Effect of defatted flaxseed gum powder addition on the quality of sesame paste

The study explored the influence of defatted flaxseed gum powder(DFGP) on the stability and quality of sesame paste by measuring and analyzing its composition, color, texture, particle size, centrifugal oil separation rate,rheological properties, and microstructure. The results showed that the moisture and polysaccharide content of sesame paste was increased as the DFGP increased. Additionally, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the sesame paste was improved, while the presence of particles with small particle size(1–100 μm) was decreased.The rate of oil precipitation was reduced by 28.99% when the amount of DFGP was 6%. The sesame paste samples exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, demonstrating shear thinning. As the shear rate increased, the apparent viscosity of sesame paste gradually decreased. Both the storage modulus(G’) and the loss modulus(G’’) increased as the shear frequency increased. The microstructure observation revealed that protein and oil were evenly distributed in the sesame paste system, and the addition of DFGP enhanced the bonding between oil and protein.This study can provide valuable references for high-quality sesame paste products in the food industry.

全身抗感染治疗下给予穿刺冲洗和切开引流两种术式治疗哺乳期乳腺脓肿的临床疗效观察

目的研究全身抗感染治疗下穿刺冲洗、切开引流治疗哺乳期乳腺脓肿的价值,为临床治疗提供必要指导.方法随机将2018年5月-2019年5月我院40例哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者分为实验组(20例,应用B超引导下穿刺冲洗治疗)、对照组(20例,应用切开引流治疗).对比两组患者各项临床指标.结果实验组术中出血量为(9.02±1.05)mL、脓腔愈合时间为(10.57±2.38)d、术后VAS评分为(1.67±0.55)分、瘢痕长度为(1.12±0.48)mm,均低于对照组,差异具备统计学研究意义(P<0.05).结论全身抗感染治疗条件下,哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者接受B超引导下穿刺冲洗治疗,疗效确切.

术前细针穿刺洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白在诊断甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移中的应用及影响因素

目的:探讨术前细针穿刺洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白(washout fluid thyroglobulin in fine-needle aspiration,FNA-Tg)在诊断甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)淋巴结转移中的应用及影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2015年9月至2016年12月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院131例经病理证实为PTC且术前进行可疑淋巴结FNA及FNA-Tg测定的患者资料,以细针穿刺、手术病理或随访结果为"金标准",绘制ROC曲线计算FNA-Tg最佳诊断阈值,比较各检测方法(FNA、FNA-Tg和FNA+FNA-Tg)的诊断效能。进一步分析淋巴结解剖学分区、相关实验室指标对FNA-Tg诊断准确性的影响。结果:本研究中FNA-Tg的最佳诊断阈值为1.295 ng/mL。两者联合法诊断效能最佳,灵敏度及特异度分别达96.4%和99.2%。FNA-Tg在诊断侧颈淋巴结转移准确性较好,血清甲状腺球蛋白(serum Tg,sTg)是FNA-Tg>1.295 ng/mL的独立预测因子,OR值为1.018。结论:FNA-Tg是术前诊断PTC淋巴结转移,尤其是侧颈淋巴结转移的重要方法。1.295 ng/mL可以成为最佳诊断阈值的参考值之一,但sTg较高时,FNA-Tg的解读需要谨慎。

Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor MdbHLH3 negatively affects the storage performance of postharvest apple fruit

The storage period of fleshy fruits greatly affects their quality and selection,and is largely controlled by genetic factors.Therefore,it is imperative to elucidate how genetic factors affect fruit ripening and its storage.Here,we evaluated the postharvest storage properties of the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor MdbHLH3-overexpressing transgenic Royal gala apple fruits.During storage,the contents of starch,malic acid,fructose,glucose,and sucrose in fruits of three MdbHLH3 transgenic lines were always higher than those of the wild-type(WT)control.Interestingly,the sugar-acid ratio also showed the same trend during fruit storage.Additionally,the fruit firmness decreased with increasing storage time,and the contents of cell wall components such as water-soluble pectin and cellulose in transgenic fruits were higher than those in control fruits,while the firmness of transgenic fruits was lower than that in WT control fruits.Though the ethylene release rate in both showed the same trend(firstly increasing,then decreasing,and finally peaking)in 90-day stored fruits,transgenic apples had higher ethylene levels than the WT control throughout storage.Furthermore,the activities of membrane peroxidase,antioxidant enzymes,and fruit ripening enzymes in all transgenic fruits were significantly higher than those in the WT control.Thus,our findings show how MdbHLH3 negatively regulates and reduces apple storage time.This may prove useful for not only developing biotechnological strategies,but also support traditional breeding programs,to help improve the storage time of fleshy fruits.

