我国生物医药领域中生物医学新技术发展及管理现状的思考

生物医药领域在不断发展的同时,对相关技术的需求也在不断提升。生物医学新技术是一类作用于细胞或分子水平的新兴的生物医学技术,是支撑生物医学发展的有力保障。作为一种新的试验性治疗方法,其收益和风险尚需足够的研究检验。我国生物医学新技术近年在相关政策支持下取得了巨大的成就,但该技术目前还存在定义模糊、风险监管缺失等问题。本文介绍了不同领域中生物医学新技术的定义,以生物医药领域中的生物医学新技术为对象,分析我国现有生物医学新技术市场发展和管理现状,以及相关生物技术伴随的风险,并对监管体系提出相应建议。

Quantitatively probing interactions between membrane with adaptable wettability and oil phase in oil/water separation

The membrane method based on adaptive wettability shows great advantages in oil-water separation.At present,researches focus on the excellent application performance of the membrane material,while the quantitative analysis of interactions in oil-water separation is rarely recognized.Herein,we constructed an adaptable wettability membrane with multiple polymer networks by polydopamine(PDA)and mussel-inspired amphiphilic polymer.Based on the Owens three-probe liquid method,the surface energy of the modified membrane was verified to meet the adaptive wettability conditions,with surface energies(γ-8)of 147.6 mJ m^(−2)(superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic)and 49.87 mJ m^(−2)(superhydrophobic/superoleophobic),respectively.The adhesion or repulsion of the membrane to the oil phase under different conditions during the separation process was quantified by the chemical probe AFM technique.In addition,the oil-water selective separation mechanism was further analyzed in a simplified membrane microchannel model.The results show that the different wetting produces capillary additional pressure in opposite directions,resulting in different energies to be overcome when the oil or water passes through the microchannels,thus achieving selective separation.

Bilateral and symmetric C1-C2 dumbbell ganglioneuromas associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report

BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma(GN) is a rare and benign tumor that originates from autonomic nervous system ganglion cells. The most frequently involved sites are the posterior mediastinum, the abdominal cavity, and the retroperitoneal space. It rarely occurs in the cervical area, compressing the spinal cord. Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1) is an autosomal dominant inheritance disorder, whose prevalence rate approximates one per 3000.CASE SUMMARY We report an extremely rare case of bilateral and symmetric dumbbell GNs of the cervical spine with NF-1. A 27-year-old man with NF-1 presented with a one-year history of gradually progressive right upper extremity weakness and numbness in both hands. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral and symmetric dumbbell lesions at the C1-C2 levels compressing the spinal cord. We performed total resection of bilateral tumors, and the postoperative histopathological diagnosis of the resected mass was GN. After operation, the preoperative symptoms were gradually relieved without complications. To our knowledge,this is the sixth report of cervical bilateral dumbbell GNs.CONCLUSION In some cases, cervical bilateral dumbbell GNs could be associated with NF-1.The exact diagnosis cannot be obtained before operation, and pathological outcome is the current gold standard. Surgical resection is the most effective option, and disease outcome is generally good after treatment.

Effect of the number of irradiation holes on rock breaking under constant laser energy

The use of mechanical drilling in accessing energy resources stored in deep and hard rock formations is becoming increasingly challenging.Thus,laser irradiation has emerged as a novel drilling method with considerable in this context.This study examines the variation of rock fracture length,fracture tortuosity,hole size,and rock breaking efficiency for a different number of holes and laser power,based on the constant total energy of laser irradiation.As indicated by the results,increasing the laser power increases the laser intensity,which helps increase the hole diameter and depth.Moreover,for the same laser power,increasing the number of irradiated holes reduces the laser energy absorbed by each hole,which is not conducive to increasing the hole depth.As the number of holes increases,the mass loss of the rock also increases,while both specific energy(SE)and modified specific energy(MSE)decrease.When the number of holes remains the same,the mass of the shale removed by low power is less than that removed by high power,while SE and MSE have an inverse relation with power.Therefore,high laser power and multiple-hole irradiation are more conducive to rock breaking.Besides,the fracture length and fracture tortuosity of the rock irradiated by the low laser power will increase first and then decrease with the increase in the number of holes,and reach the peak value when the irradiation takes place through three holes.When a high-power laser irradiates the rock,the fracture length and tortuosity will increase with the increase in the number of irradiation holes.This is because a rock irradiated by low power dissipates more energy,with the result that the energy absorbed by the sample with four irradiation holes is not enough to break the rock quickly.This study is expected to provide some guidance to break rock for drilling deep reservoirs and hard rock formations using laser irradiation.

