Fault Diagnosis of 5G Networks Based on Digital Twin Model

Fault diagnosis of 5G networks faces the challenges of heavy reliance on human experience and insufficient fault samples and relevant monitoring data.The digital twin technology can realize the interaction between virtual space and physical space through the fusion of model and data,providing a new paradigm for fault diagnosis.In this paper,we first propose a network digital twin model and apply it to 5G network diagnosis.We then use an improved Average Wasserstein GAN with Gradient Penalty(AWGAN-GP)method to discover and predict failures in the twin network.Finally,we use XGBoost algorithm to locate the faults in physical network in real time.Extensive simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase fault prediction and diagnosis accuracy in the case of a small number of labeled failure samples in 5G networks.

Co-seismic deformation for the 2015 M_(W)7.8 Gorkha earthquake(Nepal)using near-field GPS data

Seasonal variations and common mode errors affect the precision of the Global Positioning System(GPS)time series.In this paper,we explore to improve the precision of coordinate time series,thereby providing a better detection of weak or transient deformation signals,particularly co-seismic signals.Based on 97 GPS stations,including the campaign and continuous GPS stations in Nepal and southern Tibet,we first consider seasonal variations and common errors,then obtain co-seismic deformation of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal and southern Tibet.Our co-seismic rupture model is characterized by a shallow ramp and a deeper detachment fault,in agreement with the relocated aftershock sequence.Our results indicate that the earthquake rupture is mainly distributed in the upper-crustal fault,and the maximum slip is up to 8.0 m at~15.0 km depth located in the approximate-80 km east of the epicenter.The average slip is more than 5 m,and the total modelled magnitude is M_(W)7.84,consistent with the observed seismic moment.Our rupture model for the 2015 Gorkha earthquake suggests that the rupture zone is not only in the upper crustal Main Himalayan Thrust(MHT),but also spreads to the northern segment of the MHT.

A three-dimensional digital visualization model of cervical nerves in a healthy person

Three-dimensional reconstruction nerve models are classically obtained from two-dimensional images of ＂visible human＂ frozen sections. However, because of the flexibility of nerve tissues and small color differences compared with surrounding tissues, the integrity and validity of nerve tissues can be impaired during milling. Thus, in the present study, we obtained two-dimensional data from a healthy volunteer based on continuous CT angiography and magnetic resonance myelography. Semi-automatic segmentation and reconstruction were then conducted at different thresholds in different tissues using Mimics software. Small anatomical structures such as muscles and cervical nerves were reconstructed using the medical computer aided design module. Three-dimensional digital models of the cervical nerves and their surrounding structures were successfully developed, which allowed visualization of the spatial relation of anatomical structures with a strong three-dimensional effect, distinct appearance, clear distribution, and good continuity, precision, and integrality. These results indicate the validity of a three-dimensional digital visualization model of healthy human cervical nerves, which overcomes the disadvantages of milling, avoids data loss, and exhibits a realistic appearance and three-dimensional image.

Clinical Analysis of Early Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in the Treatment of Acute Left Heart Failure Complicated with Respiratory Failure

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of early and non-early non-invasive mechanical ventilation(NIV) for acute left heart failure and respiratory failure. Methods 29 cases of patients with acute left heart failure and respiratory failure treated by NIV were selected from our department from August 2016 to March 2019. According to the time of initiation of noninvasive mechanical ventilation, the patients were divided into the early treatment group(group A, treatment with NIV immediately after admission, n=15) and the non-early treatment group(group B, treatment with NIV for 2 h after admission, n=14), the improvement time, mechanical ventilation time, effective rate, intubation rate and fatality rate were compared between the two groups. Results The improvement time of patients in group A was(4.8±2.5) hours, the time of mechanical ventilation was(9.6±3.2) hours, the improvement time of group B was(6.8±2.6) hours, and the time of mechanical ventilation(12.8±4.4) hours. There were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). In group A, 13 patients were cured, 2 patients were intubated, 1 patient died, 10 patients in group B were cured, 4 patients were intubated, and 2 patients died. The difference in cure rate, intubation rate and mortality was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The treatment of acute left heart failure and respiratory failure is effective, and early application can improve the cure rate, reduce intubation and mortality.

Injectable cartilage matrix hydrogel loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells engineered to release exosomes for non-invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration

Low back pain,mainly caused by intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),is a common health problem;however,current surgical treatments are less than satisfactory.Thus,it is essential to develop novel non-invasive surgical methods for IVDD treatment.Here,we describe a therapeutic strategy to inhibit IVDD by injecting hydrogels modified with the extracellular matrix of costal cartilage(ECM-Gels)that are loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells(CESCs).After loaded with CESCs overexpressing Sphk2(Lenti-Sphk2-CESCs)and injected near the cartilage endplate(CEP)of rats in vivo,ECM-Gels produced Sphk2-engineered exosomes(Lenti-Sphk2-Exos).These exosomes penetrated the annulus fibrosus(AF)and transported Sphk2 into the nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs).Sphk2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/p-AKT pathway as well as the intracellular autophagy of NPCs,ultimately ameliorating IVDD.This study provides a novel and efficient non-invasive combinational strategy for IVDD treatment using injectable ECM-Gels loaded with CESCs that express Sphk2 with sustained release of functional exosomes.

Myristoylation of EV71 VP4 is Essential for Infectivity and Interaction with Membrane Structure

The Enterovirus 71(EV71)VP4 is co-translationally linked to myristic acid at its amino-terminal glycine residue.However,the role of this myristoylation in the EV71 life cycle remains largely unknown.To investigate this issue,we developed a myristoylation-deficient virus and reporter(luciferase)pseudovirus with a Gly-to-Ala mutation(G2A)on EV71 VP4.When transfecting the EV71-G2 A genome encoding plasmid in cells,the loss of myristoylation on VP4 did not affect the expression of viral proteins and the virus morphology,however,it did significantly influence viral infectivity.Further,in myristoylation-deficient reporter pseudovirus-infected cells,the luciferase activity and viral genome RNA decreased significantly as compared to that of wild type virus;however,cytopathic effect and viral capsid proteins were not detected in myristoylation-deficient virus-infected cells.Also,although myristoylation-deficient viral RNA and proteins were detected in the second blind passage of infection,they were much fewer in number compared to that of the wild type virus.The replication of genomic RNA and negative-strand viral RNA were both blocked in myristoylation-deficient viruses,suggesting that myristoylation affects viral genome RNA release from capsid to cytoplasm.Besides,loss of myristoylation on VP4 altered the distribution of VP4-green fluorescent protein protein,which disappeared from the membrane structure fraction.Finally,a liposome leakage assay showed that EV71 myristoylation mediates the permeability of the model membrane.Hence,the amino-terminal myristoylation of VP4 is pivotal to EV71 infection and capsidmembrane structure interaction.This study provides novel molecular mechanisms regarding EV71 infection and potential molecular targets for antiviral drug design.