Correction to:Molecular characterization and functional analysis of daf-8 in the pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Correction to:J.For.Res.(2022)33:689–698 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-021-01335-7 In the Original Publication,the text“Acknowledgements sdfkjds”has been inadvertently appeared in the paper.The Original article has been corrected.

Pt_(x)Cu_(y)/C电催化剂甲醇氧化反应性能及机理研究

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)是一种将甲醇燃料的化学能直接转化为电能的能量转换装置,具有能量转化效率高、环境友好、燃料来源丰富等优势,在移动电源等领域具有广泛应用前景,但阳极铂基电催化剂的性能及成本制约着DMFC的发展。本论文通过简单的液相浸渍还原法,制备了系列PtCu/C纳米电催化剂,电化学性能测试结果表明,电催化剂对甲醇氧化反应(MOR)活性顺序为商品Pt/C<Pt_(3)Cu/C<PtCu_(4)/C<PtCu/C<PtCu_(3)/C,且活性最高的PtCu_(3)/C电催化剂表现出较为优异的电化学稳定性。结合物相表征、电化学测试及DFT计算,阐释了PtCu_(3)/C催化剂中存在的少量CuO相能够促进水分子解离产生*OH,通过双功能机制促进类CO反应中间物种氧化为CO_(2)。因此,相比于商品Pt/C,虽然PtCu_(3)/C电催化剂的ECSA不足其一半,但质量比活性和面积比活性分别提高1.88倍和3.74倍。

2-氨甲基吡啶衍生物聚合物包合膜选择性回收Cu(Ⅱ)

以不同2-氨甲基吡啶类衍生物(N,N-二(叔丁氧羰基亚甲基)-2-氨甲基吡啶、N,N-二辛基-2-氨甲基吡啶、N-叔氧羰基亚甲基-N-辛基-2-氨甲基吡啶、N,N-二癸基-2-氨甲基吡啶)为载体,制备以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为膜基材的系列聚合物包容膜(PIM);通过优化载体分子结构和塑化剂类型,考察聚合物包容膜的铜离子渗透通量和分离选择性。结果表明:含有长碳链的疏水性吡啶类衍生物有助于提高铜离子传质通量和膜的稳定性。在PVC含量为30%(质量分数),N,N-二癸基-2-氨甲基吡啶为30%(质量分数),塑化剂为40%(质量分数)时,铜离子的渗透通量可达5.8×10^(-6)mol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。FT-IR和XPS分析结果表明,N,N-二癸基-2-氨甲基吡啶上的氨基官能团参与铜离子的配位,SAXS分析证实2-氨甲基吡啶类衍生物的疏水性改性有利于膜中微通道的形成,从而促进铜离子在膜内的传质。

基于磁共振成像乳腺癌远处转移预测模型的研究

目的:建立基于平扫磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)和动态对比增强(dynamic contrast enhanced,DCE)-MRI影像特征参数的乳腺癌远处转移预测模型。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年12月3 032例于天津医科大学肿瘤医院行乳腺MRI检查并经病理证实为乳腺浸润性癌患者的临床资料,根据纳入标准筛选出转移组93例和非转移组186例。分析转移组远处转移部位与分子分型的关系,同时对两组MRI影像特征进行单因素分析及多因素Logistics回归分析,获得独立预测因子并建立预测模型。结果:转移组中Luminal型、HER-2过表达型、三阴性乳腺癌最常见远处转移部位分别为骨、肝脏、肺脏。单因素分析结果显示,两组间的病变类型、是否多发、T1WI和T2WI信号均匀度及病灶最大径进行比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,病变类型、是否多发、T2WI信号均匀度及病灶最大径为独立预测因子。根据独立预测因子建立的预测模型准确率、敏感度、特异度和受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)下面积(area under receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)分别为82.8%、85.7%、75.0%和0.801。结论:基于MRI影像特征的模型对预测乳腺癌远处转移具有潜在价值。

