Anther dehiscence controls optimal interaction between pollen and stigma,thereby determining the successful sexual reproduction.The regulators or mechanisms of this process remain elusive.Here,two CRISPR/Cas9 mutants ...Anther dehiscence controls optimal interaction between pollen and stigma,thereby determining the successful sexual reproduction.The regulators or mechanisms of this process remain elusive.Here,two CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of a rice exocyst subunit gene SEC3A,sec3a-1 and sec3a-2,showed anther indehiscence at anthesis and male sterility at maturity.Pollen viability and germination in the mutants were partly defective,whereas their female gametes undergone a normal development.Hybrid or self-pollinated seeds could be produced by artificial pollination,suggesting potential use of a weak sec3a mutant as a female line during hybrid breeding.SEC3A is widely expressed in various tissues,including anther walls.Further results showed an excessive IAA accumulation and no endothecium lignification in sec3a-1/2 anthers.Our findings suggest that SEC3A appears to regulate anther dehiscence by modulating auxin signaling,providing insights into regulation of anther dehiscence and function of exocyst in plants.展开更多
A dynamic plant architecture is the basis of plant adaptation to changing environments.Although many genes regulating leaf rolling have been identified,genes directly associated with water homeostasis are largely unkn...A dynamic plant architecture is the basis of plant adaptation to changing environments.Although many genes regulating leaf rolling have been identified,genes directly associated with water homeostasis are largely unknown.Here,we isolated a rice mutant,dynamic leaf rolling 1(dlr1),characterized by‘leaf unfolding in the morning-leaf rolling at noon-leaf unfolding in the evening’during a sunny day.Water content was decreased in rolled leaves and water sprayed on leaves caused reopening,indicating that in vivo water deficiency induced the leaf rolling.Map-based cloning and expression tests demonstrated that an A1400G single base mutation in Oryza sativa Polygalacturonase 1(OsPG1)/PHOTO-SENSITIVE LEAF ROLLING 1(PSL1)was responsible for the dynamic leaf rolling phenotype in the dlr1 mutant.OsPG1 encodes a polygalacturonase,one of the main enzymes that degrade demethylesterified homogalacturonans in plant cell walls.OsPG1 was constitutively expressed in various tissues and was enriched in stomata.Mutants of the OsPG1 gene exhibited defects in stomatal closure and decreased stomatal density,leading to reduced transpiration and excessive water loss under specific conditions,but had normal root development.Further analysis revealed that mutation of OsPG1 led to reduced pectinase activity in the leaves and increased demethylesterified homogalacturonans in guard cells.Our findings reveal a mechanism by which OsPG1 modulates water homeostasis to control dynamic leaf rolling,providing insights for plants to adapt to environmental variation.展开更多
In basketball, each player’s skill level is the key to a team’s success or failure, the skill level is affected by many personal and environmental factors. A physics-informed AI statistics has become extremely impor...In basketball, each player’s skill level is the key to a team’s success or failure, the skill level is affected by many personal and environmental factors. A physics-informed AI statistics has become extremely important. In this article, a complex non-linear process is considered by taking into account the average points per game of each player, playing time, shooting percentage, and others. This physics-informed statistics is to construct a multiple linear regression model with physics-informed neural networks. Based on the official data provided by the American Basketball League, and combined with specific methods of R program analysis, the regression model affecting the player’s average points per game is verified, and the key factors affecting the player’s average points per game are finally elucidated. The paper provides a novel window for coaches to make meaningful in-game adjustments to team members.展开更多
Government credibility is an important asset of contemporary national governance, an important criterion for evaluating government legitimacy, and a key factor in measuring the effectiveness of government governance. ...Government credibility is an important asset of contemporary national governance, an important criterion for evaluating government legitimacy, and a key factor in measuring the effectiveness of government governance. In recent years, researchers’ research on government credibility has mostly focused on exploring theories and mechanisms, with little empirical research on this topic. This article intends to apply variable selection models in the field of social statistics to the issue of government credibility, in order to achieve empirical research on government credibility and explore its core influencing factors from a statistical perspective. Specifically, this article intends to use four regression-analysis-based methods and three random-forest-based methods to study the influencing factors of government credibility in various provinces in China, and compare the performance of these seven variable selection methods in different dimensions. The research results show that there are certain differences in simplicity, accuracy, and variable importance ranking among different variable selection methods, which present different importance in the study of government credibility issues. This study provides a methodological reference for variable selection models in the field of social science research, and also offers a multidimensional comparative perspective for analyzing the influencing factors of government credibility.展开更多
