隐神经联合膝关节囊后阻滞对全膝置换术后认知功能及镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨隐神经联合膝关节囊后阻滞对全膝置换术(TKA)后认知功能及镇痛效果的影响。方法选取2018年2月—2021年6月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的96例拟行TKA患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组48例。对照组给予隐神经阻滞,研究组给予隐神经联合膝关节囊后阻滞。比较两组围手术期镇痛药物使用情况及苏醒情况;采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估两组术后4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h活动时、静息时的疼痛情况;采用简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表评估两组术前、术后24 h、术后48 h的认知功能;采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定两组术前、术后的炎症因子水平;评价两组术前、术后24 h、术后48 h、术后72 h患肢膝关节活动度;比较两组围手术期麻醉相关不良事件发生情况。结果研究组瑞芬太尼使用量、酮咯酸氨丁三醇使用量、术后镇痛期间舒芬太尼用量、PCA有效按压次数与总按压次数比值均低于对照组,苏醒时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组与对照组术后4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h静息状态下视觉模拟评分法(VAS)比较,结果:不同时间点的VAS评分有差异(P<0.05);两组静息状态下的VAS评分有差别(P<0.05),研究组VAS评分比较低;两组的VAS评分变化趋势有差异(P<0.05)。研究组与对照组术后4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h活动状态下VAS比较,结果:不同时间点的VAS评分有差异(P<0.05);两组活动状态下的VAS评分有差异(P<0.05),研究组VAS评分比较低;两组的VAS评分变化趋势有差异(P<0.05)。研究组与对照组术前、术后24 h、术后48 h的MMSE评分比较,结果:不同时间点间的MMSE评分无差异(P>0.05),两组的MMSE评分无差异(P>0.05),两组的MMSE评分变化趋势无差异(P>0.05)。研究组术前、术后48 h的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)差值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组与对照组的术前、术后24 h、术后48 h、术后72 h患肢膝关节活动度比较,结果:不同时间点的膝关节活动度有差异(P<0.05);两组的膝关节活动度有差异(P<0.05),研究组膝关节活动度比较大;两组的膝关节活动度变化趋势有差异(P<0.05)。两组麻醉相关总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论隐神经联合膝关节囊后阻滞用于TKA可降低围手术期镇痛药物使用量,加快患者术后苏醒,抑制术后疼痛及炎症因子,改善术后早期膝关节活动度,且安全性良好。

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote repair of neonatal brain injury caused by hypoxia/ischemia in rats

Administration of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)is believed to be an effective method for treating neurodevelopmental disorde rs.In this study,we investigated the possibility of hUC-MSCs treatment of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury associated with maternal immune activation and the underlying mechanism.We established neonatal rat models of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury by exposing pregnant rats to lipopolysaccharide on day 16 or 17 of pregnancy.Rat offspring were intranasally administe red hUC-MSCs on postnatal day 14.We found that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-1(PTBP-1)participated in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced maternal immune activation,which led to neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury.Intranasal delive ry of hUC-MSCs inhibited PTBP-1 expression,alleviated neonatal brain injury-related inflammation,and regulated the number and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes,there by promoting plastic regeneration of neurons and im p roving brain function.These findings suggest that hUC-MSCs can effectively promote the repair of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury related to maternal immune activation through inhibition of PTBP-1 expression and astrocyte activation.

Effect of electric pulse modification on mircostructure and properties of Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy

In order to improve the properties of Ni-rich(2.5wt.%) Al-Si piston alloy, electric pulse modification was applied in fabricating the Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy in this study. The effect of electric pulse modification on the mechanical properties of the Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy was studied using optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), microhardness measurement and tensile strength testing.The results showed that the microstructures of Ni-rich Al-Si piston alloy treated by electric pulse modification were refined, the solid solubility of Cu, Ni, Si, etc. in α-Al matrix was improved, and furthermore, the microhardness and high-temperature tensile strength were increased by 9.41% and 17.5%, respectively. The distribution of second phases was also more uniform compared with that of a non-modified sample.

