Salivary metabolites are promising noninvasive biomarkers of druginduced liver injury

BACKGROUND Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is one of the most common adverse events of medication use,and its incidence is increasing.However,early detection of DILI is a crucial challenge due to a lack of biomarkers and noninvasive tests.AIM To identify salivary metabolic biomarkers of DILI for the future development of noninvasive diagnostic tools.METHODS Saliva samples from 31 DILI patients and 35 healthy controls(HCs)were subjected to untargeted metabolomics using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.Subsequent analyses,including partial least squares-discriminant analysis modeling,t tests and weighted metabolite coexpression network analysis(WMCNA),were conducted to identify key differentially expressed metabolites(DEMs)and metabolite sets.Furthermore we utilized least absolute shrinkage and selection operato and random fores analyses for biomarker prediction.The use of each metabolite and metabolite set to detect DILI was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS We found 247 differentially expressed salivary metabolites between the DILI group and the HC group.Using WMCNA,we identified a set of 8 DEMs closely related to liver injury for further prediction testing.Interestingly,the distinct separation of DILI patients and HCs was achieved with five metabolites,namely,12-hydroxydodecanoic acid,3-hydroxydecanoic acid,tetradecanedioic acid,hypoxanthine,and inosine(area under the curve:0.733-1).CONCLUSION Salivary metabolomics revealed previously unreported metabolic alterations and diagnostic biomarkers in the saliva of DILI patients.Our study may provide a potentially feasible and noninvasive diagnostic method for DILI,but further validation is needed.

Microstructural evolution and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms of additively manufactured TiAl alloy with heterogeneous microstructure during hot compression

Microstructural evolution and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanisms of a Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb(at.%)alloy prepared by selective electron beam melting(SEBM)during hot deformation at 1150℃and 0.1 s^(-1)were investigated by hot compression tests,optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the initial microstructure of the as-SEBMed alloy exhibits layers of coarseγgrains and fineγ+α_(2)+(α_(2)/γ)lamellar mixture grains alternately along the building direction.During the early stage of hot deformation,deformation twins tend to form within the coarse grains,facilitating subsequent deformation,and a small number of DRX grains appear in the fine-grained regions.With the increase of strain,extensive DRX grains are formed through different DRX mechanisms in both coarse and fine-grained regions,involving discontinuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism(DDRX)in the fine-grained regions and a coexistence of DDRX and continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)in the coarsegrained regions.

Analysis of the causes of primary revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A case series

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)has great advantages in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis,but its revision rate is higher than that of total knee arthroplasty.AIM To summarize and analyse the causes of revision after UKA.METHODS This is a retrospective case series study in which the reasons for the first revision after UKA are summarized.We analysed the clinical symptoms,medical histories,laboratory test results,imaging examination results and treatment processes of the patients who underwent revision and summarized the reasons for primary revision after UKA.RESULTS A total of 13 patients,including 3 males and 10 females,underwent revision surgery after UKA.The average age of the included patients was 67.62 years.The prosthesis was used for 3 d to 72 months.The main reasons for revision after UKA were improper suturing of the surgical opening(1 patient),osteophytes(2 patients),intra-articular loose bodies(2 patients),tibial prosthesis loosening(2 patients),rheumatoid arthritis(1 patient),gasket dislocation(3 patients),anterior cruciate ligament injury(1 patient),and medial collateral ligament injury with residual bone cement(1 patient).CONCLUSION The causes of primary revision after UKA were gasket dislocation,osteophytes,intra-articular loose bodies and tibial prosthesis loosening.Avoidance of these factors may greatly reduce the rate of revision after UKA,improve patient satisfaction and reduce medical burden.

1例度拉糖肽引起胰腺炎的病例分析

临床药师参与1例使用度拉糖肽后引起胰腺炎的治疗过程。该患者为50岁男性,既往患2型糖尿病、高血压、脑梗死多年,因突发腹痛腹胀入院,结合实验室检查结果诊断为急性胰腺炎。临床药师分析患者既往疾病史以及用药史,认为患者发生胰腺炎很可能是度拉糖肽引起的不良反应。建议临床及时停药、禁食、给予奥曲肽治疗,患者脂肪酶逐渐降至正常值,腹痛、腹胀好转。临床药师结合患者的病情和用药情况,分析药物使用与药品不良反应之间的关系,及时调整用药方案,加强了对药源性疾病的认识。

Cryoballoon ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation for de novo pulmonary vein isolation:a single-center follow-up study