Comparison of three kinds of polarized Bessel vortex beams propagating through uniaxial anisotropic media

A comparison of differently polarized Bessel vortex beams propagating through a uniaxial anisotropic slab is discussed in terms of the vector wave function expansions.The magnitude profiles of electric field components, the transformation of polarization modes, and the distributions of orbital angular momentum(OAM) states of the reflected and transmitted beams for different incident angles are numerically simulated.The results indicate that the magnitude profiles of electric field components for different polarization modes are distinct from each other and have a great dependence on the incident angle,thus the transformation of polarization modes which reflects the change of energy can be affected largely.As compared to the x and circular polarization incidences, the reflected and transmitted beams for the radial polarization incidence suffer the fewest transformation of polarization modes, showing a better energy invariance.The distributions of OAM states of the reflected and transmitted beams for different polarization modes are diverse as well, and the derived OAM states of the transmitted beam for radial polarization present a focusing effect, concentrating on the state between two predominant OAM states.

Probing the effect of Young's modulus on the plugging performance of micro-nano-scale dispersed particle gels

The effect of mechanical strength of the dispersed particle gel(DPG)on its macro plugging performance is significant,however,little study has been reported.In this paper,DPG particles with different mechanical strengths were obtained by mechanical shearing of bulk gels prepared with different formula.Young’s moduli of DPG particles on the micro and nano scales were measured by atomic force microscope for the first time.The mapping relationship among the formula of bulk gel,the Young’s moduli of the DPG particles and the final plugging performance were established.The results showed that when the Young’s moduli of the DPG particles increased from 82 to 328 Pa,the plugging rate increased significantly from 91.46%to 97.10%due to the distinctly enhanced stacking density and strength at this range.While when the Young’s moduli of the DPG particles surpassed 328 Pa,the further increase of plugging rate with the Young’s moduli of the DPG particles became insignificant.These results indicated that the improvement of plugging rate was more efficient by adjusting the Young’s moduli of the DPG particles within certain ranges,providing guidance for improving the macroscopic application properties of DPG systems in reservoir heterogeneity regulation.

具有温敏导电多重响应的智能磁性颗粒制备及性能

通过两步自由基聚合制备了PANI/P(St-NIPAM)/Fe3O4温敏导电磁性复合颗粒并研究了其导电性能.首先以改性四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)、苯乙烯(St)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)共聚制备出P(St-NIPAM)/Fe3O4颗粒,然后进行苯胺吸附与氧化聚合制备出PANI/P(St-NIPAM)/Fe3O4导电复合颗粒.用扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)和红外(IR)等测试表征颗粒,结果表明复合颗粒具有核壳结构,聚苯胺在颗粒中的含量依赖于NIPAM的投料比.动态光散射(DLS)结果表明颗粒尺寸对温度具有响应性,复合颗粒同时拥有磁性和导电性.复合颗粒的电导率研究表明颗粒的导电性可以通过组成调控,在恒定单体投料比的情况下,随着颗粒中聚合物与Fe3O4重量比从1:1增加到10:1,颗粒溶液25°C时的电导率从58.4μS/cm上升到860μS/cm;在恒定单体总量与磁性颗粒重量比为10:1的情况下,随着NIPAM/St比例从2 mol%增加到10 mol%,颗粒溶液电导率从698μS/cm增加到1120μS/cm.与25°C的样品相比,在50°C下颗粒溶液的电导率均明显下降,显示出明显的温度响应性;这种性能对发展温度响应的智能电子材料具有重要意义.

Novel Mutations in Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 Gene in a Chinese Patient with Lipoid Proteinosis

Lipoid proteinosis （LP,OMIM 247100）,also known as Urbach-Wiethe disease or lipoidosis cutis et mucosae,was first described by Urbach and Wiethe in 1929.It is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by hoarseness from early infancy,distinctive skin and neurological manifestations,and cutaneous lesions.It affects mucosal membranes of the upper respiratory tract,upper digestive tract,central nervous system,lymph nodes,and striated muscles.Hamada identified the genetic defect to be a loss-of-function mutation or reduced expression of the gene encoding extracellular matrix protein 1 （ECM1） on chromosome lq21 in 2002.So far,approximately,300 cases have been reported.This article reported a case with clinical and molecular findings compatible with LP.

Differential Diagnosis of Two Chinese Families with Dyschromatoses by Targeted Gene Sequencing

Background： The dyschromatoses are a group of disorders characterized by simultaneous hyperpigmented macules together with hypopigmented macules. Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria （DUH） and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria are two major types. While clinical and histological presentations are similar in these two diseases, genetic diagnosis is critical in the differential diagnosis of these entities. Methods： Three patients initially diagnosed with DUH were included. The gene test was carried out by targeted gene sequencing. All mutations detected on ADAR1 and ABCB6 genes were analyzed according to the frequency in control database, the mutation types, and the published evidence to determine the pathogenicity. Results： Family pedigree and clinical presentations were reported in 3 patients from two Chinese families. All patients have prominent cutaneous dyschromatoses involving the whole body without systemic complications. Different pathogenic genes in these patients with similar phenotype were identified： One novel mutation on AD,4RI （c. 1325C〉G） and one recurrent mutation in ABCB6 （c. 1270T〉C）, which successfully distinguished two diseases with the similar phenotype. Conclusion： Targeted gene sequencing is an effective tool for genetic diagnosis in pigmentary skin diseases.