数学建模教学与竞赛活动的探索与实践

数学建模是与传统数学教育有着极大区别,将理论与实际紧密相结合的重要载体,并衍生出数学实验,引发教学体制改革,积极广泛开展数学建模培训活动,激发学生对数学的积极性,建模教学与竞赛迅猛发展为各领域开辟新天地,无论是在国内还是国际都产生了深远影响。本文通过深入分析数学建模教学与传统数学教学的区别、建模竞赛的发展方式和意义、数学建模的社会应用等方面探索改革的途径。

The effect of subgrade inhomogeneity induced by freeze-thaw on the dynamic response of track-subgrade system

The developed vertical coupling model of Vehicle-Track-Subgrade which considered subgrade layer vibration is presented. The equations of motion for the ballast, top and bottom subgrade layers are presented in detail. Through inputting different coefficients, the dynamic response of track-subgrade system in a seasonal frozen region in different seasons is obtained by the developed model and the uneven freeze-thaw action of subgrade soil is presented in this model. The effect of subgrade inhomogeneity induced by uneven freeze-thaw on the dynamic response of track-subgrade system was studied and the conclusions are as follows. The force at the interface of ballast and top subgrade layer and the deformation of ballast induced by a passing train changed sharply at the stiffness mutation zone. The force and deformation decreased with increasing stiffness ratio with the same amplitude of irregularities as the excitation source. The force and deformation were larger with larger amplitudes of irregularities. There was an obvious effect of uneven deformation and stiffness of subgrade on the dynamic response of track-subgrade system.

Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of homeodomain-leucine zipper family genes reveal their involvement in stress response in apple(Malus×domestica)

The homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip)family has been shown to perform amultitude of functions during plant development and stress responses;however,the familymembers and functions have not been identified in apple(Malus×domestica).In this study,83 HD-Zips(MdHDZs)were identified in the apple genome.They were assembled into four subgroups according to the classification in Arabidopsis,where MdHDZs in the same subgroup had similar gene structures and conserved protein motifs.Putative cis-element analysis of MdHDZs promoter regions uncovered numerous elements related to the response of stress and plant hormones.In addition,twelve transcripts of the MdHDZs showed different expression patterns under salt,drought,low temperature and ABA stresses by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR)assay.To further explore the function of MdHDZs in apple,MdHDZ3 was selected to verify its function under salt,low temperature and ABA stresses;and genetic transformation was used to obtain MdHDZ3 transgenic apple calli.The results demonstrated that MdHDZ3 increased sensitivity to salt,low temperature and abscisic acid in apple calli,suggesting that MdHDZ3 plays an important role in response to stresses.Subcellular localization and three-dimensional structural analysis revealed that MdHDZ3 was a nuclear-localized protein.Taken together,these findings provide potential information for further identification of HD-Zip proteins in apple.

基于VCI的1982~2016年中国南方地区干旱时空变化特征分析

干旱是最严重的自然灾害之一。本文基于1982~2016年NOAA/AVHRR气象卫星资料,以植被状态指数(VCI)为干旱监测指标,采用频率分析、趋势率分析、距平指数分析等方法,分析了中国南方地区干旱时空变化特征与发展趋势。结果表明,南方地区是干旱高发区,但绝大部分区域以轻旱与中旱为主,仅在四川盆地以及湖南少部分区域重旱发生频率稍高。1982~2016年间,南方地区VCI总体呈上升趋势,即大部分区域旱情趋于缓解。且VCI序列并非单向的变化,而是波动式上升,大致可分为1981~1990的缓慢上升期、1991~2000年的剧烈震荡期、2001~2016年的稳定上升期。本研究分析了中国南方地区旱情时空变化的规律,可为抗旱减灾相关措施与政策的制定提供科学依据。