A Risk Score System for Myopia Symptom Warning

Myopia is the leading cause of visual impairments worldwide. Some studies revealed that visual experience in early life affected the final myopia, indicating that environmental factors play an impellent role in the development of myopia. However, risk factors of myopia are still not identified among adolescents in China. A total of 4104 cases of myopia symptom and 3306 emmetropia controls were selected from students in primary and middle schools in Wuhan in 2008. We identified the risk factors associated with myopia symptom by multivariate logistic regression in this cross-sectional study and constructed a risk score system for myopia symptom. The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.735. Furthermore, we followed up 93 students aged 7-9 years for one year and calculated the total points using the score system. We found no significant difference between the final myopia symptom and the results predicted by the total points by pair chi-square test (P>0.05). The score system had a modest ability to estimate the risk factors of myopia symptom. Using this score system, we could identify the students who are at risk of myopia symptom in the future according to their behaviors and environmental factors, and take measures to slow the progress of myopia symptom.

二甲双胍对偏头痛大鼠模型NALP3表达的影响

目的探讨在二甲双胍的干预下硝酸甘油偏头痛大鼠模型中NALP3炎性小体及其上游分子嘌呤离子型受体P2X的第7亚型(P2X7受体)的表达情况。方法将48只SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白组(A)、模型组(B)、二甲双胍干预组(C)及经典氟桂利嗪组(D)。采用Tassorelli法制作慢性偏头痛大鼠模型,观察注射硝酸甘油后大鼠行为学表现,进行行为学评分判断造模是否成功,并观察大鼠在药物干预后的行为学变化,留取造模成功的三叉神经节组织,运用免疫组化检测P2X7受体、Western blot检测NALP3炎性小体表达情况。结果行为学结果显示,经二甲双胍干预后大鼠行为学评分较模型组评分降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫组化及Western blot测定结果显示P2X7受体及NALP3蛋白表达较模型组减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在偏头痛发病机制中P2X7受体及NALP3的表达可能存在正相关;二甲双胍减少P2X7受体及NALP3的表达可能是治疗偏头痛的机制之一。

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of daf-8 in the pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,causal agent of pine wilt disease,causes extensive damage worldwide.Strate-gies are needed to inhibit population growth or block the spread of the invasive nematode to control pine wilt dis-ease.The gene daf-8 plays crucial roles in larval develop-ment and dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans,but little is known about its orthologue in B.xylophilus.In the present molecular characterization and functional analysis of daf-8 in B.xylophilus(Bx-daf-8),RT-qPCR showed that the expression of Bx-daf-8 gradually increased during the embryonic stage,peaked in the second-stage juvenile(J2),then dramatically dropped in the J3,and remained at that low level for the rest of its life.Bx-daf-8-transgenic C.elegans was employed to mimic the spatiotemporal expression of Bx-daf-8,which was expressed close to the pharynx during early embryogenesis and weakly throughout the whole body during late embryogenesis.It was observed in head neurons and tail ganglions throughout all postembryonic stages.B.xylophilus embryos were severely abnormal,and hatching rate decreased sharply after Bx-daf-8 knockdown.daf-16-1 and da-f16-2,downstream genes in the IIS pathway,also dropped sharply after Bx-daf-8 knockdown.We propose that TGFβmay crosstalk with the IIS pathway upstream of Bx-daf-16 and that daf-8 may act as a master regulator of daf-16 in B.xylophilus.However,knockdown of Bx-daf-8 did not lead to constitutive developmental arrest at the dauer larval stage,indicating that dauer entry in B.xylophilus might be controlled by several genes and is more complicated than in C.elegans.Bx-daf-8 alone did not control the dauer entry in B.xylophilus,but it was indispensable for embryogen-esis,providing a potential target for suppressing population growth of B.xylophilus.

Application of Ecological Footprint

Ecological footprint is a method of measuring how much we use the natural resources and how much the nature provides services for human beings. This paper summarized the application of ecological footprint at different scales and in different fields and different ecological types at home and abroad,analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of ecological footprint method,and made a prediction of the application of ecological footprint.