We explain the W-boson mass anomaly by introducing an SU(2)_(L)scalar multiplet with general isospin and hypercharge{in the case without its vacuum expectation value}.It is shown that the dominant contribution from th...We explain the W-boson mass anomaly by introducing an SU(2)_(L)scalar multiplet with general isospin and hypercharge{in the case without its vacuum expectation value}.It is shown that the dominant contribution from the scalar multiplet to the W-boson mass arises at the one-loop level,which can be expressed in terms of the electroweak(EW)oblique parameters T and S at leading order.We first rederive the general formulae of T and S induced by a scalar multiplet of EW charges,confirming the results in literature.We then study several specific examples of great phenomenological interest by applying these general expressions.As a result,it is found that the model with a scalar multiplet in an SU(2)_(L)real representation with Y=0 cannot generate the required M_(W)correction because it leads to vanishing values of T and S.However,the cases with scalars in a complex representation under SU(2)_(L)with a general hypercharge can explain the M_(W)excess observed by CDF-Ⅱowing to nonzero T and S.We further consider the strong constraints from the perturbativity and EW global fit of the precision data and vary the isospin representation and hypercharge of the additional scalar multiplet to assess the extent of the model to solve the W-boson mass anomaly.It turns out that these constraints play important roles in setting limits on the model parameter space.We also briefly describe the collider signatures of the extra scalar multiplet,especially when it contains long-lived,heavy,highly charged states.展开更多
Deep learning enables real-time resource allocation for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications(URLLC),one of the major use cases in the next-generation cellular networks.Yet the high training complexity and wea...Deep learning enables real-time resource allocation for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications(URLLC),one of the major use cases in the next-generation cellular networks.Yet the high training complexity and weak generalization ability of neural networks impede the practical use of the learning-based methods in dynamic wireless environments.To overcome these obstacles,we propose a parameter generation network(PGN)to efficiently learn bandwidth and power allocation policies in URLLC.The PGN consists of two types of fully-connected neural networks(FNNs).One is a policy network,which is used to learn a resource allocation policy or a Lagrangian multiplier function.The other type of FNNs are hypernetworks,which are designed to learn the weight matrices and bias vectors of the policy network.Only the hypernetworks require training.Using the well-trained hypernetworks,the policy network is generated through forward propagation in the test phase.By introducing a simple data processing,the hypernetworks can well learn the weight matrices and bias vectors by inputting their indices,resulting in low training cost.Simulation results demonstrate that the learned bandwidth and power allocation policies by the PGNs perform very close to a numerical algorithm.Moreover,the PGNs can be well generalized to the number of users and wireless channels,and are with significantly lower memory costs,fewer training samples,and shorter training time than the traditional learning-based methods.展开更多
Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei.As a future high energy nuclear physics project,an Electron-ion collider in China(EicC)...Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei.As a future high energy nuclear physics project,an Electron-ion collider in China(EicC)has been proposed.It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator,High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF)which is currently under construction,together with a new electron ring.The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons(with a po-larization of 80%)and protons(with a polarization of 70%)with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of(2–3)×1033 cm^(−2)·s^(−1).Polarized deuterons and Helium-3,as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium,will be also available at the EicC.The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region,including 3D tomography of nucleon;the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment;the exotic states,especially those with heavy flavor quark contents.In addition,issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC.In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals,a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe.The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States.The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.展开更多
Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) is an unavoidable problem in several industries. Copper(Cu)and its alloys are widely used engineering materials. However, MIC of Cu remains a persistent challenge to their p...Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) is an unavoidable problem in several industries. Copper(Cu)and its alloys are widely used engineering materials. However, MIC of Cu remains a persistent challenge to their performance and functional lifetime under aggressive environments. This study investigated nanosecond pulsed laser processing(LP), which may enhance the corrosion resistance of Cu. The microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of LP-Cu in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) were evaluated. Typical deformation-induced microstructural features of high-density dislocations were analyzed on the top surface of LP-Cu coupon. Electrochemical measurements suggested that LP-Cu coupons exhibited better corrosion resistance in SRB-inoculated solution compared with their original counterpart. The enhanced corrosion resistance by LP primarily resulted from the combined influences of compressive residual stress and work hardening in the surface. However, overlap percentage played a key role in improving corrosion resistance. LP produced optimal corrosion resistance at 50% overlap. Therefore, this study introduces a unique and an option for anticorrosion control in manufacturing processes and potentially implements it onto other materials to improve its microbial corrosion resistance through LP.展开更多
The exact relationship between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and gut microbiota(GM)is still unclear.This study aimed to explore the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and GM by Mendelian randomization analysis...The exact relationship between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and gut microbiota(GM)is still unclear.This study aimed to explore the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and GM by Mendelian randomization analysis.The IBD data used in this study were obtained from Genome-Wide Association Studies.The GM data were from the Dutch Microbiome Project and included 207 taxa and 205 microbiota-associated pathways.Multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between GM and IBD.The results demonstrated that susceptibility to developing IBD is negatively correlated with class Clostridia(OR=0.80,P=0.003),family Sutterellacea(OR=0.87,P=0.014),genus Coprobacter(OR=0.90,P=0.009),order Clostridiales(OR=0.80,P=0.003),phylum Firmicutes(OR=0.82,P=0.002)and Coprobacter fastidiosus(OR=0.90,P=0.009).Conversely,the risk of developing IBD was positively correlated with the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I pathway(OR=1.17,P=0.006),Bacteroides caccae(OR=1.14,P=0.021)and Bacteroides uniformis(OR=1.26,P=0.003).Reverse causality was found between the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I pathway and IBD(OR=1.03,P=0.04),but not for the remaining specific GM taxa.In conclusion,our study demonstrated a causal relationship between specific GM features and IBD.展开更多
基金supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171970)the Chongqing Outstanding Scientists Project(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0073)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyj-cxttX0004)。
文摘Anther dehiscence controls optimal interaction between pollen and stigma,thereby determining the successful sexual reproduction.The regulators or mechanisms of this process remain elusive.Here,two CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of a rice exocyst subunit gene SEC3A,sec3a-1 and sec3a-2,showed anther indehiscence at anthesis and male sterility at maturity.Pollen viability and germination in the mutants were partly defective,whereas their female gametes undergone a normal development.Hybrid or self-pollinated seeds could be produced by artificial pollination,suggesting potential use of a weak sec3a mutant as a female line during hybrid breeding.SEC3A is widely expressed in various tissues,including anther walls.Further results showed an excessive IAA accumulation and no endothecium lignification in sec3a-1/2 anthers.Our findings suggest that SEC3A appears to regulate anther dehiscence by modulating auxin signaling,providing insights into regulation of anther dehiscence and function of exocyst in plants.
基金This work was supported by the Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing(CYS23217)Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CQMAITS202301)+1 种基金the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyj-cxttX0004)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(2023NSCQ-BHX0281).