Shear properties of thawed natural permafrost by bender elements

Thawed permafrost could cause a serious stability problem for foundations and oil-wells in cold regions. A non-damage testing procedure, employing the Bender Element Method, was used for permafrost samples collected from a continuous frozen core obtained from the North Slope of Alaska, USA. The wave velocity and modulus of thawed permafrost were investigated on various isotropic confining pressure from 0 kPa to 400 kPa per 100 kPa. The received shear wave propagation was recorded, and the elastic wave theory was used to calculate shear modulus. Finally, the shear modulus affected by confining pressure, water content and dry density were analyzed and discussed, and a regression formulation of shear modulus based on the Janbu Model for thawed silty and sandy permafrost were proposed and validation.

Synthesis of a Fully Biobased Polyfunctional Vinyl Oligomer and Their UV Cured Films Prepared via Thiol-ene Coupling

In this paper,a fully bio-based vinyl oligomer with high functionalities was successfully prepared from rapeseed oil by three modification steps:epoxidation of rapeseed oil,solvent-free and catalyst-free ring opening by 10-undecylenic acid followed by esterification with 10-undecenoyl chloride.Then,the renewable polymers were prepared by photo-polymerization of these modified vegetable oils with typical thiol monomers:pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate),pentaerythritol tris(3-mercaptopropionate)and 1,2-ethanedithiol.The synthesis of the vinyl oligomer was monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The average number of the carbon-carbon double bonds of the resulting vinyl oligomer is high to be 7.2.The kinetic of thiol-ene photo-polymerization of vegetable oil-based vinyl oligomer was studied by FTIR-ATR analyses.In addition,the thermo-physical properties,thermal stability and solvent resistance of these UV cured films were characterized.The polymers from 1,2-ethanedithiol exhibit higher gel content,storage modulus and glass transition temperature than those from other thiol monomers due to the high crosslinking densities of the resulting polymers.All polymers show excellent thermal stability up to 290oC.The resulting polymers exhibit thermo-physical properties,excellent water resistance and thermals stability,which is promising to find application in coatings and adhesives.

拟常曲率黎曼流形中卷积子流形的一些不等式

用最优化方法,研究了拟常曲率黎曼流形中的卷积子流形,讨论了广义标准δ-Casorati曲率,建立了内在不变量和外在不变量之间的两个不等式,推广了实空间形式中子流形的最优不等式。

Optical design and simulation of an integrated OCT and video rigid laryngoscope

An integrated optical coherence tomography(OCT)and video rigid laryngoscope have been designed to acquire surface and subsurface tissue images of larynx simultaneously.The dual-modality system that is based on a common-path design with components as few as possible effec-tively maintains the light transmittance without compromising the imaging quality.In this paper,the field of view(FOV)of the system can reach 70°by use of a gradient index(GRIN)lens as the relay element and a four-lens group as the distal objective,respectively.The simulation showed that the modulation transfer function(MTF)value in each FOV of the rigid video endoscope at 160 lp/mm is greater than 0.1 while the root mean square(RMS)radii of the OCT beam in the center and edge of the FOV are 14.948μm and 73.609μm,respectively.The resolutions of both OCT and video endoscope meet the requirement of clinical application.In addition,all the components of the system are spherical,therefore the system can be of low cost and easy to assemble.

A Freight Mode Choice Analysis Using a Binary Logit Model and GIS: The Case of Cereal Grains Transportation in the United States

Mode choice is important in shipping commodities efficiently. This paper develops a binary logit model and a regression model to study the cereal grains movement by truck and rail in the United States using the publically available Freight Analysis Framework (FAF2.2) database and U.S. highway and networks and TransCAD, a geographic information system with strong transportation modeling capabilities. The binary logit model and the regression model both use the same set of generic variables, including mode split probability, commodity weight, value, network travel time, and fuel cost. The results show that both the binary logit and regression models perform well for cereal grains transportation in the United States, with the binary logit model yielding overall better estimates with respect to the observed truck and rail mode splits. The two models can be used to study other commodities between two modes and may produce better results if more mode specific variables are used.

