Clinical review and literature analysis of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma in alcoholic cirrhosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEA)has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity.Thus,it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver,especially in the presence of liver diseases such as hepatitis cirrhosis.This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HEA and alcoholic cirrhosis,and analyzed the literature,in order to improve the understanding of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the liver.Based on the patient’s history,laboratory examinations,and imaging examinations,a malignant liver tumor was considered and laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed.Postoperative pathology showed HEA.During outpatient follow-up,the patient showed no sign of recurrence.CONCLUSION HEA is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before surgery.HEA has the poten-tial for malignant degeneration.If conditions permit,surgical treatment is recom-mended.

Paired box proteins as diagnostic biomarkers for endocervical adenocarcinoma

In this editorial,we commented on the article by Akers et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We focused specifically on the role of the transcription factor paired box protein 8(PAX8)belonging to the family PAX in the carcinogenesis of a gynecologic tumor,endocervical adenocarcinoma,arising from the tissue of mesonephric origin,and the potential diagnostic value for the same type of neoplasms.The global vaccination program of human papillomavirus(HPV)has dramatically reduced the incidence of cervical cancer,including cases of adenocarcinoma.The type of adenoid epithelial origin has a lower frequency of HPV detection but tends to be more aggressive and fatal.Cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma occurring in females of menopause age have been described in the 2023 volume of the World Journal of Clinical Cases and in our study recently published in Oncol Lett.The histopathological findings and immunohistochemical assays showed that the lesions had glandular morphology,and the specimens in these two reports were immunohistochemically positive for the transcription factor PAX8,albeit that they had opposing expression profiles of tumor suppressor p16 and estrogen receptor and the presence of the HPV genome.The presence of a mucin protein,MUC 5AC,as revealed in both studies suggested target molecules for the diagnosis of mucinous adenoid type of uterine tumor and other histological origins.The clinical outcome was unfavorable due to metastasis and recurrence.This prompted the improvement of the antitumor modality,with the introduction of precise targeting therapy.Mucin has now been reported to be the therapeutic target for adenocarcinomas.

Tenofovir alafenamide significantly increased serum lipid levels compared with entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus patients

BACKGROUND Tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)has a serum lipid-raising effect in patients with HIV;however,its effect on serum lipids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is unclear.AIM To compare the effects of TAF and entecavir(ETV)on serum lipid levels in patients with CHB.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,the data including the clinical features,serum lipids,and metabolic factors of patients with CHB at baseline and approximately 1 year after TAF or ETV treatment were collected and analyzed.We used propensity score-matched models to assess the effects on high-density lipoprotein,lowdensity lipoprotein,triglycerides,and total cholesterol(TCHO).RESULTS A total of 336 patients(75.60%male)were included;63.69%received TAF and 36.31%received ETV.Compared with the ETV group,the TAF group had significantly higher TCHO levels after treatment(4.67±0.90 vs 4.36±1.05,P=0.006).In a propensity score-matched model for body mass index,age,sex,smoking,drinking,presence of comorbidities such as NAFLD,cirrhosis,diabetes mellitus,and hypertension,TAF-treated patients had significantly increased TCHO levels compared to that at baseline(P=0.019).There was no difference for the ETV group.Body mass index,sex,hypertension,baseline TCHO,and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels were significantly associated with elevated TCHO levels in logistic regression analysis.However,1-year TAF treatment did not increase the incidence of NAFLD.CONCLUSION A greater increase in TCHO was observed in patients with CHB receiving TAF compared to those receiving ETV.However,TAF-induced dyslipidemia did not increase the incidence of NAFLD.

Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-2,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines via Copper-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkenes

An efficient methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines using copper catalyst was developed. The corresponding cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines could be obtained in reasonable yields and with good stereoselectivities in the presence of 4,4＇-di-tert-butyl-2,2＇-bipyridine as ligand and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone as solvent.