Study on damage-stress loss coupling model of rock and prestressed anchor cable in dry-wet environment

The loss of anchoring force is one of the problems to be solved urgently.The anchorage loss is a key factor causing the failure of anchoring engineering,so it is crucial to study the time-dependent variation of anchoring force.Alternating dry and wet(D-W)conditions have a significant effect on deformation of rock.The anchoring system is composed of anchoring components and rock mass,and thus rock deformation has a significant impact on the loss of anchoring force.Quantifying rock deformation under the effects of D-W cycles is a prerequisite to understanding the factors that influence loss of anchoring force in anchor bolts.In this study,we designed an anchoring device that enabled real-time monitoring of the variation in strain during D-W periods and rock testing.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements showed that under D-W conditions,the increment in porosity was smaller for prestressed rock than unstressed rock.The trends of prestress loss and strain variation are consistent,which can be divided into three characteristic intervals:rapid attenuation stage,slow attenuation stage and relatively stable stage.At the same stress level,the rate of stress loss and strain for the soaking specimen was the highest,while that of the dried specimen was the lowest.In the same D-W cycling conditions,the greater the prestress,the smaller the strain loss rate of the rock,especially under soaking conditions.The characteristics of pore structure and physical mechanical parameters indicated that prestress could effectively suppress damage caused by erosion related to D-W cycles.The study reveals the fluctuation behavior of rock strain and prestress loss under D-W conditions,providing a reference for effectively controlling anchoring loss and ideas for inventing new anchoring components.

Skin Toxicity of Wufang Babu Ointment to Zebrafish

[Objectives]Using wild-type AB strain of zebrafish as experimental animal,this study investigated the damaging effect of Wufang Babu Ointment on skin cells,in order to evaluate the skin toxicity of Wufang Babu Ointment.[Methods]Wild-type AB strain of zebrafish with an age of 2 d were taken and fed in different concentrations of Wufang Babu Ointment solution for 24 h.The number of deaths in each group of zebrafish was recorded,and the mortality rate was calculated.Using Origin 8.0 software,the maximum non lethal concentration(MNLC)was simulated.Zebrafish raised in different concentrations of Wufang Babu Ointment solution for 24 h were placed under an anatomical microscope for taking photos,to analyze and calculate the incidence of skin damage in zebrafish.Based on the statistical analysis results of this indicator,the skin toxicity of Wufang Babu Ointment was evaluated.[Results]The MNLC of Wufang Babu Ointment on zebrafish was 671μg/mL;Wufang Babu Ointment can induce skin damage at the concentrations of 224μg/mL(1/3 MNLC)and 671μg/mL(MNLC).[Conclusions]Wufang Babu Ointment had certain skin toxicity to zebrafish.

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination.[Methods]The L9(34)orthogonal test was carried out,the comprehensive scores of ginsenoside Rb1 content,notoginsenoside R1 content,tanshinone I content and saikosaponin A content in the compound extract were used as evaluation indicators to explore the effects of water addition,the water addition,decoction time and decoction times on the water extraction process,and verification tests were carried out.[Results]The optimized water extraction process was as follows:adding 9 times of water in the first extraction,and extracting for 90 min;adding 7 times of water in the second extraction,and extracting for 60 min;adding 7 times of water in the third extraction,and extracting for 60 min.[Conclusions]The optimized water extraction process is stable and feasible,and can be used for the extraction of various herbs in Compound Man Gan Ning.It can also provide experimental basis for the formulation development of Compound Man Gan Ning sustained release tablet.

