Perilipin-2 mediates ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and myelin injury after ischemic stroke

Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes contributes to remyelination.Failure of remyelination due to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death can result in severe nerve damage.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death caused by membrane rupture induced by lipid peroxidation,and plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.However,there are few studies on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from GEO databases and identified a role of ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and myelin injury after cerebral ischemia.Bioinformatics analysis suggested that perilipin-2(PLIN2)was involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.PLIN2 is a lipid storage protein and a marker of hypoxia-sensitive lipid droplet accumulation.For further investigation,we established a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.We found significant myelin damage after cerebral ischemia,as well as oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and increased lipid peroxidation levels around the infarct area.The ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1,rescued oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and subsequent myelin injury.We also found increased PLIN2 levels in the peri-infarct area that co-localized with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.Plin2 knockdown rescued demyelination and improved neurological deficits.Our findings suggest that targeting PLIN2 to regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing myelin damage after cerebral ischemia.

Multi-scale Modeling and Finite Element Analyses of Thermal Conductivity of 3D C/SiC Composites Fabricating by Flexible-Oriented Woven Process

Thermal conductivity is one of the most significant criterion of three-dimensional carbon fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites(3D C/SiC).Represent volume element(RVE)models of microscale,void/matrix and mesoscale proposed in this work are used to simulate the thermal conductivity behaviors of the 3D C/SiC composites.An entirely new process is introduced to weave the preform with three-dimensional orthogonal architecture.The 3D steady-state analysis step is created for assessing the thermal conductivity behaviors of the composites by applying periodic temperature boundary conditions.Three RVE models of cuboid,hexagonal and fiber random distribution are respectively developed to comparatively study the influence of fiber package pattern on the thermal conductivities at the microscale.Besides,the effect of void morphology on the thermal conductivity of the matrix is analyzed by the void/matrix models.The prediction results at the mesoscale correspond closely to the experimental values.The effect of the porosities and fiber volume fractions on the thermal conductivities is also taken into consideration.The multi-scale models mentioned in this paper can be used to predict the thermal conductivity behaviors of other composites with complex structures.

Effects of Forest Types on Soil Available Nutrients and Carbon Contents in Coastal Areas,China

Clarifying the soil nutrient dynamics caused by forest type variations in the coastal region helps scientifically to apply fertilizer to forest plantations and enhance the carbon(C)sink capacity.Pure forests of Ligustrum and Metasequoia,as well as their mixed forests,in a coastal region of China were investigated by collecting 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil samples and analyzing their differences in bulk density,water content,pH,soil organic matter(SOM),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)-N)and total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP)and potassium(AK),microbial biomass C(MBC)and N(MBN),and enzyme activity.The results demonstrated that different forest types had no significant(p≥0.05)effect on 0-20 cm soil bulk density,water content,pH,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and SOM.However,the surface soil NO_(3)^(-)-N,TN,AP,and AK contents as well as enzyme activity changed significantly(p<0.05),in which the soil AK content of the ligustrum×metasequoia mixed forest was 47.5%and 65.5%higher than that of the ligustrum and metasequoia pure forest,respectively.The mixed forest soil had the highest MBN content,which was significantly(p<0.05)25.1%higher than that in the pure metasequoia forest.Meanwhile,soil phosphatase activities in ligustrum and metasequoia pure forests were significantly(p<0.05)lower than those in the mixed forests by 17.4%and 43.1%,respectively.However,soil NO_(3)^(-)-N and AP contents in the metasequoia pure forest were significantly(p<0.05)higher than those in the ligustrum pure forest and mixed forests.Soil MBC content and reductase NO_(3)^(-)-N activity were significantly(p<0.05)higher in ligustrum pure forest than in metasequoia pure forest and mixed forests.In addition,the results of two-way ANOVA showed that there were no significant(p≥0.05)differences in nutrient contents(e.g.,NH_(4)^(+)-N,AP,AK,and SOM)in different soil layers(0-20 and 20-40 cm)within the same forest type,except for NO_(3)^(-)-N.However,forest types had a significant(p<0.05)impact on NO_(3)^(-)-N and AP contents in 20-40 cm soil layer.Combining the two factors of forest stand and soil layer,there was a significant(p<0.05)interaction effect for their soil NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,AP,and AK contents.In conclusion,significant(p<0.05)differences were observed in nutrient contents in 0-20 cm soil layer from different forest types,with soil fertility indices inmixed forests generally higher than in pure forests.Therefore,establishing mixed forests in coastal saline region is recommended to retain soil fertility and to enhance the C sink capacity of forestry.