BACKGROUND Pulmonary vein isolation(PVI)alone for persistent atrial fibrillation(PersAF)remains controversial.The characteristics of cryoballoon ablation(CBA)to treat PersAF and the blanking period recurrence are underreported.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed patients with PersAF undergoing second-generation CBA for de novo PVI.The post-procedural efficacy and survival analysis were compared between patients with different PersAF durations.The multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to detect the risk factors for recurrence.Early and long-term recurrence were analyzed relative to each other.RESULTS A total of 329 patients were enrolled,with a median PersAF duration of 4.0 months(interquartile range:2.0–12.0 months);257 patients(78.1%)were male.Kaplan-Meier analysis of freedom from atrial fibrillation recurrence at 12,24,and 30 months showed 71.0%,58.5%,and 54.9%,respectively.Early PersAF had a relatively favorable survival rate and a narrow P-wave duration of restoring sinus rhythm compared with that of PersAF lasting more than three months(P<0.05).The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PersAF duration and left atrial anteroposterior diameter≥42 mm were the risk factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence after CBA[hazard ratio(HR)=1.89,95%CI:1.01–1.4,P=0.042;HR=3.6,95%CI:2.4–5.4,P<0.001,respectively].The blanking period recurrence predicted the long-term recurrence(P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS CBA of PersAF had safety and efficacy to reach de novo PVI.The PersAF duration and left atrial size were risk factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence after CBA.Blanking period recurrence was associated with long-term recurrence.

Unleashing the Power of Bio-based Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Modifiers:Toughening and Reinforcing Petroleum-based Epoxy Resin without Compromising Other Properties

Toughening the petroleum-based epoxy resin blends with bio-based modifiers without compromising their modulus,mechanical strength,and other properties is still a big challenge in view of the sustainability.In this study,a bio-based liquid crystal epoxy resin(THMT-E P)with an s-triazine ring structure was utilized to modify a petroleum-based bisphenol A epoxy resin(E51)with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone(DDS)as a curing agent,and the blended systems were evaluated for their thermal stability,mechanical properties,and flame retardancy.The results showed that the impact strength of the blended system initially increased and then decreased with the increase in THMT-EP content,and it reached the a maximum value of 26.5 kJ/m^(2)when the THMT-EP content was 5%,which was 31.2%higher than that of E51/DDS.Notably,the flexural strength,modulus,and glass transition tem perature of the blended system were all simultaneously improved with the addition of THMT-EP.At the same time,the addition of THMT-EP enhanced the flame retardancy of the system by increasing the char yield at 700℃and decreasing the peak heat release rate and total heat release rate.This work paves the way for a more sustainable improvement in the comprehensive performance of epoxy resin.

Highly Stretchable and Conductive Hybrid Fibers for High-performance Fibrous Electrodes and All-solid-state Supercapacitors

The development of lightweight,flexible,and stretchable energy storage systems is essential for state-of-the-art electronic devices.We propose a new and broad strategy to fabricate a stretchable and conductive GO/CNTs-TPU fiber electrode by direct wet spinning,from which a flexible fibrous supercapacitor is fabricated.The fibrous electrode exhibits a high strength of 11.68 MPa,high conductivity of 342 S/cm,and high specific capacitances(21.8 mF/cm,36.45 F/cm^3,and 95 F/g).The specific capacitance of the assembled all-solid-state hybrid fiber-shaped supercapacitor reaches 14.3 F/cm^3.After 5000 charge-discharge cycles,97%of the capacitance of the hybrid supercapacitor is maintained.These high-strength electrochemical electrode materials could be potential candidates for applications in practical and large-scale energy storage systems and textile clothes.

基于Web of Science数据库的间质性肺疾病热点文献可视化计量分析

目的对间质性肺疾病的发展趋势及其国际研究热点进行可视化文献计量分析,为我国间质性肺疾病科研领域的发展提供参考信息。方法利用Citespace 5.5软件,以Web of Science数据库为数据来源,对2011年~2020年间质性肺疾病发表文献的年份、国家、期刊、关键词进行可视化分析。结果共检索到6098条文献,2011年以来发文量逐渐增加,发文量最多的国家为美国;被引率最高的期刊为Am J Resp Crit Care;发文量及引文量最高的作者分别为Toby M Maher和Raghu G;该领域研究重点为流行病学,炎症与发病机制,诊断及治疗。结论国际间质性肺疾病关注度与研究水平逐渐增加,探索该领域研究热点及发展趋势,可为我国紧跟国际间质性肺疾病研究提供方向和依据。