Involvement of the ammonium assimilation mediated by glutamate dehydrogenase in response to heat stress in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis

Glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)plays an important role in the ammonium assimilation and nitrogen metabolism by catalyzing the reversible oxidative deamination of L-glutamate toα-ketoglutarate.In the present study,the potential functions of GDH in response to heat stre ss were explored in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis(designated as PdGDH).The cDNA of PdGDH contained an open reading frame of 1611 bp encoding a polypeptide of 536 amino acids,which exhibited the highest sequence identity to GDH of Stylophora pistillata(96%identity),and the deduced PdGDH protein was predicted to contain one GdhA domain(from Val95 to Tyr525).The recombinant protein of PdGDH(rPdGDH)was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-Transetta,and its catalytic activity was measured under different temperatures,pH conditions and epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG,a GDH inhibitor)concentrations.The purified rPdGDH only used reduced coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)as coenzyme,and its highe st activity was observed at 35℃and pH 7.5,re spectively.The rPdGDH activity was negatively correlated with the concentration of EGCG,and was inhibited by more than half(65%,P<0.05)at 10mol/L EGCG.No significant alteration of PdGDH mRNA expression was detected at 12 h after exposure to heat and ammonium(P>0.05).Furthermore,the activities of NADH-GDH in the scleractinian coral P.damicornis increased significantly at 12 h after the heat and ammonium stress,and the NADH-GDH activity in the heat stress group(32.66 U/mg,P<0.05)was significantly higher than that in the heat and ammonium stress group(11.26 U/mg).These results collectively suggested that PdGDH,as a homologue of glutamate dehydrogenase in the scleractinian coral P.damicornis,could respond to heat stress at the protein level,which would have ability to further promote ammonium assimilation to increase the heat acclimatization of the coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiotic association.

The QseB/QseC two-component system contributes to virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by downregulating apf gene cluster transcription

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(APP)is the major pathogen of porcine contagious pleuropneumoniae(PCP).The QseB/QseC two-component system(TCS)consists of the regulator QseB and the kinase QseC,which relates to quorum sensing(QS)and virulence in some bacteria.Here,we investigated the role of QseB/QseC in apf gene cluster(apfABCD)expression of APP.Our results have showed that QseB/QseC TCS can potentially regulate the expression of apf gene cluster.The△qseBC,△apfA,△apfB,△apfC and△apfD strains are more sensitive to acidic and osmotic stressful conditions,and exhibite lower biofilm formation ability than wild-type(WT)strain,whereas the complemented strains show similar phenotype to the wr strain.In additon,the mutants have defective antiphagocytosis,adhesion and invasion when they come into contact with the host cells.In experimental animal models of infection,mice infected with△qseBC,△apfA,△apfB,△apfC and △apfD strains showed lower mortality and bacterial loads in the lung and the blood than those infected with wr strain.In conclusion,our results suggest that QseB/QseC TCS contributes to stress resistance,biofilm formation,phagocytosis,adhesion,invasion and virulence by downregulating expression of apf gene cluster in A.pleuropneumoniae.

Estimation of Biodiversity Conservation Value of Forest Ecosystem in Nyingchi Prefecture of Tibet

The estimation was made for the conservation value of forest ecosystem biodiversity in Nyingchi Prefecture of Tibet.The results showed that the annual economic benefits of biodiversity in Nyingchi Prefecture were about 21.4 billion yuan,and the annual economic benefits of global biodiversity were about 3 trillion USD.It indicated that the ecological value of forest ecosystem in Nyingchi Prefecture is high,forest ecosystem has extremely important ecological value.Therefore,in the decision-making process,it is necessary to strengthen the protection of forest ecosystem,with particular emphasis on the restoration of damaged ecosystem.

Study on the Growth Adaptability of Ligustrum L. Plants in Southeast Tibet

In this study,we choose the street green space in Bayi District,Mainling Town of Mainling County and Zhamu Town of Bomê County in Nyingchi City as investigation sites.In each investigation site,we select the undamaged plant communities of moderate density as objects of investigation and record,and establish the investigation database.Based on the habitat records and natural ecological conditions,we analyze the growth adaptability of Ligustrum L.plants in Southeast Tibet and the key influencing factors.It is found that the Ligustrum L.plants introduced in Southeast Tibet mainly include Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,Ligustrum quihoui Carr.and Ligustrum vicaryi.The growth adaptability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.plants is divided into high level,middle level and low level.According to the investigation results,the frequency of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.plants with good growth status is greater than 65%.In general,the plants are fond of light,and have certain tolerance to cold.They can be cultivated in open field and show good growth adaptability in Southeast Tibet,so these plants can be further applied.