Method of Monitoring Three-dimensional Mining Surface Deformation Based on InSAR

In order to solve the problems of small monitoring range,long time and high cost of existing sedimentation observation methods,based on two-view sentinel No.1 radar images of Guqiao mining area in Huainan City from November 4,2017 to November 28,2017,surface change information was obtained in combination with D-InSAR,and the three-dimensional surface deformation was monitored by two-pass method and single line of sight D-InSAR method.The results show that during the research period of 24 d,the maximum deformation of the mining area reached 71 mm,and the southern subsidence was the most obvious,which was in line with the mining subsidence law.The maximum displacement from the north to the south was about 250 mm,while the maximum displacement from the east to the west was about 80 mm,and the maximum subsidence in the center was 110 mm.It is concluded that D-InSAR technique has a good effect on the inversion of the mining subsidence,and this method is suitable for three-dimensional surface monitoring in areas with similar geological conditions.The monitoring results have certain reference value.

超支化聚合物修饰氮化硼微球/环氧树脂导热复合材料的制备及性能

选择粒径30μm和120μm的氮化硼微球(GBN)作为导热填料,通过超支化环氧树脂(HPEP)与GBN之间的π-π相互作用得到了超支化聚合物修饰的氮化硼微球(HPEP-GBN),通过共混制备了具有不同复配比例的环氧树脂复合材料(HPEP-GBN/EP)。调整小粒径填料的质量分数(Xs)研究了不同氮化硼微球的复配比例对复合材料流变行为和导热性能的影响,进一步分析了填料的形状和超支化聚合物的表面修饰对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当Xs=0.4时,HPEP-GBN/EP复合材料的黏度最低,具有比GBN/EP复合材料更优异的加工性能和导热性能。体系的填料质量分数可以达到80%,此时导热系数达到了5.28W/(m·K),是纯环氧树脂的31.06倍。此外,HPEP-GBN/EP复合材料还具有比GBN/EP更优异的力学性能和热稳定性、更低的介电损耗和热膨胀系数。

Recent advances in metal halide perovskite photocatalysts:Properties,synthesis and applications

As a class of new emerged semiconductors,MHPs exhibit many excellent photoelectronic properties,which are superior to most conventional semiconductor nanocrystals(NCs).Particularly,MHPs have received extensive attention and brought new opportunities for the development of photocatalysis.Over the past few years,numerous efforts have been made to design and prepare MHP-based materials for a wide range of applications in photocatalysis,ranging from photocatalytic H_(2) generation,photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,photocatalytic organic synthesis and pollutant degradation.In this review,recent advances in the development of MHP-based materials are summarized from the standpoint of photocatalysis.A brief outlook of this field has been proposed to point out some important challenges and possible solutions.This review suggests that the new family of MHP photocatalysts provide a new paradigm in efficient artificial photosynthesis.

A Study on the Cultivation of Professional Values among Rural-Orientated Targeted Medical Students in Shaanxi Province

Objective:Through investigation,we can grasp the current situation of the professional identity of rural-orientated targeted medical students in Shaanxi Province,so as to cultivate these medical students to establish correct professional values,thus improving the performance rate.Methods:Questionnaires were distributed,and interviews were carried out in three colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province.Results:Targeted medical students lack professional understanding,and their professional identity needs to be improved through medical education.Conclusion:It is suggested that colleges and universities should take measures such as setting up courses and lectures,strengthening communication between teachers and students,carrying out ritual education and social practice,as well as selecting teaching teachers to strengthen the professional values of targeted medical students。