文摘A dynamic plant architecture is the basis of plant adaptation to changing environments.Although many genes regulating leaf rolling have been identified,genes directly associated with water homeostasis are largely unknown.Here,we isolated a rice mutant,dynamic leaf rolling 1(dlr1),characterized by‘leaf unfolding in the morning-leaf rolling at noon-leaf unfolding in the evening’during a sunny day.Water content was decreased in rolled leaves and water sprayed on leaves caused reopening,indicating that in vivo water deficiency induced the leaf rolling.Map-based cloning and expression tests demonstrated that an A1400G single base mutation in Oryza sativa Polygalacturonase 1(OsPG1)/PHOTO-SENSITIVE LEAF ROLLING 1(PSL1)was responsible for the dynamic leaf rolling phenotype in the dlr1 mutant.OsPG1 encodes a polygalacturonase,one of the main enzymes that degrade demethylesterified homogalacturonans in plant cell walls.OsPG1 was constitutively expressed in various tissues and was enriched in stomata.Mutants of the OsPG1 gene exhibited defects in stomatal closure and decreased stomatal density,leading to reduced transpiration and excessive water loss under specific conditions,but had normal root development.Further analysis revealed that mutation of OsPG1 led to reduced pectinase activity in the leaves and increased demethylesterified homogalacturonans in guard cells.Our findings reveal a mechanism by which OsPG1 modulates water homeostasis to control dynamic leaf rolling,providing insights for plants to adapt to environmental variation.
文摘In basketball, each player’s skill level is the key to a team’s success or failure, the skill level is affected by many personal and environmental factors. A physics-informed AI statistics has become extremely important. In this article, a complex non-linear process is considered by taking into account the average points per game of each player, playing time, shooting percentage, and others. This physics-informed statistics is to construct a multiple linear regression model with physics-informed neural networks. Based on the official data provided by the American Basketball League, and combined with specific methods of R program analysis, the regression model affecting the player’s average points per game is verified, and the key factors affecting the player’s average points per game are finally elucidated. The paper provides a novel window for coaches to make meaningful in-game adjustments to team members.
基金This study was co-supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （51501219）, National Key Development Program of China （2016YFB 1192704）, NSFC -Liaoning Province United Foundation （U 1608259） and National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2015BAFOBBO 1-01）.
文摘Government credibility is an important asset of contemporary national governance, an important criterion for evaluating government legitimacy, and a key factor in measuring the effectiveness of government governance. In recent years, researchers’ research on government credibility has mostly focused on exploring theories and mechanisms, with little empirical research on this topic. This article intends to apply variable selection models in the field of social statistics to the issue of government credibility, in order to achieve empirical research on government credibility and explore its core influencing factors from a statistical perspective. Specifically, this article intends to use four regression-analysis-based methods and three random-forest-based methods to study the influencing factors of government credibility in various provinces in China, and compare the performance of these seven variable selection methods in different dimensions. The research results show that there are certain differences in simplicity, accuracy, and variable importance ranking among different variable selection methods, which present different importance in the study of government credibility issues. This study provides a methodological reference for variable selection models in the field of social science research, and also offers a multidimensional comparative perspective for analyzing the influencing factors of government credibility.
基金Supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2203003,2020YFC2201501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12005254,12147103)。
文摘We explain the W-boson mass anomaly by introducing an SU(2)_(L)scalar multiplet with general isospin and hypercharge{in the case without its vacuum expectation value}.It is shown that the dominant contribution from the scalar multiplet to the W-boson mass arises at the one-loop level,which can be expressed in terms of the electroweak(EW)oblique parameters T and S at leading order.We first rederive the general formulae of T and S induced by a scalar multiplet of EW charges,confirming the results in literature.We then study several specific examples of great phenomenological interest by applying these general expressions.As a result,it is found that the model with a scalar multiplet in an SU(2)_(L)real representation with Y=0 cannot generate the required M_(W)correction because it leads to vanishing values of T and S.However,the cases with scalars in a complex representation under SU(2)_(L)with a general hypercharge can explain the M_(W)excess observed by CDF-Ⅱowing to nonzero T and S.We further consider the strong constraints from the perturbativity and EW global fit of the precision data and vary the isospin representation and hypercharge of the additional scalar multiplet to assess the extent of the model to solve the W-boson mass anomaly.It turns out that these constraints play important roles in setting limits on the model parameter space.We also briefly describe the collider signatures of the extra scalar multiplet,especially when it contains long-lived,heavy,highly charged states.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 61731002.
