Long noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: From molecular dissection to clinical application

Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are important regulators of cell processes that are usually dysregulated in gastric cancer(GC).Based on their high specificity and ease of detection in tissues and body fluids,increasing attention has spurred the study of the roles of lncRNAs in GC patients.Thus,it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and further explore the clinical applications of lncRNAs in GC.In this review,we summarize current knowledge to examine dysregulated lncRNAs in GC and their underlying molecular mechanisms and activities in GC,which involve microRNA sponging,mRNA stability,genetic variants,alternative splicing,transcription factor binding,and epigenetic modification.More significantly,the potential of lncRNAs as prognostic,circulating,and drug-resistant biomarkers for GC is also described.This review highlights the method of dissecting molecular mechanisms to explore the clinical application of lncRNAs in GC.Overall,this review offers assistance in using lncRNAs as novel candidates for molecular mechanisms and for the identification of revolutionary biomarkers for GC.

Research progress of long non-coding RNA in dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a type of composite cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular,right ventricular or double ventricular enlargement and diastolic dysfunction caused by genetic and non-genetic causes,with a high incidence,High mortality,gradual rejuvenation,etc.,are common types of cardiomyopathy.With the progressive development of the disease,it can cause arrhythmia,severe heart failure,thromboembolism,and even sudden death.Currently,there is no effective treatment plan,and the high mortality rate is a major problem in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Long-chain non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are a class of RNAs with a molecular mass of more than 200 bt and which are not involved or rarely involved in protein coding.Studies have shown that lncRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of DCM.Finding relevant clinical diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is the current research focus in the field of DCM.This article reviews the mechanism and research progress of lncRNAs in the occurrence and development of DCM,and aims to provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of DCM.

A high time resolution and low-power ASIC for MRPC applications

Purpose The structure of readout circuits needs to be improved to meet the requirements of the endcap time of flight upgrade with multi-gap resistive plate chamber(MRPC)in Beijing SpectrometerⅢexperiments,posing a demand for the high time resolution and low-power electronics.Methods Considering MRPC features,an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)called FEEWAVE,which integrates the front-end circuit and digitization function,is proposed to meet the above requirements.The front-end circuit implements I/V conversion and signal amplification.To reduce power consumption and further improve the time resolution,the waveform sampling technique based on switch capacitor array is adopted.Results and conclusion A 30 fC to 1.2 pC input signal dynamic range is obtained,and the jitter is less than 21 ps rms.At the same time,the chip realizes 5 GSPS(gigabit samples per second)sampling rate,trigger rate capability of 50 kHz and 25 mW/channel power consumption.The 6-channel ASIC has been designed and taped out with 0.18μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology.The preliminary test results of FEEWAVE have been achieved.

Reliability study of custom designed ADC for the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory

Objective The Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory(JUNO)is the largest and most precise liquid scintillator detector under construction in the south of China.The front-end readout electronics system will be installed very close to the photomultiplier tubes under water.Therefore,the system’s absolute reliability is mandatory.As an important piece,the failure rate of the custom designed analog-to-digital convertor(ADC)must be measured.Methods The Arrhenius High Temperature Operating Life(HTOL)model is usually used to calculate the standard reliability value failure rate(λ).A temperature acceleration test of the ADC is performed with a 115℃ambient temperature based on a custom aging system.The performance of ADC is compared before and after aging,and the most significant bit(MSB)of the digital output is monitored during the test.Results The result of a 2400-hour-long test shows that there were no failures.The upper limit of the failure rate is calculated as 5.8FIT,which can be added to the failure rate of other components to meet the overall failure rate requirements(84FIT).Conclusion With the test system,we established a method based on the HTOL model to obtain the upper limit of the ADC reliability for overall failure rate calculation in JUNO.This method can be applied to the reliability measurement for any other custom designed ADC.This experiment can be repeated with a new set of parameters to get a satisfactory failure rate according to other overall system requirements.