Multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism for production optimization

Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing research suggests that the effectiveness of a surrogate model can vary depending on the complexity of the design problem.A surrogate model that has demonstrated success in one scenario may not perform as well in others.In the absence of prior knowledge,finding a promising surrogate model that performs well for an unknown reservoir is challenging.Moreover,the optimization process often relies on a single evolutionary algorithm,which can yield varying results across different cases.To address these limitations,this paper introduces a novel approach called the multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism(MSFASM)to tackle production optimization problems.MSFASM consists of two stages.In the first stage,a reduced-dimensional broad learning system(BLS)is used to adaptively select the evolutionary algorithm with the best performance during the current optimization period.In the second stage,the multi-objective algorithm,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is used as an optimizer to find a set of Pareto solutions with good performance on multiple surrogate models.A novel optimal point criterion is utilized in this stage to select the Pareto solutions,thereby obtaining the desired development schemes without increasing the computational load of the numerical simulator.The two stages are combined using sequential transfer learning.From the two most important perspectives of an evolutionary algorithm and a surrogate model,the proposed method improves adaptability to optimization problems of various reservoir types.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,four 100-dimensional benchmark functions and two reservoir models are tested,and the results are compared with those obtained by six other surrogate-model-based methods.The results demonstrate that our approach can obtain the maximum net present value(NPV)of the target production optimization problems.

Polymorphisms of interleukin-10 promoter are not associated with prognosis of advanced gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the association between of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter polymorphisms and survival of advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS: The IL-10 (-1082, rs1800896; -819, rs1800871; and-592, rs1800896) genotypes in 234 patients with advanced gastric cancer and in 243 healthy controls were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression for the associations between IL-10 genotypes and the risk of GC. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank testing was used to evaluate the association between genotype and survival of the patients.RESULTS: The IL-10 -1082 G allele and GCC (-1082, -819 and -592) haplotype were associated with increased gastric cancer risks (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6-3.2, P = 0.007, for -1082 G allele, OR = 2.3, 95% CI, 1.2-4.1, P = 0.005, for GCC haplotype, respectively). However, none of the three IL-10 gene polymorphisms (-1082, -819 and -592) was correlated with gastric cancer survival (P > 0.05), and none of the genotypes of the three IL-10 sites was found as independent prognostic risk factors in the multivariate test. CONCLUSION: IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms may not be associated with the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer.

Efficacy and safety of Buyanghuanwu decoction combined with regular western medicine treatment for ischemic stroke convalescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Buyanghuanwu (BYHW) decoction for the treatment of ischemic stroke convalescence. Methods: CNKI, Wanfang knowledge service platform, VIP journal database, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index (SCI) and Elsevier SD databases were searched from the origin time to May 2018. Cochrane recommended bias risk assessment method was used to evaluate the bias risk. Review Manager 5.3 was used to perform meta-analysis. Results: A total of 12 studies with a 1246 cases were included in the study. The results of the analysis showed that the efficacy of BYHW decoction combined with western medicine treatment was better than that of control group (OR = 2.88, 95% CI (2.10,3.95), P < 0.001)]. The neurological deficit score in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [MD =-2.84, 95% CI (-3.22,-2.45), P < 0.001]. The scores of daily living ability in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [MD = 8.89, 95% CI (7.61, 10.16), P <0.00001]. In the safety aspect, the results of the study are different, and there was a lack of quantitative indicators to evaluate the objectivity of adverse reactions. Conclusion: BYHW decoction combined with the Western medicine is an effective treatment for the recovery period of cerebral infarction, which can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, improve patients' neurological symptoms and their quality of life.

Steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone promotes CTL1-mediated cellular immunity in Helicoverpa armigera

Mermithid nematodes,such as Ovomermis sinensis,are used as biological control agents against many insect pests,including cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera).However,given the host's robust immune system,the infection rate of O.sinensis is low,thus restricting its widespread use.To understand the host defense mechanisms against mermithid nematodes,we identified and characterized a protein involved in the recognition of O.sinensis,the potential O.sinensis-binding protein C-type lectin 1(HaCTLla and/or HaCTLIb),which was eluted from the surface of O.sinensis after incubation with H.armigera plasma.HaCTLIb is homologous to the previously reported HaCTLla protein.HaCTLI was predominantly expressed in hemocytes and was induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone through ecdysone receptor(HaEcR)or ultraspiracle(HaUSP),or both.Binding assays confirmed the interactions of the HaCTLI proteins with O.sinensis but not with Romanomermis wuchangensis,a parasitic nematode of mosquito.Moreover,the HaCTL1 proteins were secreted into the hemocoel and promoted hemocyte-mediated encapsulation and phagocytosis.A knockdown of HaEcR and/or HaUSP resulted in compromised encapsulation and phagocytosis.Thus,HaCTLI appears to modulate cellular immunity in the defense against parasitic nematodes,and the 20-hydroxyecdysone-HaEcR-HaUSP complex is involved in regulating the process.

Age assignment of the Upper Carboniferous Arbasay Formation in Shichang Region,North Tianshan(NW China)

The North Tianshan Orogenic Belt contains the youngest ophiolites in the Tianshan and provides some information on timing of the last closure of the Junggar-Balkhash Ocean. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating was conducted to define the formation age of the Arbasay Formation in the Shichang Region of North Tianshan, which is exposed near the suture zone but its age remains debated. The Arbasay Formation is mainly composed of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with tuft interlayers. The zircons from the tufts yield two age populations of 315 ± 3 Ma and 304 ± 2 Ma, constraining the commencement and demise timings of volcanism, respectively. Furthermore, zircon U-Pb age spectra of the tuffaceous sandstones display the youngest peak age at 308 Ma, indicating a 〈 308 Ma age for the depositional age of volcaniclastic rocks. The volcaniclastic rocks therefore were likely to deposit together with the syn-sedimentary volcanism during Late Carboniferous. This means that the Arbasay Formation in Shichang Region should be re-assigned to Late Carboniferous in age. Given that the Arbasay Formation was likely to be formed during the tectonic transition from compression to extension, the Junggar-Balkhash Ocean possibly closed during Late Carboniferous.

Cordycepin induces apoptosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Hut78 cells via mitochondrial pathway

Objective Cordycepin is the active component of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris,belongs to Traditional Chinese Medicine,and has a significant anti-cancer activity.This research aimed to study the roles of cordycepin in inducing apoptosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Hut78 cell line.Methods After treatment with 5 μg/ml cordycepin for 24 hours,the proliferation and apoptosis of Hut78 cells induced by cordycepin were analyzed via MTT and flow cytometry assay,respectively,qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to investigate the levels of apoptosis-related proteins.Results Proliferation and apoptosis of Hut78 cells were inhibited by cordycepin in a dose-dependent manner.The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins including caspase-8,cleaved caspase-3,tBid,Bax,Apafl,AIF and DR3 receptor were all decreased in the cells stimulated with 5 μg/ml cordycepin for 24 hours compared with those in the control group.Conclusion Cell proliferation and induced apoptosis could be inhibited by cordycepin via the DR3/mitochondrial signaling pathway.