Enhanced electrochemical performance of Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3) solid electrolyte by anion doping

Nowadays,the majority of the studies on the substitution are focused on cations(such as Y^(3+),Ti^(4+),P^(5+),etc.)in Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP),while there are few studies on the substitution of anion O^(2-).In this work,the modified LATP with a series of LiCl(LATPClx,x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)additives is prepared to enhance ionic conductivity.The successful introduction of Cl-makes the length of the c axis decrease from 20.822(2)to 20.792(1)Å,and the bulk conductivity of 2.13×10^(-3) S·cm^(-1) is achieved in LATPCl_(0.3).Moreover,the Al/Ti-O1/Cl1 and Al/Ti-O_(2)/Cl_(2) distance decrease,while the Li1-O_(2)/Cl_(2) distance increases.Lithium ions migrate more easily in the nanochannel of M3-M1-M3.In addition,the LiCl additive increases the relative density and the grain boundary conductivity of LATPClx compounds.Naturally,a higher ionic conductivity of 2.12×10^(–4) S·cm^(-1) and a low activation energy of 0.30 eV are obtained in LATPCl_(0.3).Correspondingly,the symmetric cell exhibits a low overpotential of±50 mV for over 200 h in LATPCl_(0.3).The solid-state Li|LATPCl_(0.3)|NCM811(NCM811=LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O_(2))battery exhibits high initial capacity 185.1 mAh·g^(-1) with a capacity retention rate of 95.4%after 100 cycles at 0.5 C.This result suggests that LiCl additive is an effective strategy to promote electrochemical properties of LATP solid electrolyte and can be considered for reference to other inorganic solid electrolytes systems.

Lignin-based polymer with high phenolic hydroxyl group content prepared by the alkyl chain bridging method and applied as a dopant of PEDOT

Inspired by the importance of the phenolic group to the electron transporting property of hole transport materials,phenolic hydroxyl groups were introduced in lignosulfonate(LS)via the alkyl chain bridging method to prepare phenolated-lignosulfonate(PLS).The results showed that the phenolic group was boosted from 0.81 mmol∙g^(–1) of LS to 1.19 mmol∙g^(–1) of PLS.The electrochemical property results showed two oxidation peaks in the cyclic voltammogram(CV)curve of PLS,and the oxidation potential of the PLS-modified electrode decreased by 0.5 eV compared with that of LS.This result indicates that PLS is more easily oxidized than LS.Based on the excellent electron transporting property of PLS,PLS was applied as a dopant in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT,called PEDOT:PLSs).PLS showed excellent dispersion properties for PEDOT.Moreover,the transmittance measurement results showed that the transmittance of PEDOT:PLSs exceeded 85%in the range of 300–800 nm.The CV results showed that the energy levels of PEDOT:PLSs could be flexibly adjusted by PLS amounts.The results indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl group of lignin can be easily boosted by the alkyl chain bridging method,and phenolated lignin-based polymers may have promising potential as dopants of PEDOT to produce hole transporting materials for different organic photovoltaic devices.

Vaginal Delivery in a Primipara with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

To editor:Glanzmann thrombasthenia(GT)is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder that is characterized by a quantitative and/or qualitative defect in the platelet integrinαIIbβ3(previously known as glycoprotein(GP)IIb/IIIa),the major platelet receptor of fibrinogen.DefectiveαIIbβ3 can result in the absence of platelet aggregation.Pregnancy and delivery in women with GT can present specific challenges as there is a significant risk of both maternal and fetal bleeding.

