The inflammatory microenvironment and neurotoxicity can hinder neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Ruxolitinib,a JAK-STAT inhibitor,exhibits effectiveness in autoimmune diseases,arth...The inflammatory microenvironment and neurotoxicity can hinder neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Ruxolitinib,a JAK-STAT inhibitor,exhibits effectiveness in autoimmune diseases,arthritis,and managing inflammatory cytokine storms.Although studies have shown the neuroprotective potential of ruxolitinib in neurological trauma,the exact mechanism by which it enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury,particularly its effect on astrocytes,remains unclear.To address this gap,we established a mouse model of T10 spinal cord contusion and found that ruxolitinib effectively improved hindlimb motor function and reduced the area of spinal cord injury.Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that ruxolitinib alleviated inflammation and immune response after spinal cord injury,restored EAAT2 expression,reduced glutamate levels,and alleviated excitatory toxicity.Furthermore,ruxolitinib inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the injured spinal cord and decreased the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity astrocytes,ruxolitinib restored EAAT2 expression and increased glutamate uptake by inhibiting the activation of STAT3,thereby reducing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity,calcium influx,oxidative stress,and cell apoptosis,and increasing the complexity of dendritic branching.Collectively,these results indicate that ruxolitinib restores glutamate homeostasis by rescuing the expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes,reduces neurotoxicity,and effectively alleviates inflammatory and immune responses after spinal cord injury,thereby promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injury.展开更多
With the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources,the Yanzhou mine in China will enter the lower coal seam mining phase.However,as mining depth increases,lower coal seam mining in Yanzhou is threatened by water inr...With the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources,the Yanzhou mine in China will enter the lower coal seam mining phase.However,as mining depth increases,lower coal seam mining in Yanzhou is threatened by water inrush in the Benxi Formation limestone and Ordovician limestone.The existing prediction models for the water burst at the bottom of the coal seam are less accurate than expected owing to various controlling factors and their intrinsic links.By analyzing the hydrogeological exploration data of the Baodian lower seam and combining the results of the water inrush coefficient method and the Yanzhou mine pressure seepage test,an evaluation model of the seepage barrier capacity of the fault was established.The evaluation results show the water of the underlying limestone aquifer in the Baodian mine area mainly threatens the lower coal mining through the fault fracture zone.The security of mining above confined aquifer in the Baodian mine area gradually decreases from southwest to northeast.By comparing the water inrush coefficient method and the evaluation model of fault impermeability,the results show the evaluation model based on seepage barrier conditions is closer to the actual situation when analyzing the water breakout situation at the working face.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction(ECR)to high-value fuels and chemicals offers a promising conversion technology for achieving sustainable carbon cycles.In recent years,although great efforts have been made to develop...Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction(ECR)to high-value fuels and chemicals offers a promising conversion technology for achieving sustainable carbon cycles.In recent years,although great efforts have been made to develop highefficiency ECR catalysts,challenges remain in achieving high activity and long durability simultaneously.Taking advantage of the adjustable structure,tunable component,and the M–Ch(M¼Sn,In,Bi,etc.,Ch¼S,Se,Te)covalent bonds stabilized metal centers,the p-block metal chalcogenides(PMC)based electrocatalysts have shown great potential in converting CO_(2) into CO or formates.In addition,the unique p-block electron structure can suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and enhance the adsorption of ECR intermediates.Seeking to systematically understand the structure–activity relationship of PMC-based ECR catalysts,this review summarizes the recent advances in designing PMC electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction based on the fundamental aspects of heterogeneous ECR process,including advanced strategies for optimizing the intrinsic activity and improving the loading density of catalytic sites,constructing highly stable catalysts,and tuning product.展开更多
After the Industrial Revolution,the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings.Nearly all countries in the world are actively taking measures to fight for car...After the Industrial Revolution,the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings.Nearly all countries in the world are actively taking measures to fight for carbon neutrality.In recent years,negative carbon emission technologies have attracted much attention due to their ability to reduce or recycle excess CO_(2)in the atmosphere.This review summarizes the state-of-the-art negative carbon emission technologies,from the artificial enhancement of natural carbon sink technology to the physical,chemical,or biological methods for carbon capture,as well as CO_(2)utilization and conversion.Finally,we expound on the challenges and outlook for improving negative carbon emission technology to accelerate the pace of achieving carbon neutrality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82272484(to XC).