Ecological sustainability assessment of the carbon footprint in Fujian Province,southeast China

China’s rapid economic development has initiated the deterioration of its ecological environment,posing a threat to the sustainable development of human society.As a result,an assessment of regional sustainability is critical.This paper researches China’s most forested province,Fujian Province,as the study area.We proposed a grid-based approach to assess the regional carbon footprint in accordance with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s(IPCC)carbon emission guidelines.Our method of assessment also introduced carbon emission indicators with our improved and published Net Primary Production(NPP)based on process simulation.The carbon footprint in Fujian Province from 2005-2017 was calculated and examined from a spatiotemporal perspective.Ecological indicators were used in the sustainability assessment.The research draws the following conclusions:1)the carbon footprint in the eastern regions of Fujian Province was higher due to rapid economic development;2)that of the western regions was lower;3)an uptrend in the carbon footprint of Fujian Province was observed.All five ecological indicators based on carbon emissions and economic and social data showed an ecologically unsustainable trend over 13 years in the research area due to unsustainable economic development.Therefore,it is urgent to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.Our research provides scientific references for achieving ecological civilization and sustainability in a similar region.

Enhancement of extracellular Cr(Ⅵ) reduction for anammox recovery using hydrazine: performance, pathways, and mechanism

The hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))would frequently impose inhibition to anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)process,hindering the efficiency of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.Hydrazine(N2H4),which is an intermediate product of anammox,participates in intracellular metabolism and extracellular Cr(Ⅵ)reduction.However,the roles of N_(2)H_(4)-induced intracellular metabolism and extracellular reduction in nitrogen removal under Cr(Ⅵ)stress remain unclear.The addition of 3.67 mg/L of N2H4 increased the anammox activity by 17%.As an intermediate,N2H4 enhanced anammox metabolism by increasing the heme c content and electron transfer system activity.As a reductant,N_(2)H_(4) accelerated the reduction of c-Cyts-mediated extracellular Cr(Ⅵ)to the less toxic Cr(Ⅲ).Extracellular Cr(Ⅲ)accounts for 74%of the total Cr in a Cr(Ⅵ)-stressed anammox consortia.These findings highlight that N_(2)H_(4)-induced extracellular Cr(Ⅵ)reduction is the dominant mechanism for the survival of anammox consortia.We also found that N_(2)H_(4) increased the production of extracellular polymeric substances to sequester excessive Cr(Ⅵ)and produced Cr(Ⅲ).Taken together,the study findings suggest a potential strategy for enhancing nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater contaminated with Cr(Ⅵ).

神经科学家利用蝙蝠寻求解开大脑三维空间导航的秘密

揭开人和动物大脑方位感知与空间导航的秘密,一直是一个令人着迷的问题.科学家通过对大鼠和蝙蝠等动物近50年的研究,使我们对大脑二维(2 dimension, 2D)导航的神经基础有了较清楚的认识.研究发现,在海马和内嗅皮质等脑区有专门的导航细胞,包括位置细胞、网格细胞、边界细胞、头朝向细胞等.这些细胞及它们的"细胞域"可为2D空间导航提供"空间认知地图"或"心灵环境地图"和"指南针".然而,人和大量动物都生活在三维(3 dimension, 3D)空间中,大脑如何完成3D空间环境下的定位和导航?近年来,通过对爬行和飞行状态蝙蝠的研究,发现参与2D导航的那些细胞在3D空间下反应特性和模式均发生明显变化;蝙蝠属于社会性和群居性动物,研究还发现在其海马内存在社交位置细胞和目标方向角调谐细胞,分别负责获取环境中其他蝙蝠位置的踪迹信息以及目标的方向信息.由此可见,脑内这些空间定位细胞构成了导航的神经基础,并经过复杂的功能整合,构成了一个位于脑内的"微型全球定位系统",且在细胞水平上阐释了这种高级认知功能的原理.本文简要介绍了Nachum Ulanovsky等人近些年对蝙蝠大脑3D导航的研究.

