Observation of trapped and passing runaway electrons by infrared camera in the EAST tokamak

In EAST,synchrotron radiation is emitted by runaway electrons in the infrared band,which can be observed by infrared cameras.This synchrotron radiation is mainly emitted by passing runaway electrons with tens of MeV energy.A common feature of radiation dominated by passing runaway electrons is that it is strongest on the high field side.However,the deeply trapped runaway electrons cannot reach the high field side in principle.Therefore,in this case,the high field side radiation is expected to be weak.This paper reports for the first time that the synchrotron radiation from trapped runaway electrons dominates that from passing runaway electrons and is identifiable in an image.Although the synchrotron radiation dominated by trapped runaway electrons can be observed in experiment,the proportion of trapped runaway electrons is very low.

Value-added anticancer reactivity of sub-5 nm Ag-drug nanoparticles derived from organosilver (Ⅰ) MOF

A totally structure-determined organosilver(I) metal-oganic framework(MOF) of [{Ag_(18)(CF_3COO)_(18)(H_2O)_2}{Ag_4(erlotinib)_4}]_n·7nCH_3OH·3nH_2O(1) was first synthesized by the self-assembly of erlotinib drug ligand and silver salts in the study. 1 formed a NbO-like 3D network, which was built from Ag(I)-erlotinib induced chains and 18-core silver(I) nanoclusters. When 1 was dispersed in methanol solution, it formed derivative nanoparticles(1-NPs) with the average size of 3.81 nm. Silver(Ⅰ) ion is an efficient reactive oxygen species(ROS) evocator, whereas the erlotinib ligand possesses the targeting activity towards tumor cells. Therefore, IC_(50) values of 1-NPs for A549 and MRC-5 cells were respectively 0.97 and 7.28 μM, which were lower than IC_(50) value of erlotinib. It should be noted that the 7.5-fold higher inhibition effect on A549 cells allows 1-NPs to be a potential targeting anticancer drug for curing lung cancer. The study opens a new avenue to design anticancer drugs based on organosilver(I)MOF derivatives that can realize the value-added reactivity by combining clinical drugs with ROS-inductive silver(Ⅰ) ion.