文摘The inflammatory microenvironment and neurotoxicity can hinder neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Ruxolitinib,a JAK-STAT inhibitor,exhibits effectiveness in autoimmune diseases,arthritis,and managing inflammatory cytokine storms.Although studies have shown the neuroprotective potential of ruxolitinib in neurological trauma,the exact mechanism by which it enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury,particularly its effect on astrocytes,remains unclear.To address this gap,we established a mouse model of T10 spinal cord contusion and found that ruxolitinib effectively improved hindlimb motor function and reduced the area of spinal cord injury.Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that ruxolitinib alleviated inflammation and immune response after spinal cord injury,restored EAAT2 expression,reduced glutamate levels,and alleviated excitatory toxicity.Furthermore,ruxolitinib inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the injured spinal cord and decreased the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity astrocytes,ruxolitinib restored EAAT2 expression and increased glutamate uptake by inhibiting the activation of STAT3,thereby reducing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity,calcium influx,oxidative stress,and cell apoptosis,and increasing the complexity of dendritic branching.Collectively,these results indicate that ruxolitinib restores glutamate homeostasis by rescuing the expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes,reduces neurotoxicity,and effectively alleviates inflammatory and immune responses after spinal cord injury,thereby promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41702326)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20202ACB214006)+2 种基金the Innovative Experts,Long-term Program of Jiangxi Province(No.jxsq2018106049)the Supported by Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technologythe Innovation Fund Designated for Graduate Students of Jiangxi Province(No.YC2020-S451)。
文摘With the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources,the Yanzhou mine in China will enter the lower coal seam mining phase.However,as mining depth increases,lower coal seam mining in Yanzhou is threatened by water inrush in the Benxi Formation limestone and Ordovician limestone.The existing prediction models for the water burst at the bottom of the coal seam are less accurate than expected owing to various controlling factors and their intrinsic links.By analyzing the hydrogeological exploration data of the Baodian lower seam and combining the results of the water inrush coefficient method and the Yanzhou mine pressure seepage test,an evaluation model of the seepage barrier capacity of the fault was established.The evaluation results show the water of the underlying limestone aquifer in the Baodian mine area mainly threatens the lower coal mining through the fault fracture zone.The security of mining above confined aquifer in the Baodian mine area gradually decreases from southwest to northeast.By comparing the water inrush coefficient method and the evaluation model of fault impermeability,the results show the evaluation model based on seepage barrier conditions is closer to the actual situation when analyzing the water breakout situation at the working face.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1505801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22025208,22075300,and 22102191)the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the Key Laboratory of Education department of Shaanxi Province(20JS157).
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction(ECR)to high-value fuels and chemicals offers a promising conversion technology for achieving sustainable carbon cycles.In recent years,although great efforts have been made to develop highefficiency ECR catalysts,challenges remain in achieving high activity and long durability simultaneously.Taking advantage of the adjustable structure,tunable component,and the M–Ch(M¼Sn,In,Bi,etc.,Ch¼S,Se,Te)covalent bonds stabilized metal centers,the p-block metal chalcogenides(PMC)based electrocatalysts have shown great potential in converting CO_(2) into CO or formates.In addition,the unique p-block electron structure can suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and enhance the adsorption of ECR intermediates.Seeking to systematically understand the structure–activity relationship of PMC-based ECR catalysts,this review summarizes the recent advances in designing PMC electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction based on the fundamental aspects of heterogeneous ECR process,including advanced strategies for optimizing the intrinsic activity and improving the loading density of catalytic sites,constructing highly stable catalysts,and tuning product.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176086)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210189)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(PCRR-ZZ-202106)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021114380183,021114380189),China Association for Science and Technology(20220615ZZ08010008)the Research Funds from Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling of Nanjing University,and Research Funds for Jiangsu Distinguished Professor.H.L.and H.R.would like to acknowledge the support from China Association for Sci-ence and Technology(20220615ZZ08010008).
文摘After the Industrial Revolution,the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings.Nearly all countries in the world are actively taking measures to fight for carbon neutrality.In recent years,negative carbon emission technologies have attracted much attention due to their ability to reduce or recycle excess CO_(2)in the atmosphere.This review summarizes the state-of-the-art negative carbon emission technologies,from the artificial enhancement of natural carbon sink technology to the physical,chemical,or biological methods for carbon capture,as well as CO_(2)utilization and conversion.Finally,we expound on the challenges and outlook for improving negative carbon emission technology to accelerate the pace of achieving carbon neutrality.