Effect of soil crust on evaporation and dew deposition in Mu Us sandy land,China

The development of soil crust on sandy land may affect the surface hydrological process.This paper investigates the process of evaporation and dew deposition influenced by different soil surface types which were dominated by sand,primitive biotic crust,and advanced biotic crust,respectively,in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in Northwest China from July to September of 2006.The experimental results indicate that the advanced biotic crust could increase evaporation and dew deposition compared to the primitive biotic crust and bare sand although the differences between them were not significant.The average evaporation from advanced biotic crust,primitive biotic crust and sand was 6.8,6.6,and 6.5 mm/d,respectively,and water content is around 16.2%in the condition of initially identical soil.The average dew amount on advanced biotic crust was 0.116 mm/d with extreme 0.05 and 0.24 mm/d.The average values on primitive biotic crust and sand were 0.105 and 0.101 mm/d,respectively,with extreme 0.04 and 0.21 mm/d for both treatments.Also,the dew deposition on advanced biotic crust seemed stable and might rest for a longer time than that on primitive biotic crust and sand.The results suggest that the advanced biotic crust possibly facilitates evaporation and dew deposition.Therefore,the development of biotic crust may potentially enhance the hydrological circulation in the upper sand layer in sandy land.

Synthesis and bioactivity of novel nitric oxide-releasing ursolic acid derivatives

一系列基于 furoxan 的新奇氮的捐赠氧化物的 ursolic 酸(UA ) 衍生物(7af ) 被综合，并且他们对在 vitro 的 HepG2 房间的细胞毒素的活动被 MTT 方法评估。它被发现那 7ad， 7f 显示出更多的有势力细胞毒素的活动比控制 5 氟尿嘧啶和 UA。

表面等离激元增强硅基近红外光电导探测器

近年来,表面等离激元(SP)增强的金属纳米结构中热载流子产生、传输和收集得到了广泛而深入的研究。其中,利用电子隧穿和热发射效应实现的全新光电转换机制,结合平面化制作和CMOS兼容集成等,有望成为硅基红外光电探测的备选方案。目前这类探测器主要为金属-半导体肖特基结的光伏型器件,其光电响应较弱。为此,报道了一种基于金属-硅复合无序纳米结构的光电导器件,得益于无序表面等离激元局域热点效应和多叉指金属-半导体-金属(MSM)结构的显著光电导增益,实验获得了硅亚带隙的宽带强光电响应。该热载流子介导的多叉指MSM器件在1310 nm波长处的光电流响应度高达2.50 A/W。

Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of lotus-rootlike Au-ZnO nanostructures

Unique lotus-rootlike Au-Zn O hybrid structures were obtained by controlling the deposition of pre-synthesized Au nano- crystals onto the surfaces of as-obtained Zn O structures. Zn O with lotus-rootlike structures was first prepared through a hydrothermal process. We also investigated the effects of various Au contents on the photocatalytic activities in detail. Notably, compared to the pure Zn O component, these resulting lotus-root-like Au-Zn O nanostructures with the appropriate amounts of Au content exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency.

Local neuronal circuits that may shape the discharge patterns of inferior collicular neurons

The discharge patterns of neurons in auditory centers encode information about sounds.However,few studies have focused on the synaptic mechanisms underlying the shaping of discharge patterns using intracellular recording techniques.Here,we investigated the discharge patterns of inferior collicular（IC）neurons using intracellular recordings to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the shaping of discharge patterns.Under in vivo intracellular recording conditions,recordings were obtained from 66 IC neurons in 18 healthy adult mice（Mus musculus,Km）under free field-stimulation.Fiftyeight of these neurons fired bursts of action potentials（APs）to auditory stimuli and the remaining eight just generated local responses such as excitatory（n=4）or inhibitory（n=4）postsynaptic potentials.Based on the APs and subthreshold responses,the discharge patterns were classified into seven types：phasic（24/58,41.4%）,phasic burst（8/58,13.8%）,pauser（4/58,6.9%）,phasic-pauser（1/58,1.7%）,chopper（2/58,3.4%）,primary-like tonic（14/58,24.1%）and sound-induced inhibitory（5/58,8.6%）.We concluded that（1）IC neurons exhibit at least seven distinct discharge patterns;（2）inhibition participates in shaping the discharge pattern of most IC neurons and plays a role in sculpting the pattern,except for the primary-like tonic pattern which was not shapedby inhibition;and（3）local neural circuits are the likely structural basis that shapes the discharge patterns of IC neurons and can be formed either in the IC or in lower-level auditory structures.