文摘Deep learning enables real-time resource allocation for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications(URLLC),one of the major use cases in the next-generation cellular networks.Yet the high training complexity and weak generalization ability of neural networks impede the practical use of the learning-based methods in dynamic wireless environments.To overcome these obstacles,we propose a parameter generation network(PGN)to efficiently learn bandwidth and power allocation policies in URLLC.The PGN consists of two types of fully-connected neural networks(FNNs).One is a policy network,which is used to learn a resource allocation policy or a Lagrangian multiplier function.The other type of FNNs are hypernetworks,which are designed to learn the weight matrices and bias vectors of the policy network.Only the hypernetworks require training.Using the well-trained hypernetworks,the policy network is generated through forward propagation in the test phase.By introducing a simple data processing,the hypernetworks can well learn the weight matrices and bias vectors by inputting their indices,resulting in low training cost.Simulation results demonstrate that the learned bandwidth and power allocation policies by the PGNs perform very close to a numerical algorithm.Moreover,the PGNs can be well generalized to the number of users and wireless channels,and are with significantly lower memory costs,fewer training samples,and shorter training time than the traditional learning-based methods.
文摘Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei.As a future high energy nuclear physics project,an Electron-ion collider in China(EicC)has been proposed.It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator,High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF)which is currently under construction,together with a new electron ring.The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons(with a po-larization of 80%)and protons(with a polarization of 70%)with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of(2–3)×1033 cm^(−2)·s^(−1).Polarized deuterons and Helium-3,as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium,will be also available at the EicC.The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region,including 3D tomography of nucleon;the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment;the exotic states,especially those with heavy flavor quark contents.In addition,issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC.In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals,a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe.The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States.The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51871228, 51771213 and 51471176)。
文摘Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) is an unavoidable problem in several industries. Copper(Cu)and its alloys are widely used engineering materials. However, MIC of Cu remains a persistent challenge to their performance and functional lifetime under aggressive environments. This study investigated nanosecond pulsed laser processing(LP), which may enhance the corrosion resistance of Cu. The microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of LP-Cu in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) were evaluated. Typical deformation-induced microstructural features of high-density dislocations were analyzed on the top surface of LP-Cu coupon. Electrochemical measurements suggested that LP-Cu coupons exhibited better corrosion resistance in SRB-inoculated solution compared with their original counterpart. The enhanced corrosion resistance by LP primarily resulted from the combined influences of compressive residual stress and work hardening in the surface. However, overlap percentage played a key role in improving corrosion resistance. LP produced optimal corrosion resistance at 50% overlap. Therefore, this study introduces a unique and an option for anticorrosion control in manufacturing processes and potentially implements it onto other materials to improve its microbial corrosion resistance through LP.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ZFJH003)Shandong Provincial Laboratory Project(SYS202202)the Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory(JNL-2022001A).
文摘The exact relationship between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and gut microbiota(GM)is still unclear.This study aimed to explore the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and GM by Mendelian randomization analysis.The IBD data used in this study were obtained from Genome-Wide Association Studies.The GM data were from the Dutch Microbiome Project and included 207 taxa and 205 microbiota-associated pathways.Multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between GM and IBD.The results demonstrated that susceptibility to developing IBD is negatively correlated with class Clostridia(OR=0.80,P=0.003),family Sutterellacea(OR=0.87,P=0.014),genus Coprobacter(OR=0.90,P=0.009),order Clostridiales(OR=0.80,P=0.003),phylum Firmicutes(OR=0.82,P=0.002)and Coprobacter fastidiosus(OR=0.90,P=0.009).Conversely,the risk of developing IBD was positively correlated with the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I pathway(OR=1.17,P=0.006),Bacteroides caccae(OR=1.14,P=0.021)and Bacteroides uniformis(OR=1.26,P=0.003).Reverse causality was found between the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I pathway and IBD(OR=1.03,P=0.04),but not for the remaining specific GM taxa.In conclusion,our study demonstrated a causal relationship between specific GM features and IBD.
