer at 3 and 7 days following injury.These alterations in presynaptic elements were not accompanied by changes in postsynaptic components.

The cost of obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) in China: a multi- center cross- sectional survey based on hospitals

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in China.Methods The research team interviewed 639 patients with OCD in 13 hospitals in 12 cities in China.The direct method was used to get the direct cost of OCD.Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach.Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost.Sensitivity analysis was used to analyse the uncertainty of total cost.Results The mean quality of life score for OCD was 52.78(20.46).The annual total cost of OCD per capita was 24503.78(95%CI:22621.53 to 26386.03)renminbi(RMB)(US$3465.88(95%CI:US$3199.65 to US$3732.11)).The annual cost of OCD in China was estimated to be 37.74 billion(95%CI:34.95 billion to 40.53 billion)RMB(equal to US$5.34 billion(95%CI:US$4.94 billion to US$5.73 billion)).Sensitivity analysis showed that the total annual cost of OCD in China was between 23.15 billion RMB(US$3.27 billion)and 370.00 billion RMB(US$52.33 billion).Worse social function status,more psychiatric symptoms and higher Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)score were associated with worse quality of life.The numbers of clinic visits and hospitalisations,socioeconomic status,education,Y-BOCS scores and age were found to be significantly associated with total cost.Conclusions OCD is associated with low quality of life and high costs in China.The findings call for concerted efforts to improve services for patients with OCD.Improvements may include early detection and diagnosis,the provision of evidence-based treatments and relapse prevention strategies.

Comparative Study of Carbon Storage and Allocation Characteristics of Mature Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest

Evergreen broad-leaved forest is an important forest type in China.This paper analyzes the allocation characteristics of vegetation and soil carbon pool of evergreen broad-leaved forest,to understand the current status of research on the carbon storage of evergreen broadleaved forest as well as shortcomings.In the context of global climate change,it is necessary to carry out the long-term research of evergreen broad-leaved forest,in order to grasp the formation mechanism of evergreen broad-leaved forest productivity,and the impact of climate change on the carbon sequestration function of evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem.

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Global Stratospheric GravityWaves and Their Activity during Sudden StratosphericWarming Revealed by COSMIC Measurements

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of global stratospheric gravity waves(GWs) and the characteristics of GW activity during sudden stratospheric warming(SSW) using the GPS radio occultation measurements from the COSMIC mission during September 2006 to May 2013. Corresponding to the COSMIC RO observational window and analysis method,GW potential energy(Ep) with vertical scales no shorter than ～2 km is resolved. It is found that the distributions of GW Ep over 20-30 km and 30-38 km show similar spatial and seasonal variations. The variations of GW Ep with altitude and latitude along the westerly wind are identified in different seasons over 60°-80°W. In the middle and high latitudes,seasonal cycles are distinct in the time-latitude and time-altitude distributions of GW activities,which show larger Ep in winters when westerly wind dominates and smaller Ep in summers when easterly wind dominates. The influence of quasi-biennial oscillation on GW activity is recognized in the tropics. GW Ep enhances closely following the occurrence of minor SSW events; while during major events, GW Ep may not enhance, and sometimes may even weaken,in the regions where reversals of zonal wind occur, probably caused by the filtering impact of the 0 ms^(-1) wind level on the GWs.

BACE1 in the retina:a sensitive biomarker for monitoring early pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease

Because of a lack of sensitive biomarkers,the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease(AD) cannot be made prior to symptom manifestation.Therefore,it is crucial to identify novel biomarkers for the presymptomatic diagnosis of AD.While brain lesions are a major feature of AD,retinal pathological changes also occur in patients.In this study,we investigated the temporal changes in β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1) expression in the retina and brain to determine whether it could serve as a suitable biomarker for early monitoring of AD.APP/PS-1 transgenic mice,3,6 and 8 months of age,were used as an experimental group,and age-matched C57/BL6 wild-type mice served as the control group.In the Morris water maze test,there were no significant differences in escape latency or in the number of crossings in the target area among mice of different ages.Compared with wild-type mice,no changes in learning or memory abilities were detected in transgenic mice at 3 months of age.However,compared with wild-type mice,the escape latency was significantly increased in transgenic mice at 6 months,starting on day 3,and at 8 months,starting on day 2,during Morris water maze training.In addition,the number of crossings of the target area was significantly decreased in transgenic mice.The learning and memory abilities of transgenic mice were further worsened at 8 months of age.Immunohistochemical staining revealed no BACE1 plaques in wild-type mice at 3,6 or 8 months or in transgenic mice at 3 months,but they were clearly found in the entorhinal cortex,hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of transgenic mice at 6 and 8 months.BACE1 expression was not detected in the retina of wild-type mice at 3 months,but weak BACE1 expression was detected in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer at 6 and 8 months.In transgenic mice,BACE1 expression in the ganglion cell layer was increased at 3 months,and BACE1 expression in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer was significantly increased at 6 and 8 months,compared with age-matched wild-type mice.Taken together,these results indicate that changes in BACE1 expression appear earlier in the retina than in the brain and precede behavioral deficits.Our findings suggest that abnormal expression of BACE1 in the retina is an early pathological change in APP/PS-1 transgenic mice,and that BACE1 might have potential as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD in humans.

Effects of MⅡ stage oocytes zona pellucida birefringence on pregnancy outcome

Objective:To explore the effects of different MⅡstage oocytes zona pellucida birefringence on pregnancy outcome.Methods:A total of 46 couples with infertile which induced by single cause received in-vitro fertilization treatment were analyzed retrospectively,and randomly divided into the high zona birefringence(HZB)/HZB group.HZB/low zona birefringeuce(LZB) group and LZB/LZB group according to different oocytes zona pellucida birefringence.Intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome was analyzed and compared.Results:The proportion of HZB oocytes, implantation rate and the pregnancy rate were decreased in three groups(HZB/HZB group】HZB/ LZB group】LZB/LZB group)(P【0.05).But there was no significantly different between the number of oocytes and fertilization rate of these groups(P】0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that factors allecl MⅡstage oocytes zona pellucida birefringence were age.basal FSH level and the LH level on the day of HCG injection.Age and KSH levels were negatively correlated with the single oocyte zona pellucida birefringence:While the LH level on the day of hCC injection was positively correlated with the single oocylc zona pellucida birefringence.Conclusions:The primary influence factors on MⅡstage oocytes zona pellucida are age.basal FSH level and the LH level on the day of hCG injection.The birefringence value of zona pellucida can affect the pregnancy outcome.