Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on EAST H-mode plasmas

At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of ECR-heated H-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam injection(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable modes.Furthermore, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. Power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

宫瘤宁辅助治疗子宫肌瘤随机对照试验的系统评价

目的:系统评价宫瘤宁作为辅助疗法治疗子宫肌瘤的有效性和安全性。方法:检索数据库中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science以及中国临床试验注册系统、美国临床试验注册系统中有关宫瘤宁辅助治疗子宫肌瘤的临床随机对照试验。检索时限为各数据库建库至2023年3月20日。对符合纳入排除标准的研究采用“偏倚风险评估工具”进行文献质量评价,采用GRADE工具进行证据质量评价,应用RevMan5.3进行数据分析。结果:最终纳入20项研究,共1907例患者。15项研究的meta分析结果显示,宫瘤宁联合米非司酮在提高有效率方面优于单独使用米非司酮[RR=1.22,95%CI=(1.11,1.33),P<0.001]。因异质性较大,采用随机效应模型对纳入的研究进行合并。在缩小子宫肌瘤体积[MD=−4.09 cm^(3),95%CI(−5.16,−3.02),P<0.001],缩小子宫体积[MD=−23.22 cm^(3),95%C(I−29.10,−17.33),P<0.001],以及降低女性激素水平如孕激素水平、雌激素水平、促卵泡生成激素和促黄体生成激素等方面优于对照组(均P<0.001)。10项研究报告了不良事件。纳入研究的方法质量不高,存在中等偏倚风险。结论:与仅使用西医常规疗法相比,联合使用宫瘤宁在提高有效率方面有一定优势,在缩小子宫肌瘤体积、缩小子宫体积和降低女性激素水平等方面体现出一定优势趋势,但仍需更多质量高且设计严谨的研究进行验证。

Development of multi-band and high-speed visible endoscope diagnostic on EAST with catadioptric optics

A new multi-band and high-speed endoscope diagnostic for the observation of visible light has been successfully developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak.The mirror with an aperture is designed at the head of the optical system.Based on two dichroic mirrors,the system is divided into three imaging mirror groups with different bands,i.e.B(380-500 nm),G(500-580 nm)and R(580-750 nm)bands,and its focal length is 16 mm with a relatively large aperture of D/f=1:4.The spatial resolution is less than 5 mm near the object distance of 1750 mm with the camera NAC ACS-1 M60.This optical system will be used to contrastively study both the spatial distribution and time evolution of different impurities in the same field of view.The experimental results confirm that it can be applied to the recognition of plasma boundary and related physical research.

深度学习模型TAGAN在强对流回波临近预报中的应用

近年来深度学习模型在解决对防灾减灾影响巨大且极具挑战性的临近预报问题的应用中日益增多。本文中,我们把临近预报作为一个时空序列预测的任务,将雷达反射率因子作为试验对象,使用基于对抗神经网络(GAN)优化构建的TAGAN深度学习模型预测未来1小时的雷达回波图像,并且与Rover光流法、基于卷积神经网络的3D U-Net模型进行对比试验。选取2018年全球气象AI挑战赛雷达回波数据集进行训练与测试,检验结果表明TAGAN模型在命中率(POD),虚警率(FAR),临界成功指数(CSI)以及相关系数等多种评分上要优于传统的光流法和对比的3D U-Net深度学习模型,TAGAN模型在以上的检验评分表现出色,并且随预测时间的增加较之传统光流模型效果更优,这为拓展和提升深度学习模型在临近天气预报中的应用提供了参考依据。

Mapping the knowledge of international Chinese medicines treatment on type 2 diabetes:A biblimetrical study

Objective:To uncover and identify the hot topic and frontier of Chinese medicines treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Web of Science TM was searched for published articles for Chinese medicines treatment of T2DM ranging from January 1st,2002 to July 6th,2016.Knowledge maps of the international Chinese medicines treatment of T2DM are visualized by using document cooccurrence analysis and word frequency analysis(Institution and Journal),co-citation clustering analysis(Co-reference),keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis with CiteSpac III,a tool of scientometrics.Results:Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico is the institution with the highest number of published papers that had been cited in this field,while China has four institutions among the top 10.The journal of the highest frequency of co-cited journal was Diabetes Care,a core one in the field.Keywords co-occurrence network was composed of 185 nodes,541 lines,and divided into 10 clusters.Co-citation network of co-reference was composed of 407 nodes,1199 lines,and divided into 20 clusters.Using Chinese medicine to improve insulin resistance and Chinese medicine research on blood glucose control are the hot topics.The frontier contains two aspects:new drugs development and application of intestinal insulin treatment and development and use of traditional Chinese medicine antidiabetic plants.Conclusion:Institutions from China still plays a major role in TCM-focused T2DM studies.The effect of TCM herbs on insulin resistance is the hot topic of the domain.Developing new TCM herbal medicine that regulates incretin effect is the domain frontier.Research on the Chinese medicines treatment of T2DM needs more high-quality evidence to support,and its mechanism requires further exploration.