Typical HPLC Chromatogram of Petroleum Ether in Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet from Different Habitats

[Objectives] To study the typical HPLC chromatogram of petroleum ether in Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet from different habitats, in order to provide experimental basis for the quality control of A. indicum and the spectrum-efficacy relationship of petroleum ether.[Methods] The HPLC chromatogram of petroleum ether was obtained using Agilent SB-C 18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) and acetine-0.1% phosphoric acid solution for gradient elution at temperature of 30 ℃, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength of 205 nm.[Results] The typical HPLC chromatogram of petroleum ether in A. indicum was preliminarily established, with 12 characteristic peaks. It was verified by A. indicum from different habitats, characterized by reproducibility and stability.[Conclusions] Typical HPLC chromatogram provides a stable new method for the quality control of petroleum ether in A. indicum . This study provides experimental basis for further study on the medicinal parts of A. indicum .

Effect of Different Processing Methods on Content ofβ-Asarone in the Zhuang Medicine Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii

[Objectives]This paper aims to establish a method to simultaneously determine the content ofβ-asarone in Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii dried by three different methods.[Methods]Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used,and the chromatographic conditions were as follows:column,Thermo SCIENTIFIC Hypersil GOLD Dim.(mm);mobile phase,methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid(63∶37);column temperature,30℃;flow rate,1mL/min;detection wavelength,257 nm;sample size,10μL.[Results]The linear range of the injection volume ofβ-asarone was 49.28-246.40μg/mL(R=0.9993);the limit of quantification was 0.85 ng and the detection limit was 0.34 ng;the RSD values of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all less than 3%;and the sample recovery rate was 98.53%-98.97%(RSD<3.00).The results show that the content ofβ-asarone was highest in shade-dried Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii.The order ofβ-asarone content was as follows:Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii dried in shade>Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii dried at 55℃>Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii dried at 60℃.[Conclusions]This method is sensitive,reliable,and reproducible.It can be used to simultaneously determine the content ofβ-asarone in Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii dried by three different methods.

Long-term Toxicity of Maxing Erchen Zhike Granules

[Objectives]To study the long-term toxicity of Maxing Erchen Zhike granules to rats after intragastric administration,so as to provide reference for its preclinical safety evaluation.[Methods]Total 80 rats were randomly and evenly divided into high-dose group(1.2 mL/100 g,120 g/kg),middle-dose group(96.0 g/kg),low-dose group(72.0 g/kg)and blank control group.The rats in the treatment groups were administered with corresponding doses of Maxing Erchen Zhike granules,and those in the blank control group were given with equal-amount normal saline.The administration lasted for 30 consecutive days.During the experiment,the rats'feed intake,activity,feces and other conditions and toxicity reactions were observed every day.After 24 h of the last administration,12 rats(half male and half female)were randomly selected from each group.Each of the rats was anesthetized with 10%chloral hydrate solution(0.3 mL/100 g)through intraperitoneal injection and subjected to abdominal aorta blood collection(two tubes)for hematological examination and blood biochemical examination(serum).Then,the main organs of the rats were weighed,and pathological examinations were performed.After that,the main organs were weighed and pathological examination was performed.The remaining rats in each group were discontinued and observed for 14 d.On the 15th d,they were subjected to the same treatment,and the body weight,organ coefficients,hematological indices,blood biochemical indices and pathological indices were examined.[Results]After 30 d of administration,there was no abnormality in the appearance and behavior of the animals.There was no significant difference in the daily consumption of feed among the groups,and there was no special case of weight gain.Among the blood biochemical indices,the ALB and ALT levels of each administration group were significantly different from those of the blank control group(P<0.05).The results of histopathological examination show that there was one case of interstitial pneumonia in each of the high-dose group,middle-dose group and blank control group.After 14 d that the administration was stopped,one case of focal myocarditis appeared in the high-dose group,and one case of interstitial pneumonia appeared in the middle-dose group.[Conclusions]Maxing Erchen Zhike granules are safe to be administered to rats at 100 times the clinical dose.and there should be no safety hazards clinically when used at conventional doses.