Characterizations of precipitation behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloys under different heat treatments

The solidification-precipitation behavior of Al-Mg-Si multicomponent alloys has long been an absorbing topic. Experiments were carried out to analyze the precipitation behaviors of Al-Mg-Si alloys under different heat treatments. All specimens were homogenized at 570 °C for 8 h, and then solution treated at 540 °C for 55 min. Subsequently, the specimens were age treated for different times at temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C and 180 °C, respectively. The experimental results show that the occurrence of dispersed free zones(DFZ) is caused by the uneven distribution of dispersed phase. During the aging process, pre-β″ phases form at the initial stage and an aging temperature of 100 °C is too low to complete the transformation of pre-β″ to β″. At 150 °C, the precipitation sequence is concluded as SSSS-pre-β″-pre-β″+β″-β″-β′-β. Moreover, changes in sizes and densities of the pre-β″, β″and β′ phases during the aging process has an important influence on the evolution of microhardness and electrical resistivity. The microhardness peak value of 150 °C is similar to that of 180 °C, which is ~141 HV. While, at 100 °C, the microhardness increases slowly, and the attainable value is 127 HV up to 19 days. When the aging temperature is 100 °C, the electrical resistivity has the highest average value. When the aging temperature exceeds 100 °C, with the occurrence and growth of β″and β′, the resistivity has a distinct decrease with prolonged aging time.

锂离子电池高镍层状氧化物正极结构失效机制

高镍层状氧化物具有成本低、能量密度高的优点,被认为是新一代锂离子电池的理想正极材料。然而,由于在使用中其结构的耐久性与安全性问题,在实际应用过程中仍然面临着严峻的挑战。深入了解电极材料容量衰减过程中的结构演变对发展高性能层状氧化物电极材料具有重要的指导意义。本文综述了近年来高镍层状氧化物正极失效机理的研究进展,包括从高镍层状氧化物的内部结构演变、表面成分变化和热失控条件下的性质等方面,进行了详细的梳理。之后,本文介绍了国内外最新的高镍层状氧化物的改性策略,并对高镍氧化物正极结构研究的发展方向进行了总结和展望。

Balancing strength and plasticity of dual-phase amorphous/crystalline nanostructured Mg alloys

The dual-phase amorphous/crystalline nanostructured model proves to be an effective method to improve the plasticity of Mg alloys.The purpose of this paper is to explore an approach to improving the ductility and strength of Mg alloys at the same time.Here,the effect of amorphous phase strength,crystalline phase strength,and amorphous boundary(AB)spacing on the mechanical properties of dual-phase Mg alloys(DPMAs)under tensile loading are investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation method.The results confirm that the strength of DPMA can be significantly improved while its excellent plasticity is maintained by adjusting the strength of the amorphous phase or crystalline phase and optimizing the AB spacing.For the DPMA,when the amorphous phase(or crystalline phase)is strengthened to enhance its strength,the AB spacing should be increased(or reduced)to obtain superior plasticity at the same time.The results also indicate that the DPMA containing high strength amorphous phase exhibits three different deformation modes during plastic deformation with the increase of AB spacing.The research results will present a theoretical basis and early guidance for designing and developing the high-performance dual-phase hexagonal close-packed nanostructured metals.

PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a real-world study

Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC)remains heavily debated.We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor plus anlotinib as a potential solution for terminal mCRPC and further evaluate the association of genomic characteristics with efficacy outcomes.We conducted a retrospective real-world study of 25 mCRPC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib after the progression to standard treatments.The clinical information was extracted from the electronic medical records and 22 patients had targeted circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)next-generation sequencing.Statistical analysis showed that 6(24.0%)patients experienced prostate-specific antigen(PSA)response and 11(44.0%)patients experienced PSA reduction.The relationship between ctDNA findings and outcomes was also analyzed.DNA-damage repair(DDR)pathways and homologous recombination repair(HRR)pathway defects indicated a comparatively longer PSA-progressionfree survival(PSA-PFS;2.5 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.027;3.3 months vs 1.2 months,P=0.017;respectively).This study introduces the PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib as a late-line therapeutic strategy for terminal mCRPC.PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib may be a new treatment choice for terminal mCRPC patients with DDR or HRR pathway defects and requires further investigation.

CAR-T cell therapy:Where are we now,and where are we heading?

Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T-cell therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies,with 9 CAR-T-cell products currently available.Furthermore,CAR-T cells have shown promising potential for expanding their therapeutic applications to diverse areas,including solid tumors,myocardial fibrosis,and autoimmune and infectious diseases.Despite these advancements,significant challenges pertaining to treatment-related toxic reactions and relapses persist.Consequently,current research efforts are focused on addressing these issues to enhance the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells and reduce the relapse rate.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the present state of CAR-T-cell therapies,including their achievements,existing challenges,and potential future developments.

Room temperature multicomponent synthesis of diverse propargylamines using magnetic CuFe_2O_4 nanoparticle as an efficient and reusable catalyst

Copper ferrite （CuFe204） nanoparticles catalyzed room temperature multicomponent reaction of aliphatic amines, formaldehyde, arylboronic acids and alkynyl carboxylic acids was reported for the synthesis of diverse propargylamines with good to excellent yields. The catalyst can be magnetically recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity.