Reverse gate leakage mechanism of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Au-free gate

The reverse gate leakage mechanism of W-gate and Ti N-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs)with N2plasma surface treatment is investigated using current–voltage(I–V)and capacitance–voltage(C–V)characteristics and theoretical calculation analysis.It is found that the main reverse gate leakage mechanism of both devices is the trapassisted tunneling(TAT)mechanism in the entire reverse bias region(-30 V to 0 V).It is also found that the reverse gate leakage current of the W-gate Al GaN/GaN HEMTs is smaller than that of the TiN gate at high reverse gate bias voltage.Moreover,the activation energies of the extracted W-gate and Ti N-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are 0.0551 e V–0.127 eV and0.112 eV–0.201 eV,respectively.

Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from patient-matched esophageal carcinoma,adjacent noncancerous tissues and urine

BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between esophageal cancer(EC)and perturbed urinary metabolomic profiles,but none has described the correlation between urine metabolite profiles and those of the tumor and adjacent esophageal mucosa in the same patient.AIM To investigate how urinary metabolic phenotypes were linked to the changes in the biochemical landscape of esophageal tumors.METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics were applied to esophageal tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosal tissues alongside patient-matched urine samples.RESULTS Analysis revealed that specific metabolite changes overlapped across both metrics,including glucose,glutamate,citrate,glycine,creatinine and taurine,indicating that the networks for metabolic pathway perturbations in EC,potentially involved in but not limited to disruption of fatty acid metabolism,glucose and glycolytic metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutaminolysis.Additionally,changes in most urinary biomarkers correlated with changes in biomarker candidates in EC tissues,implying enhanced energy production for rapid cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Overall,these associations provide evidence for distinct metabolic signatures and pathway disturbances between the tumor tissues and urine of EC patients,and changes in urinary metabolic signature could reflect reprogramming of the aforementioned metabolic pathways in EC tissues.Further investigation is needed to validate these initial findings using larger samples and to establish the underlying mechanism of EC progression.

The properties of Sn-Zn-Al-La fusible alloy for mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors

The Al and La elements are added to the Sn9Zn alloy to obtain the fusible alloy for the mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), metallographic analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), tensile testing and fracture analysis were used to study the effect of Al and La elements on the microstructure, melting characteristics, and mechanical properties of the Sn9Zn alloy. Whether the fusible diaphragm can effectively relieve pressure was investigated by the hydrostatic pressure at high-temperature test. Experimental results show that the melting point of the Sn9Zn-0.8Al0·2La and Sn9Zn-3Al0·2La fusible alloys can meet the predetermined working temperature of ventilation. The mechanical properties of those are more than 35% higher than that of the Sn9Zn alloy at-50°C-70°C, and the mechanical strength is reduced by 80% at 175°C. It is proven by the hydrostatic pressure at high-temperature test that the fusible diaphragm can relieve pressure effectively and can be used for the design of the mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors.

Rapid aerobic granulation using biochar for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater

Aerobic granular sludge technology has great potential for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater.However,strategies to shorten the granulation time and improvement the stability still need to be developed.In this work,biochar was prepared from waste petroleum activated sludge(biochar-WPS) and used in a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater.Biochar-WPS presented the surface area of 229.77 m2/g,pore volume of 0.28 cm3/g,H/C and O/C atomic ratios of 0.42 and 0.21,respectively.The porous structure and a high degree of hydrophilicity were found to facilitate microbial colonization and adhesion as well as particle aggregation.Application of biochar-WPS resulted in the formation of more substantial and stable aerobic granules(~66% of granules> 0.46 mm diameter) 15 days earlier compared with the control.The addition of biochar-WPS enhanced the average removal efficiency of chemical organic demand(~3%),oil(~4%)and total nitrogen(~10%) over the control.Increased microbial richness and diversity were observed within the formed granules and had an increased(~4%) proportion of denitrifying bacteria.These results indicate that an aerobic granulation mechanism using biochar-WPS is a feasible option for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater.

LINC01614 expression in gastric cancer and its prognostic value based on bioinformatics analyses

Objective:To identify the potential role and prognostic value of LINC01614 in gastric cancer. Methods: qRT-PCR was applied to analyze the LINC01614 expression in gastric cancer tissue and paired adjacent normal tissue, and gastric cell line. And the RNA-Seq data downloaded from the TCGA and GEO database was employed to analyze and validate the LINC01614 expression in gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue. And the analyses of relationship between LINC01614 expression level and clinical features was done to clarify the role of LINC01614 in gastric cancer. The survival analysis was used to identify the prognostic value of LINC01614. And the pathways that LINC01614 may enroll was predicted.Results: The qRT-PCR showed that LINC01614 was increased in gastric cancer tissue and gastric cancer cell line (P < 0.005). And the expression of LINC01614 was significantly different in cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue according to datasets analyses (P < 0.001). And it was found that LINC01614 expression was significantly correlated with histologic grade and residual tumor (P = 0.0177 and 0.0218, respectively). Survival analysis indicated that low expression of LINC01614 patients have longer overall survival than high expression one (HR = 1.520, 95% CI: 1.094 ~ 2.110). After all, enriched pathways showed that LINC01614 may act in carcinogenesis through various pathways.Conclusions: LINC01614 is high expressed in gastric cancer and high expression of LINC01614 is related to poor prognosis. LINC01614 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.