Laparoscopic extended right hepatectomy for posterior and completely caudate massive liver tumor (with videos)

To the Editor:Liver tumor may occur in any hepatic segment or lobe,and thus the liver resection is individualized as per the location and size of the tumor.In addition,the resection of the posterior and caudate lobes of the liver is especially difficult amongst all types of hepatectomy.Kawaguchi et al.believed that the laparoscopic resection of right posterior liver lobe was a difficult surgical procedure[1].

Effects of transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats with liver failure

Objective: To investigate the effect of hepatic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) induced in vitro and transplanted into rats with liver failure via portal vein, and observe the changes of liver function and pathological tissue. Method:After passage to the 6th generation in vitro, the hepatic differentiation was induced by HGFand EGF inducible factors. CCL4 acute liver failure model in rats were established, and randomly divided into 5 groups transplanted with differentiated stem cells via portal vein. These five groups included HGF-differentiated HBMSCs transplantation, EGF-differentiated HBMSCs transplantation, EGF+HGF-differentiated HBMSCs transplantation, non-differentiated HBMSCs transplantation, and non-HBMSCs transplantation. Liver function and pathological changes were detected. Results: Rats models survival, serum albumin, aminotransferase and coagulation indexes were observed at 12 h, 72 h, 7 d, 1 month and 2 months after treatment. The results showed that the survival and albumin, aminotransferase and coagulation function of rats were improved significantly after treatment in HGF-differentiated, EGF-differentiated, EGF+HGF-differentiated and non-differentiated transplantation groups, compared tothe non-HBMSCstransplantation group(P<0.05), while no significance was observed in above four groups(P>0.05).Pathological changes was ameliorated in the liver of rat models in HGF-, EGF-, EGF+HGF- and non-differentiated transplantation groups, compared to the non-HBMSCs transplantation group. Conclusion: Liver-differentiated BMSCs transplanted into rats with liver failure could effectively improve liver function and survival rate.

A Survey of Reliability Issues Related to Approximate Circuits

As one of the most promising paradigms of integrated circuit design,the approximate circuit has aroused widespread concern in the scientific community.It takes advantage of the inherent error tolerance of some applications and relaxes the accuracy for reductions in area and power consumption.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of reliability issues related to approximate circuits,which covers three concerns:error characteristic analysis,reliability and test,and reliable design involving approximate circuits.The error characteristic analysis is used to compare the outputs of the approximate circuit with those of its precise counterpart,which can help to find the most appropriate approximate design for a specific application in the large design space.With the approximate design getting close to physical realization,manufacturing defects and operational faults are inevitable;therefore,the reliability prediction and vulnerability test become increasingly important.However,the research on approximate circuit reliability and test is insufficient and needs more attention.Furtherly,although there is some existing work combining the approximate design with fault tolerant techniques,the reliability-enhancement approaches for approximate circuits are lacking.