Preliminary Study on Quality Analysis of Guangxi Zhuang Medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance

[Objectives]To establish a quality analysis method for Guangxi Zhuang medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance.[Methods]The moisture,total ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials were determined in accordance with the inspection method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015).[Results]The 10 batches of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials from different origins and different collection times in Guangxi all had the same plant morphology and medicinal properties.The moisture content was 5.69%-10.51%,the total ash content was 5.50%-8.61%,the acid-insoluble ash content was 0.42%-0.78%,and the extract was 15.28%-20.75%.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials and the establishment of its quality standards.

Quality Standard Research of Shenqi Qiangjing Granules

[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Shenqi Qiangjing granules and to conduct routine inspection of granular dosage forms.[Methods]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were detected.Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were all in line with the relevant regulations of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020 edition).Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis had clear fluorescent spots in TLC assay,and no such spots were found in negative control.[Conclusions]The method has the advantages of simple operation,accurate and reliable results,strong specificity and good repeatability,and can effectively control the quality of Shenqi Qiangjing granules.

Determination of the Content of Five Active Components in Toad Skin

[Objectives] To establish a method for the determination of active components in toad skin. [Methods] HPLC method was used to determine the content of five active components (bufotalin, cinobufotalin, bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin) in toad skin. [Results] Chromatographic conditions are as follows: Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column was used;acetonitrile (A)-0.3% glacial acetic acid (B) gradient elution (0-15 min, 28%A-54%A;15-35 min, 54%A-54%A) was conducted;the flow rate was 0.6 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 296 nm;the column temperature was 30 ℃;the sample size was 10 μL. Under the above conditions, the determination method of the five components can be established at one time. [Conclusions] The method was stable and reliable, and can provide experimental basis for the development and utilization of active ingredients in toad skin.

Quality Standard of Fuyang Wenshen Granules

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Fuyang Wenshen Granules and carry out the routine examination of granule type.[Methods]The particle size,water content,solubility,loading difference and microbial limit of Fuyang Wenshen Granules were examined,and TLC was used for qualitative identification of Astmgali Radix and Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma.[Results]The particle size,water content,solubility,loading difference,and microbial limit of Fuyang Wenshen Granules complied with the relevant provisions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020).The TLC spots of Astmgali Radix and Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma were clearly colored,and negative had no interference.[Conclusions]The method was simple,accurate,reliable,specific and reproducible,and can effectively control the quality of Fuyang Wenshen Granules.

Effects of Different Processed Products of Radix Codonopsis on Intestinal Flora of Rats with Spleen Deficiency

[Objectives]This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency.[Methods]Rat models with spleen deficiency were established by bitter-cold purgation method with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.Normal group,model group,Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis group,rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fired Radix Codonopsis group were designed.After subjecting to corresponding treatments,the changes in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats were detected.[Results]There was no significant change in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats in the normal group and model group.The rats in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased,and the quantity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococci reduced.The rats in the Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis groups,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased(the increases were smaller than those in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group),and the abundance of E.coli and Staphylococci reduced,close to normal levels.[Conclusions]Different processed products of Radix Codonopsis have obvious regulation effect on intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency,and the regulation effect of rice-fried Radix Codonopsis on rats with spleen deficiency is better than that of Radix Codonopsis,fried Radix Codonopsis,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis.

Extraction Process and Content Determination of Caffeic Acid in Laggera alata from Different Production Areas of Guangxi

[Objectives] To establish a method for determining the content of Laggera alata( D. Don) Sch. Bip. Ex Oliv. using caffeic acid the target component,and to compare the content of caffeic acid in the medicinal materials of L. alata in different production areas of Guangxi.[Methods]The content was determined by Inertsil~ODS-3 chromatographic column C_(18)( 4. 60 mm × 250 mm,5 μm,mobile phase: acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid( 22∶ 78),detection wavelength: 320 nm,flow rate: 1. 0 m L/min,column temperature: 30℃,and injection volume: 10 μL. [Results] The caffeic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of injection volume of 0. 025 92-0. 259 2 μg( R =0. 999 5). The average recovery rate was 98. 33%( RSD = 1. 85%). L. alata in different production areas of Guangxi contained the caffeic acid,and there was a great difference in the caffeic acid. L. alata in Baise had the highest content of caffeic acid,while that in Guilin had the lowest content of caffeic acid. [Conclusions]This method can accurately determine the content of caffeic acid and is expected provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of herbal medicine L. alata.