Dynamic traveling time forecasting based on spatial-temporal graph convolutional networks

1 Introduction Traveling time forecasting,the core component in GPS navigation systems and taxi-hailing apps,has attracted widespread attention.Existing research mostly focuses on independent points like traffic flow prediction[1,2]or route planning[3,4],which ignore globality and lack satisfactory dynamic progress to adopt sophisticated traffic conditions.To facilitate this line of research,we propose a novel Dynamic Traveling Time forecasting framework based on the Spatial and Temporal Graph convolution(DTT-STG)integrated with map-matching,road speed forecasting,and route planning with full consideration of the dynamic spatial and temporal dependency.DTT-STG designs an angle-based map-matching algorithm to describe the direction of vehicles and explores a self-adaptive adjacency matrix combined with diffusion convolution and attention mechanisms to capture the dynamically changing spatial-temporal dependencies.Afterward,the progressive method is exploited to calculate the traveling time and plan the shortest route dynamically in continuously changing traffic states.

Targeting DNA-PKcs promotes anti-tumoral immunity via triggering cytosolic DNA sensing and inducing an inflamed tumor immuno-microenvironment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is highly malignant and refractory to immunotherapy through impeding the immune cell infiltration and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment(TME).1 DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit(DNA-PKcs)is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family,which is required for the non-homologous end joining repair.2 The effect of DNA-PKcs on the generation of cytosolic DNA and inflammation response in tumor immuno-environment is not defined.We found a specific DNA-PKcs inhibitor,NU7441,induced cytosolic DNA,stimulator of interferon genes(STING),and retinoic acid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)signals in vitro.In Balb/c immune-competent mice bearing 4T1 TNBC cells,NU7441 impaired the tumor growth and metastasis,and increased the CD45+leukocytes,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and CD1a+antigen-presenting cells,as well as MHC-I and interferon alpha receptor(IFNAR)in TME.However,in Balb/c athymic nude mice without IFNAR and CD8+T cells in TME,NU7741 did not influence tumor growth.These results show that inhibition of DNA-PKcs triggers cytosolic DNA sensing and induces an inflamed TME to promote anti-tumoral immunity,which provides a strategy to alter the inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration in TME to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in TNBC and other cancers with an immune-suppressive TME.

Frequency-tunable microwave quantum light source based on superconducting quantum circuits

A non-classical light source is essential for implementing a wide range of quantum information processing protocols,including quantum computing,networking,communication and metrology.In the microwave regime,propagating photonic qubits,which transfer quantum information between multiple superconducting quantum chips,serve as building blocks for large-scale quantum computers.In this context,spectral control of propagating single photons is crucial for interfacing different quantum nodes with varied frequencies and bandwidths.Here a deterministic microwave quantum light source was demonstrated based on superconducting quantum circuits that can generate propagating single photons,time-bin encoded photonic qubits and qudits.In particular,the frequency of the emitted photons can be tuned in situ as large as 200 MHz.Even though the internal quantum efficiency of the light source is sensitive to the working fre-quency,it is shown that the fidelity of the propagating photonic qubit can be well preserved with the time-bin encoding scheme.This work thus demonstrates a versatile approach to realizing a practical quantum light source for future distributed quantum computing.

COVID-19 Outbreaks Linked to Imported Frozen Food in China:Status and Challege

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA contamination was reported on China’s imported frozen foods and packaging materials.However,there was no evidence of this disease initiated by environment-to-human transmission until the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Beijing in June 2020.This article aimed to analyze and summarize COVID-19 outbreaks related to cold-chain foods to provide a scientific basis for tracing the epidemiological trajectory of the pandemic,providing risk assessments,and mitigation policies.Overall,37 COVID-19 outbreaks and 5,741 infected cases were reported within the study period.It was found that 7 outbreaks and 689 cases were linked to imported frozen foods.The first index case among the 7 outbreaks was exposed to SARS-CoV-2-contaminated outer packaging of frozen food,triggering the subsequent community transmission.This study supported the speculation that cold-chain foods act as a pathway for SARS-CoV-2 and might present a risk for virus transmission between countries and regions.Handlers and processors exposed to the imported frozen foods should be effectively self-protected,daily monitored for clinical manifestations of COVID-19,and tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid at regular intervals.