京津冀地区城市精明发展的时空格局与障碍因子诊断

以京津冀地区13个城市为研究对象,从精明空间建设、精明要素配置和精明福利绩效三个方面构建城市精明发展指标体系,测度并分析2008—2018年京津冀地区城市精明发展水平的时空表现,最后利用障碍度模型揭示阻碍京津冀各城市精明发展的因子。主要结论如下(:1)京津冀地区城市精明发展水平较低,研究时段呈微弱的波动下降趋势,存在提升空间(;2)从城市精明发展水平的空间差异看,以北京、天津为高水平的双核心趋势明显,呈现由中心向四周波动递减的态势(;3)从京津冀整体障碍度表现来看,精明福利绩效占比最大,精明空间建设次之,精明要素配置最低(;4)不同城市精明发展的障碍表现各异,其中北京、天津两城市的障碍因子主要集中在精明福利绩效,河北省作为承接北京非首都功能的主要核心区域,精明空间建设和精明要素配置是其省内多数城市的障碍表现。

Pri-EMO:A universal perturbation method for privacy preserving facial emotion recognition

Facial emotion have great significance in human-computer interaction,virtual reality and people's communication.Existing methods for facial emotion privacy mainly concentrate on the perturbation of facial emotion images.However,cryptography-based perturbation algorithms are highly computationally expensive,and transformation-based perturbation algorithms only target specific recognition models.In this paper,we propose a universal feature vector-based privacy-preserving perturbation algorithm for facial emotion.Our method implements privacy-preserving facial emotion images on the feature space by computing tiny perturbations and adding them to the original images.In addition,the proposed algorithm can also enable expression images to be recognized as specific labels.Experiments show that the protection success rate of our method is above 95%and the image quality evaluation degrades no more than 0.003.The quantitative and qualitative results show that our proposed method has a balance between privacy and usability.

复合菌系降解玉米秸秆过程中群落演替与秸秆降解的关系

【目的】为了获得木质素降解复合菌系LDC降解玉米秸秆的适宜条件,明确秸秆降解过程中可能发挥重要作用的功能微生物类群。【方法】以培养温度、pH、培养基装液量和接菌量等单因素试验结果为依据,采用响应面法优化复合菌系降解玉米秸秆的培养条件,利用Miseq高通量测序技术,分析不同降解时期复合菌系的群落结构变化规律。【结果】复合菌系对秸秆最佳降解条件为:培养温度32°C、初始pH为8.2、装液量为40%,接菌量为10%。此条件下木质素最大降解率为44.5%,相比未优化处理提高13.3%。在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是复合菌系LDC的优势菌门。在玉米秸秆降解过程中,降解初期的优势菌属为Proteiniphilum(11.9%)、 Sphaerochaeta(8.4%)、 Ruminofilibacter(8.4%)、 Pannonibacter(6.7%)、Pseudomonas(6.1%)和Rhizobium(5.7%);在降解高峰期时,Anaerocolumna(24.0%)、Caenispirillum(9.2%)和Thauera(7.0%)的丰度显著上升,分别是其在降解初期的16.5倍、 3.0倍和5.9倍,而Ruminofilibacter(10.9%)的丰度仍然很高且排在第二位。在降解末期的优势菌属为Ruminofilibacter(25.4%)、Pseudomonas (9.7%)、Sphaerochaeta (8.8%)、Caenispirillum (8.4%)、Pannonibacter (4.3%)、Thauera (4.0%)以及Desulfomicrobium (3.4%)。【结论】明确了玉米秸秆降解复合菌系的最佳培养条件以及在不同降解时期微生物群落结构变化规律,在玉米秸秆降解过程中发挥重要作用的微生物类群为Pseudomonas、Pannonibacter、Thauera、Ruminofilibacter和Anaerocolumna。

Two-stage controlled islanding strategy based on Stoer-Wagner and improved Dinic algorithms

The controlled islanding for the power system is an effective method to deal with the emergent situations caused by large disturbances. The size of the solution space would increase exponentially as the scale of the power grid increases. The goal of our controlled islanding strategy is to divide the system into several islands quickly. Meanwhile, the generator coherency and the power-flow disruption have to be taken into consideration carefully. This paper proposed a two-stage fast islanding strategy for large power networks, which is on the basis of large power grid graph theories. In the first stage, the Stoer-Wagner algorithm is employed to obtain the grouping cluster of coherent generators in the dynamic undirected liaison graph. In the second stage, the improved Dinic max-flow method is proposed to search the optimal splitting boundary so as to acquire the minimum power flow impact. Our two-stage islanding strategy does not need to reduce the whole power network. Simulations on IEEE 118-bus and162-bus power systems showed that the proposed strategy can acquire high quality solutions effectively and efficiently.