The ethylene aromatization is critical for the methanol to aromatics and light alkane dehydroaromatization process.The single-event microkinetic(SEMK)model combining the linear free energy theory and solid acid distri...The ethylene aromatization is critical for the methanol to aromatics and light alkane dehydroaromatization process.The single-event microkinetic(SEMK)model combining the linear free energy theory and solid acid distribution concept were established and extend for the ethylene aromatization process,which can reduce the kinetic parameters and simplify the reaction network by comparison with the SEMK model including subtype elementary steps based on the type of carbenium ions.Further introducing deactivation parametersφinto the model and applying the linear free energy model to the deactivation experimental data,the obtained deactivation parametersφindicate that the carbon deposition precursors have the greatest impact on reducing the reaction rate of single-molecular reactions and the smallest impact on the hydrogen transfer reaction.Meanwhile,according to the change of reaction enthalpy,effect of carbenium ion structure on methylation,ethylation,cyclization and endo-βscission was investigated by introducing linear free energy concept into the SEMK model.The effect of different acid strengths on elementary steps was investigated based on the acid strength distribution model,it was found that the methylation and oligomerization reactions,the ali-βscission reaction,endo-βscission reaction and the cyclization reaction were more sensitive to strong acidity sites.The physisorption and chemisorption heat are separated from the protonation heat in the linear free energy kinetic model and the acid strength distribution kinetic model,and the absolute values of the obtained physisorption and chemisorption heat increase with the carbon number of carbenium ions.Furthermore,the parameters of the acid strength distribution kinetic model were applied to propane dehydroaromatization on H-ZSM-5 and the ethane dehydroaromatization on Zn/ZSM-5 to confirm the independence of parameters in the SEMK model with the similar reaction network.展开更多
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic infections and mild symptoms are common in patients infected with the Omicron variant,and data on liver test abnormalities are rare.AIM To evaluated the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic...BACKGROUND Asymptomatic infections and mild symptoms are common in patients infected with the Omicron variant,and data on liver test abnormalities are rare.AIM To evaluated the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and mild coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients with abnormal liver test results.METHODS This retrospective study included 661 laboratory-confirmed asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients who were treated in two makeshift hospitals in Ningbo from April 5,2022 to April 29,2022.Clinical information and viral shedding time were collected,and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed in statistical analyses.RESULTS Of the 661 patients,83(12.6%)had liver test abnormalities,and 6(0.9%)had liver injuries.Abnormal liver tests revealed a reliable correlation with a history of liver disease(P<0.001)and a potential correlation with male sex and obesity(P<0.05).Elevated alanine aminotransferase was reliably associated with obesity(P<0.05)and a history of liver disease(P<0.001).Elevated aspartate transaminase(AST)was reliably correlated with a history of liver disease(P<0.001),and potentially correlated with age over 30 years(P<0.05).There was a reliable correlation between AST≥2×the upper limit of normal and a longer viral shedding time,especially in mild cases.CONCLUSION Obesity and a history of liver disease are risk factors for liver test abnormalities.Being male and an older age are potential risk factors.Attention should be given to liver tests in asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients,which has crucial clinical significance for evaluating the viral shedding time.展开更多
We ascertain the modularity-like objective function whose optimization is equivalent to the maximum likelihood in annotated networks. We demonstrate that the modularity-like objective function is a lin- ear combinatio...We ascertain the modularity-like objective function whose optimization is equivalent to the maximum likelihood in annotated networks. We demonstrate that the modularity-like objective function is a lin- ear combination of modularity and conditional entropy. In contrast with statistical inference methods, in our method, the influence of the metadata is adjustable; when its influence is strong enough, the metadata can be recovered. Conversely, when it is weak, the detection may correspond to another partition. Between the two, there is a transition. This paper provides a concept for expanding the scope of modularity methods.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education[grant number GCP20190204]Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology(Wuhan Institute of Technology)[grant number 40201005]+1 种基金Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education[grant number LKF201908]Graduate Innovative Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology[grant number CX2021028].
文摘The ethylene aromatization is critical for the methanol to aromatics and light alkane dehydroaromatization process.The single-event microkinetic(SEMK)model combining the linear free energy theory and solid acid distribution concept were established and extend for the ethylene aromatization process,which can reduce the kinetic parameters and simplify the reaction network by comparison with the SEMK model including subtype elementary steps based on the type of carbenium ions.Further introducing deactivation parametersφinto the model and applying the linear free energy model to the deactivation experimental data,the obtained deactivation parametersφindicate that the carbon deposition precursors have the greatest impact on reducing the reaction rate of single-molecular reactions and the smallest impact on the hydrogen transfer reaction.Meanwhile,according to the change of reaction enthalpy,effect of carbenium ion structure on methylation,ethylation,cyclization and endo-βscission was investigated by introducing linear free energy concept into the SEMK model.The effect of different acid strengths on elementary steps was investigated based on the acid strength distribution model,it was found that the methylation and oligomerization reactions,the ali-βscission reaction,endo-βscission reaction and the cyclization reaction were more sensitive to strong acidity sites.The physisorption and chemisorption heat are separated from the protonation heat in the linear free energy kinetic model and the acid strength distribution kinetic model,and the absolute values of the obtained physisorption and chemisorption heat increase with the carbon number of carbenium ions.Furthermore,the parameters of the acid strength distribution kinetic model were applied to propane dehydroaromatization on H-ZSM-5 and the ethane dehydroaromatization on Zn/ZSM-5 to confirm the independence of parameters in the SEMK model with the similar reaction network.
基金the Ningbo Medical Science and Technology Program,No.2019Y32Ningbo 2025 Science and Technology Major Project,No.2021Z018Ningbo Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2021J263.
文摘BACKGROUND Asymptomatic infections and mild symptoms are common in patients infected with the Omicron variant,and data on liver test abnormalities are rare.AIM To evaluated the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and mild coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients with abnormal liver test results.METHODS This retrospective study included 661 laboratory-confirmed asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients who were treated in two makeshift hospitals in Ningbo from April 5,2022 to April 29,2022.Clinical information and viral shedding time were collected,and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed in statistical analyses.RESULTS Of the 661 patients,83(12.6%)had liver test abnormalities,and 6(0.9%)had liver injuries.Abnormal liver tests revealed a reliable correlation with a history of liver disease(P<0.001)and a potential correlation with male sex and obesity(P<0.05).Elevated alanine aminotransferase was reliably associated with obesity(P<0.05)and a history of liver disease(P<0.001).Elevated aspartate transaminase(AST)was reliably correlated with a history of liver disease(P<0.001),and potentially correlated with age over 30 years(P<0.05).There was a reliable correlation between AST≥2×the upper limit of normal and a longer viral shedding time,especially in mild cases.CONCLUSION Obesity and a history of liver disease are risk factors for liver test abnormalities.Being male and an older age are potential risk factors.Attention should be given to liver tests in asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients,which has crucial clinical significance for evaluating the viral shedding time.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 11275186, 91024026, and FOM2014OF001）.
文摘We ascertain the modularity-like objective function whose optimization is equivalent to the maximum likelihood in annotated networks. We demonstrate that the modularity-like objective function is a lin- ear combination of modularity and conditional entropy. In contrast with statistical inference methods, in our method, the influence of the metadata is adjustable; when its influence is strong enough, the metadata can be recovered. Conversely, when it is weak, the detection may correspond to another partition. Between the two, there is a transition. This paper provides a concept for expanding the scope of modularity methods.
