BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is an extracranial malignant tumor in children that is most often located in the adrenal gland and sympathetic ganglion.Here,we present a rare case of neuroblastoma originating from the urinar...BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is an extracranial malignant tumor in children that is most often located in the adrenal gland and sympathetic ganglion.Here,we present a rare case of neuroblastoma originating from the urinary bladder.CASE SUMMARY A 3-year-old girl presented with lower abdominal pain with micturition.Ultrasound revealed a lower abdominal mass.Abdominal computed tomography scan displayed a solitary mass at the top of the urinary bladder.Blood levels of neuron-specific enolase and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated.We treated the child with partial cystectomy and six courses of chemotherapy,and the outcome at 4-year follow-up was unremarkable.CONCLUSION Neuroblastoma should be considered when tumors are located in the urinary bladder,especially in the dome;although this presentation is rare,the prognosis is very good.展开更多
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal heart and/or vascular development in the fetus.In children with CHD,abnormalities in the development and function of the nerv...BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal heart and/or vascular development in the fetus.In children with CHD,abnormalities in the development and function of the nervous system are common.At present,there is a lack of research on the preoperative neurological development and injury in young children with non-cyanotic CHD.AIM To determine the changes in white matter,gray matter,and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in children with non-cyanotic CHD as compared with healthy controls.METHODS Children diagnosed with non-cyanotic CHD on ultrasonography(n=54)and healthy control subjects(n=35)were included in the study.All the subjects were aged 1-3 years.Brain MRI was performed prior to surgery for CHD.The SPM v12 software was used to calculate the volumes of the gray matter,white matter,CSF,and the whole brain(sum of the gray matter,white matter,and CSF volumes).Volume differences between the two groups were analyzed.Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare specific brain regions with statistically significant atrophy.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the study group had significantly reduced whole-brain white matter volume(P<0.05),but similar whole-brain gray matter,CSF,and whole-brain volumes(P>0.05).As compared with the healthy controls,children with non-cyanotic CHD had mild underdevelopment in the white matter of the anterior central gyrus,the posterior central gyrus,and the pulvinar.CONCLUSION Children with non-cyanotic CHD show decreased white matter volume before surgery,and this volume reduction is mainly concentrated in the somatosensory and somatic motor nerve regions.展开更多
In this study,we successfully prepared a Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca alloy by utilizing sub-rapid solidification(SRS)combined with hard-plate rolling(HPR),whose elongation-to-failure increases from~17%to~23%without sacrificing tensi...In this study,we successfully prepared a Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca alloy by utilizing sub-rapid solidification(SRS)combined with hard-plate rolling(HPR),whose elongation-to-failure increases from~17%to~23%without sacrificing tensile strength(~290 MPa)compared with its counterpart processed via conventional solidification(CS)followed by HPR.Notably,both samples feature a similar refined grain structure with an average grain size of~2.1 and~2.5μm,respectively.However,the high cooling rate of~150 K/s introduced by SRS modified both the size and morphology of Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3) eutectic phase in comparison to those coarse ones under CS condition.By subsequent HPR,the Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3) phase was further refined and dispersed uniformly by severe fragmentation.Specially,the achieved supersaturation containing excessive Ca solute atoms due to high cooling rate was maintained in the SRS-HPR condition.The mechanisms that govern the high ductility of the SRS-HPR sample could be ascribed to following reasons.First,refined Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3) eutectic phase could effectively alleviate or avoid the crack initiation.Furthermore,excessive Ca solute atoms inα-Mg matrix result in the yield point phenomenon and enhanced strain-hardening ability during tension.The findings proposed a short-processed strategy towards superior performance of Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca alloy for industrial applications.展开更多
基金Supported by Science Technology Research Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2017C33047Scientific research project of Zhejiang education department,No.N20140124)Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission,No.2019KY093
文摘BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is an extracranial malignant tumor in children that is most often located in the adrenal gland and sympathetic ganglion.Here,we present a rare case of neuroblastoma originating from the urinary bladder.CASE SUMMARY A 3-year-old girl presented with lower abdominal pain with micturition.Ultrasound revealed a lower abdominal mass.Abdominal computed tomography scan displayed a solitary mass at the top of the urinary bladder.Blood levels of neuron-specific enolase and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated.We treated the child with partial cystectomy and six courses of chemotherapy,and the outcome at 4-year follow-up was unremarkable.CONCLUSION Neuroblastoma should be considered when tumors are located in the urinary bladder,especially in the dome;although this presentation is rare,the prognosis is very good.
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal heart and/or vascular development in the fetus.In children with CHD,abnormalities in the development and function of the nervous system are common.At present,there is a lack of research on the preoperative neurological development and injury in young children with non-cyanotic CHD.AIM To determine the changes in white matter,gray matter,and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in children with non-cyanotic CHD as compared with healthy controls.METHODS Children diagnosed with non-cyanotic CHD on ultrasonography(n=54)and healthy control subjects(n=35)were included in the study.All the subjects were aged 1-3 years.Brain MRI was performed prior to surgery for CHD.The SPM v12 software was used to calculate the volumes of the gray matter,white matter,CSF,and the whole brain(sum of the gray matter,white matter,and CSF volumes).Volume differences between the two groups were analyzed.Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare specific brain regions with statistically significant atrophy.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the study group had significantly reduced whole-brain white matter volume(P<0.05),but similar whole-brain gray matter,CSF,and whole-brain volumes(P>0.05).As compared with the healthy controls,children with non-cyanotic CHD had mild underdevelopment in the white matter of the anterior central gyrus,the posterior central gyrus,and the pulvinar.CONCLUSION Children with non-cyanotic CHD show decreased white matter volume before surgery,and this volume reduction is mainly concentrated in the somatosensory and somatic motor nerve regions.
基金This work was primarily supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51922048,51871108,51625402 and 52001133)Partial financial support came from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,JLU+1 种基金Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(No.JLUSTIRT,2017TD-09)the Changjiang Scholars Program(No.T2017035)。
文摘In this study,we successfully prepared a Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca alloy by utilizing sub-rapid solidification(SRS)combined with hard-plate rolling(HPR),whose elongation-to-failure increases from~17%to~23%without sacrificing tensile strength(~290 MPa)compared with its counterpart processed via conventional solidification(CS)followed by HPR.Notably,both samples feature a similar refined grain structure with an average grain size of~2.1 and~2.5μm,respectively.However,the high cooling rate of~150 K/s introduced by SRS modified both the size and morphology of Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3) eutectic phase in comparison to those coarse ones under CS condition.By subsequent HPR,the Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3) phase was further refined and dispersed uniformly by severe fragmentation.Specially,the achieved supersaturation containing excessive Ca solute atoms due to high cooling rate was maintained in the SRS-HPR condition.The mechanisms that govern the high ductility of the SRS-HPR sample could be ascribed to following reasons.First,refined Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3) eutectic phase could effectively alleviate or avoid the crack initiation.Furthermore,excessive Ca solute atoms inα-Mg matrix result in the yield point phenomenon and enhanced strain-hardening ability during tension.The findings proposed a short-processed strategy towards superior performance of Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca alloy for industrial applications.