Identification of a Novel Mutation in Solute Carrier Family 29, Member 3 in a Chinese Patient with H Syndrome

Background：H syndrome （OMIM 612391） is a recently described autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by indurated hyperpigmented and hypertrichotic skin,as well as other systemic manifestations.Most of the cases occurred in the Middle East areas or nearby countries such as Spain or India.The syndrome is caused by mutations in solute carrier family 29,member 3 （SLC29A3）,the gene encoding equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3.The aim of this study was to identify pathogenic SLC29A 3 mutations in a Chinese patient clinically diagnosed with H syndrome.Methods：Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patient and his parents.Genomic DNA was isolated by the standard method.All six SLC29A3 exons and their flanking intronic sequences were polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-amplified and the PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing.Results：The patient,an 18-year-old man born to a nonconsanguineous Chinese couple,had more extensive cutaneous lesions,involving both buttocks and knee.In his genomic DNA,we identified a novel homozygous insertion-deletion,c.1269_1270delinsA,in SLC29A3.Both of his parents were carriers of the mutation.Conclusions：We have identified a pathogenic mutation in a Chinese patient with H syndrome.

Characterizations and Photothermal Properties of Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Photothermal therapy(PTT)is a minimally invasive treatment that kills cancer cells by converting photon energy into heat.The past few decades have witnessed the booming development of photothermal materials,mainly focusing on precious metal nanomaterials and carbon nanomaterials,such as nanogold and silver and nanocarbon materials for near-infrared(NIR)light-triggered PTF.As precious metals are expensive and potentially harmful to humans,exploration and development of a new type of photothermal materials has become a research hotspot in this field.Herein,we report narrow bandgap conjugated polymer nanoparticles(PDPP NPs)based on pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione(DPP)with intense NIR absorption at 900 nm,as well as a photothermal energy conversion efficiency of 75%.This polymer nanoparticle is essentially non-toxic,as the cell viability of mouse remained more than 90%,even when the concentration of PDPP NPs was at 0.5 mg·mL^-1.

In Situ Capture of a Ternary Supramolecular Cluster in a 58-Nuclei Silver Supertetrahedron

Although inorganic anion templates are highly appreciated in the synthesis of nanosized silver clusters,supramolecular clusters used as templates to mold silver nanoclusters remain as-yet-unknown due to their existence as volatile forms in solution.Here,we report the synthesis of a novel silver-thiolate nanocluster(SD/Ag58a),comprising an outer tetrahedral cage of 58 silver atoms and a central supramolecular cluster[CH_(3)OH@(SO_(4))_(4)(H_(2)O)6]8−(hereafter abbreviated as CS_(4)H_(6)).Ternary CS_(4)H_(6) cluster was constructed from an(SO_(4))_(4) tetrahedron encaging one CH_(3)OH molecule inside and six water molecules sitting between paired SO_(4)^(2−)ions to form the[SO_(4)…H_(2)O…SO_(4)]hydrogen bonds(H-bonds).Also,the CS4H6 could coordinate to the inner wall of the Ag58 cage by forming Ag-O bonds,exerting templating effect on the formation of SD/Ag58a.Moreover,SD/Ag58a showed a photocurrent response upon visible light irradiation and emitted luminescence in the near-infrared(NIR)region at a cryogenic temperature.This work exemplifies the ternary supramolecule templating effect in the construction of silver nanocluster and facilitates understanding of the structure of complex solvated anion cluster in atomic precision.

Tunable patterning of microscale particles using a surface acoustic wave device with slanted-finger interdigital transducers

Polymer-based materials with patterned functional particles have been used to develop smart devices with multiple functionalities.This paper presents a novel method to pattern microscale particles into biocompatible polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PEGDA)fluid through a designed surface acoustic wave(SAW)device with slanted-finger interdigital transducers(SFITs).By applying signals of different frequencies,the SFITs can excite SAWs with various wavelengths to pattern the microscale particles.The structural design and working principle of the SAW device with SFITs are firstly presented.To investigate the generation of standing SAWs and pressure field distributions of the SAW device with SFITs,a numerical model was developed.Simulation results showed that different strip-shape patterned pressure fields can be generated,and the period and width of adjacent strips can be adjusted by changing the frequencies of the excitation signals.Experiments were performed to verify that the microscale particles in the PEGDA solution can be successfully patterned into strip-shape patterns with various positions,periods,and widths.The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the developed method of using an SAW device with SFITs can be used for tunable patterning of microscale particles in solutions,and shows great potential for biomedical and microfluidic applications.