Thin-layer Identification,Extraction Process and Content Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Laggera alata(D.Don)Sch.Bip.ex Oliv.

[Objectives]This paper aims to establish thin-layer identification and content determination method for Laggera alata(D.Don)Sch.Bip.ex Oliv.with chlorogenic acid as the index component and compare the content of chlorogenic acid in L.alata from different places in Guangxi.[Methods]Silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate was used for identification under an ultraviolet lamp(365 nm),with butyl acetate-formic acid-water(V∶V∶V=7∶2.5∶2.5)as a developing agent.The content of chlorogenic acid was determined under the following chromatographic conditions:column,Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase,methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid(28∶72);detection wavelength,329 nm;flow rate,1.0 mL/min;column temperature,25℃;and injection volume,10μL.[Results]Chlorogenic acid can be detected by thin layer chromatography with clear spot and good specificity.Chlorogenic acid showed a good linear relationship in the injection amount range of 0.099-0.99μg(R^(2)=0.9999).The content of chlorogenic acid in L.alata varied greatly among the 10 different producing areas in Guangxi.L.alata produced in Dee Township,Longlin,Baise,Guangxi showed the highest chlorogenic acid content,and that produced in Shangsi County and Pingle County showed the lowest chlorogenic acid content.[Conclusions]This method can effectively identify L.alata and accurately determine the content of chlorogenic acid,thereby providing a scientific basis for the development and utilization of L.alata resources.

Preliminary Study and Quality Analysis of Laggera alata

[Objectives]To establish a method for quality analysis of Laggera alata.[Methods]The water content,total ash and alcohol-soluble extract of Laggera alata were determined according to the method of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Results]Ten batches of Laggera alata from different producing areas and different collection time in Guangxi had the same plant morphology and medicinal properties.The experimental results were as follows:the water content was 5.19%-10.86%;the total ash content was 5.91%-10.74%;the acid-insoluble ash content was 0.44%-0.92%;the extract content was 14.64%-19.95%.[Conclusions]The experimental results can provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of Laggera alata and the establishment of its quality standard.

Study on the Quality Standard of Dujieqing Pill

[Objectives]To establish the quality control method of Dujieqing pills.[Methods]Tangerine peel and Panax notoginseng in Dujieqing pills were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).The content of hesperidin and ginsenoside Rb1 was determined by HPLC.The acetonitrile-aqueous solution was used as mobile phase for gradient elution,the detection wavelength was 203 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 25℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]Under TLC,tangerine peel and P.notoginseng had clear chromatographic spots,good separation effect,and strong specificity and negative samples showed no interference;there was a good linear relationship between hesperidin and ginsenoside Rb1 in the range of 0.838-8.38μg(R2=0.9994)and 0.44-4.4μg(R2=0.9994),respectively;the average recovery(n=9)was 98.90%(RSD=2.31%)and 98.31%(RSD=2.56%),respectively.[Conclusions]The established quality control method is simple,reproducible,accurate and reliable,and can be used for the quality control of Dujieqing pills.

Determination of Benzoylaconitine Compounds in the Decoctions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Heishun Pieces),Trichosanthis Fructus and Their Combination

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the decoctions of Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination.[Methods]Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination were extracted for different time periods,and then grouped.HPLC was performed using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)and acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 30℃,and the sample volume was 20μL.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.[Results]The total amounts of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the single decoction group of Heishun pieces were all significantly different from those in the combined decoction group at corresponding time.[Conclusions]The total content of the benzoylaconitine type increased significantly after the combined decoction of Heishun pieces and Fructus Trichosanthis,which proves the scientificity of"eighteen incompatible medicaments,19 counteraction"in traditional Chinese medicine to some extent.