Compact finite difference schemes for the backward fractional Feynman–Kac equation with fractional substantial derivative

The fractional Feynman-Kac equations describe the distributions of functionals of non-Brownian motion, or anomalous diffusion, including two types called the forward and backward fractional Feynman-Kac equations, where the nonlocal time-space coupled fractional substantial derivative is involved. This paper focuses on the more widely used backward version. Based on the newly proposed approximation operators for fractional substantial derivative, we establish compact finite difference schemes for the backward fractional Feynman-Kac equation. The proposed difference schemes have the q-th(q = 1, 2, 3, 4) order accuracy in temporal direction and fourth order accuracy in spatial direction, respectively. The numerical stability and convergence in the maximum norm are proved for the first order time discretization scheme by the discrete energy method, where an inner product in complex space is introduced. Finally, extensive numerical experiments are carried out to verify the availability and superiority of the algorithms. Also, simulations of the backward fractional Feynman-Kac equation with Dirac delta function as the initial condition are performed to further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Flexible nanoimprint lithography enables high-throughput manufacturing of bioinspired microstructures on warped substrates for efficient III-nitride optoelectronic devices

III-nitride materials are of great importance in the development of modern optoelectronics,but they have been limited over years by low light utilization rate and high dislocation densities in heteroepitaxial films grown on foreign substrate with limited refractive index contrast and large lattice mismatches.Here,we demonstrate a paradigm of high-throughput manufacturing bioinspired microstructures on warped substrates by flexible nanoimprint lithography for promoting the light extraction capability.We design a flexible nanoimprinting mold of copolymer and a two-step etching process that enable high-efficiency fabrication of nanoimprinted compound-eye-like Al2O3 microstructure(NCAM)and nanoimprinted compound-eye-like SiO_(2)microstructure(NCSM)template,achieving a 6.4-fold increase in throughput and 25%savings in economic costs over stepper projection lithography.Compared to NCAM template,we find that the NCSM template can not only improve the light extraction capability,but also modulate the morphology of AlN nucleation layer and reduce the formation of misoriented GaN grains on the inclined sidewall of microstructures,which suppresses the dislocations generated during coalescence,resulting in 40%reduction in dislocation density.This study provides a low-cost,high-quality,and high-throughput solution for manufacturing microstructures on warped surfaces of III-nitride optoelectronic devices.

有机神经形态机器视觉器件及系统

随着有机半导体材料及其器件的快速发展,有机电子学在可穿戴设备、人工智能等发面取得快速发展.有机半导体材料具有成本低、生物相容性好、光谱响应可调、柔性度好等优势,在光电器件等新兴智能感知领域显示出巨大的商业应用潜力,同时也是制造柔性仿生视觉传感器不可或缺的组成部分.本文从有机光电材料分类及用于视觉仿生感知的光电器件层面重点介绍了近年来人工神经形态视觉智能传感系统的研究进展,包括应用较多的视觉触觉多感集成系统.最后阐述了发展有机仿生视觉系统的重要意义与现存挑战以及展望,为将来有机视觉感知应用及多感集成提供可行的研究方向.

可溶性有机正极的自碳化保证其在钠离子电池中的稳定应用

为了解决小分子有机正极在钠离子电池(SIBs)中的溶解问题,我们提出了一种有效的有机电极表面自碳化策略,并制备了新型可溶性小分子有机化合物NTCDI-DAQ对该策略进行验证.通过对惰性气氛下碳化温度和碳化时间的精确控制,在NTCDI-DAQ颗粒表面成功形成了厚度为30-40 nm的碳层,可在不影响NTCDI-DAQ电化学行为的前提下,有效消除其溶解问题.在半电池中,NTCDI-DAQ@C在1 A g^(-1)下循环10,000次后仍能保持155 mA h g^(-1)的优异放电容量.在使用Na_(3)Bi为负极的全电池中,NTCDI-DAQ@C可以提供高达245 mA h g^(-1)cathode的峰值放电容量,且在0.1 A g^(-1)下循环200次后仍保持了223 mA h g^(-1)的超稳定容量.据我们所知,NTCDI-DAQ@C是SIBs中最好的小分子有机正极之一,NTCDI-DAQ@C//Na_(3)Bi SIBs的卓越综合性能也可与目前最先进的SIBs相媲美.

Insoluble polyanionic anthraquinones with two strong ionic O–K bonds as stable organic cathodes for pure organic K-ion batteries

A new organic cathode namely potassium 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone(AQ26OK,theoretical capacity(CT)=169 mA h g^(-1))is synthesized and fully characterized for Kion batteries.AQ26OK is called polyanionic organic cathode because it has a polyanionic organic skeleton(-2 valent)and two strong ionic K-O bonds.Consequently,the polyanionic AQ26OK is hardly soluble into most organic liquid electrolytes.In half cells(0.3-3.4 V vs.K^(+)/K)using 1 mol L^(-1) KPF6 in dimethoxyethane,AQ26OK delivers a highly stable specific capacity of 201 mA h g^(-1)@50 mA g^(-1) over 450 cycles(4-month test)and realizes~106 mA h g^(-1) for 3200 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1).Using the reduced state(K4TP)of potassium terephthalate(K2TP)as the organic anode,the resulting K4TP Ⅱ AQ26OK organic potassium-ion batteries can display a highly stable average discharge capacity of 135 mA h g^(-1) cathodeover 250 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1) and~47 mA h g^(-1) for 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1) during the working voltage of 0.01-3.1 V.To the best of our knowledge,AQ26OK is among the best stable cathodes reported for K-ion batteries.

Growth of InGaN-based blue-LED on AlN/sapphire sputtered with different oxygen flow rate

Indium gallium nitride(InGaN)based blue light-emitting diodes(LEDs)suffer from insufficient crystal quality and serious efficiency droop in large forward current.In this paper,the InGaN-based blue LEDs are grown on sputtered aluminum nitride(AlN)films to improve the device light power and weaken the efficiency droop.The effects of oxygen flow rate on the sputtering of AlN films on sapphire and device performance of blue LEDs are studied in detail.The mechanism of external quantum efficiency improvement is related to the change of V-pits density in multiple quantum wells.The external quantum efficiency of 66%and 3-V operating voltage are measured at a 40-mA forward current of with the optimal oxygen flow rate of 4 SCCM.